BYD Auto
Hanyu Pinyin | Bǐyàdí Qìchē Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī | |
Website | bydauto.com.cn (Chinese) byd.com (English) | |
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Footnotes / references [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] |
BYD Auto Co., Ltd. is the
BYD Auto was founded in January 2003 by BYD owner Wang Chuanfu, following BYD's acquisition of Xi'an Qinchuan Automobile. The first car designed by BYD, the BYD F3, entered production in 2005. BYD started producing its first plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the BYD F3DM in 2008, followed by its first production battery electric vehicle, the BYD e6 in 2009. In March 2022, BYD ended production of purely internal combustion engined cars to focus on new energy vehicles. The company sells its vehicles under the main BYD brand, and sells high-end vehicles under its Denza, Yangwang and Fangchengbao brands.
Following a series of decline in sales and profit, BYD Auto has experienced substantial sales growth since 2020 due to the increasing market share of new energy vehicles in China. In the fourth quarter of 2023, BYD was the top-selling battery electric vehicle manufacturer in the world ahead of Tesla.[8] BYD was also the best-selling car brand in China in 2023, overtaking Volkswagen which held the title since the liberalisation of the Chinese automotive industry.[9] The company also expanded sales of passenger cars into overseas markets since 2021, mainly in Europe, Southeast Asia, Oceania and South America.
The company is characterised by its extensive
History
2003–2008: Early years
BYD Company founder Wang Chuanfu founded BYD Auto in 2003 after acquiring and renaming a dwindling small automotive manufacturing company, Xi'an Qinchuan Automobile, from the state-owned defense company Norinco in January 2003. The company was acquired for HK$269 million in exchange for a 77 percent stake, shortly after BYD raised HK$1.6 billion on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in July 2002.[14][15][16][17] The acquisition was met with disapproval from shareholders, as the plan was not disclosed in the prospectus.[18] The purchase gave BYD access to car manufacturing technology and an automobile production license, as Qinchuan had been manufacturing cars since 1987.[19][20] With BYD's foundation in battery manufacturing, Wang started a car manufacturer company with the vision of developing battery-powered electric vehicles.[21][22]
At the time of the acquisition, Qinchuan was producing a small car called the QCJ7181 Flyer, which was rebranded to BYD Flyer from 2005. Limited capacity at the former Qinchuan manufacturing plant in Xi'an, Shaanxi prompted BYD to construct a new manufacturing plant in the Xi'an Development Zone within the city.[23]
During its early years, BYD Auto achieved growth by reverse engineering competitor's products and supplier parts and keeping strong control over costs. The first mass-produced passenger car from BYD, the BYD F3 compact sedan as well as the later added F0 are considered copies of Toyota products.[24]
The first car developed by BYD, codenamed 316, was rejected by dealers due to its poor styling and was scrapped before reaching the market, writing off
In 2005, BYD Auto contributed 10 percent to BYD Company's revenue. By 2006, a little over a year since the F3 was launched, BYD Auto's contribution increased to 25 percent. In the first half of 2009, the automotive business for the first time made up more than half of BYD Company's revenue, reaching 55 percent.[14] By 2008, BYD Auto owned two vehicle assembly manufacturing plants in Xi'an and in Shenzhen with a production capacity of 300,000 units per year, an R&D and testing center in Shanghai, and a moulding plant in Beijing.[30]
In 2010, widespread withdrawal of BYD
2006–2020: New energy vehicle efforts
At the 2006
In 2008, Wang Chuanfu targeted the company to lead the Chinese automotive market by 2015, and to be the largest car manufacturer in the world by 2025.[33] According to Wang, electric vehicles would be BYD's stepping stone to skip research and development of internal combustion engined vehicles, and to enter foreign market such as Europe and North America.[34]
In March 2008, the
In January 2009, BYD introduced its first production battery electric vehicle, the e6 at the 2009 North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[38] It is powered by a battery pack codenamed "Fe", which provides a claimed electric range of 400 km (249 mi).[39] While plans to sell the vehicle to the general public in the US were shelved, the company sold the e6 in the US in a limited number as a fleet vehicle.[40][41][42]
In 2009, BYD started producing
In 2010, BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd. and Daimler AG, now known as
BYD established the Dynasty Series product line in August 2013 by introducing the plug-in hybrid electric variant of the petrol-engined
In November 2016, the company hired
In December 2016, BYD signed American actor Leonardo DiCaprio as the brand's global brand ambassador for new energy vehicles.[51]
During the period before 2020, BYD relied on
2020–present: Rapid growth
BYD experienced a substantial surge in vehicle sales from 2020 to 2023. The company sold 3,024,417 vehicles globally in 2023, a seven-fold increase compared to the 2020 figure of 427,302 vehicles. The increase was partly attributed to the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles in China, which accounted for 27.5 percent of vehicle sales in China in 2022, increasing from 5.8 percent in 2020.[58][59] BYD surpassed Tesla as the world's largest plug-in electric vehicle manufacturer by selling 641,000 vehicles in the first half of 2022.[60] BYD ended the production of pure internal combustion engine vehicles in March 2022, redirecting its focus towards new energy vehicles. In September 2022, BYD became the first carmaker in China to build one million new energy vehicles in a single year.[61] On November 24, 2023, BYD became the first company in the world to produce its 6 millionth new energy vehicle.[62]
By 2023, BYD continued to be the world's largest plug-in hybrid electric vehicle manufacturer and the second-largest battery electric vehicle manufacturer, following Tesla, with global market shares of 21.4 percent and 15 percent, respectively.[63][64] BYD also held a substantial 36 percent market share in the new energy vehicle segment in China as of September 2023.[65]
BYD introduced its first vehicle equipped with the Blade battery, the BYD Han large sedan in early 2020. The Han went on sale in July 2020 with an option of plug-in hybrid electric (Han DM) and battery electric (Han EV) variants.[66] The most equipped variant of the battery electric variant was claimed to be the fastest electric car in China, while the DM version was the fastest hybrid sedan.[67]
BYD announced its entry to Europe in May 2020, starting with Norway. The first batch of 100 BYD Tang EVs equipped with the Blade battery were sent to Norway in June 2021.[68]
In April 2021, BYD introduced the e-Platform 3.0, a third-generation
In December 2021, Daimler AG reduced its stake in its joint venture brand with BYD Auto from 50 percent to 10 percent, with BYD Auto controlling 90 percent. BYD refreshed Denza's line-up with the release of the
BYD released its smallest and cheapest battery electric vehicle called the Seagull in April 2023. It features a 4-seater, 5-door configuration in a hatchback body style, while being priced in a segment dominated by smaller 3-door cars. The car became a sales success in China, in 29 November 2023, BYD produced the 200,000th Seagull after only seven months in the market.[78][79]
While celebrating BYD's 5,000,000th new energy vehicle production in August 2023, Wang Chuanfu calls on local Chinese car manufacturers to "unite" to take on foreign manufacturers, responding to the severe price war in the Chinese market throughout 2023. Wang claims that it is "an emotional need for the 1.4 billion Chinese people to see a Chinese brand becoming global," and started a campaign titled "Together, we are Chinese autos". The patriotic call was welcomed by the CEOs of Nio and Li Auto.[80][81]
On January 9, 2024, BYD's first
Identity
BYD Auto's original logo was used between 2003 and 2007. According to the company, the blue and white colours represent the sky and the clouds respectively.
On 1 January 2021, BYD Auto adopted a new brand logo. Other BYD businesses retained the older logo.[90]
On 17 February 2022, the logo of BYD Auto was slightly revised with a narrower width to follow graphic design trends, coinciding with the introduction of the new BYD Company logo.[91]
Since the release of the second-generation BYD Tang, BYD Auto started adopting the "Build Your Dreams" identity for the rear badging for its vehicles, replacing the standard oval BYD logo.[92] The badging was retained for export markets until late August 2023, when the company announced that for export markets the badging will be dropped in favour of the three-letter BYD logo due to widespread criticisms.[93][94]
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Logo used during 2003–2007
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Logo used during 2007–2021
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Logo used between 2021–2022 (wider than the current logo)
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Current logo (since 2022)
Global expansion
In 2009, BYD started exporting cars to Africa, South America, and the Middle East. At that time, BYD cars competed on price instead of quality.
Throughout 2023, the company exported over 242,766 passenger new energy vehicles, a year-over-year increase of 334 percent.[1] As of 2023, BYD Auto vehicles are sold in over 70 countries around the world.[100]
Europe
In 2015, BYD announced plans to partner with Alexander Dennis to produce all-electric buses for the UK, including London's first all-electric double-decker.[101] By 2023, the partnership had produced 1500 buses.[102]
In May 2020, BYD announced that it would offer passenger vehicles in Europe, starting with Norway. The company chose Norway due to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles in the country. The first product offered there is the BYD Tang.[103] Prior BYD vehicles offered in Europe are mainly commercial vehicles and fleet-oriented vehicles such as the BYD e6, in low volumes.[104]
In 2022, BYD Auto began selling its passenger vehicles in Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Belgium.[105] In Germany and Sweden, the BYD models are sold in cooperation with the Hedin Group.[106] In October 2022, BYD appointed Denzel Group as its distributor in Austria.[106] In March 2023, BYD entered the United Kingdom market by introducing the Atto 3.[107]
BYD will build its first European passenger car factory in Szeged, Hungary, which will build new energy vehicles with an annual capacity of over 100,000 vehicles. The plan was announced in December 2023.[108][109] It is the first Chinese manufacturer to plan a European factory.[110]
Australia
BYD entered the Australian market in 2022 through a partnership with EVDirect, a local distributor that is a subsidiary of
Asia
Japan
In 2015, the BYD became the first Chinese manufacturer in Japan to market electric buses. It supplied the
In July 2022, BYD announced sales of its electric passenger vehicles in Japan will start in 2023.[119] Sales of the Atto 3 in the country started in February 2023, with its first sales outlet located in Yokohama. BYD sells its vehicles in Japan through a dealership network instead of direct sales.[120] The Dolphin was added to the local line-up in September 2023. All BYD models in Japan are adapted to local conditions by adopting CHAdeMO charging standard.[121]
Southeast Asia
In October 2022, BYD started sales of passenger electric cars in Thailand in partnership with local company Rêver Automotive.[122] In 2023, BYD announced plans to build a new electric vehicle manufacturing plant in Thailand. The plant, located in Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) special zone in Rayong, is expected to start production in 2024 and will have an annual capacity of 150,000 vehicles.[123]
BYD entered Malaysia in December 2022 by partnering with local company Sime Darby Motors as the distributor. The first model introduced was the Atto 3.[124] In the Philippines, BYD partnered with Ayala Corp to distribute BYD passenger electric cars in the country since August 2023.[125]
BYD introduced its passenger electric cars in Indonesia in January 2024. According to the Indonesian government, BYD plans to invest US$1.3 billion (Rp 20.3 trillion) to build a manufacturing plant in Indonesia with an annual capacity of 150,000 units.[126]
India
BYD entered the Indian automotive sector in 2016 as a battery and bus chassis supplier to Olectra Greenwich Ltd. Its manufacturing operations are based in the Sriperumbudur plant. BYD started assembling electric passenger vehicles through a semi-knock down arrangement in low volume in 2022. The models assembled are the fleet-oriented e6 since September 2022 and the Atto 3 since November 2022.[127][128][129]
In July 2023, investment plans to produce cars in India were cancelled due to scrutiny from the Indian government, noting security concerns. BYD Auto previously had planned to invest 1 billion USD with a local joint venture partner Megha Engineering, with start of production targeted in 2025.[130]
Uzbekistan
BYD entered Uzbekistan in March 2023 by introducing two plug-in hybrid models and one battery electric model.
North America
United States
BYD's North American headquarters opened in Los Angeles in 2011.[133] BYD's electric bus plant in Lancaster, California went operational in 2014.[134][135] BYD first supplied the Los Angeles Metro Bus system with buses in 2015.
In a February 2024 interview with Yahoo! Finance, Stella Li, the executive vice president of BYD and CEO of BYD Americas iterated that BYD is "not planning to come to the US" to sell electric passenger cars, despite planning a manufacturing plant in Mexico, citing politically motivated trade barriers against Chinese companies and the slowing rate of growth for electric car adoption in the US.[136]
Mexico
BYD started selling electric passenger cars in Mexico since 2023. The first models introduced were the Han EV sedan, Tang EV and
South America
BYD planned to deliver 1,002 electric buses to
In 2022, BYD began selling passenger vehicles in Colombia and Costa Rica.[129]
Brazil
In February 2022, BYD Auto began sales of passenger vehicles in Brazil starting with the Tang EV (marketed as the Tan), followed by the Han EV in April 2022.[142][143] Previously BYD in Brazil had marketed battery electric buses and commercial vehicles.[144]
In July 2023, BYD announced an investment of US$600 million in Brazil to acquire, modernise, and increase the production capacity of a former
Products
BYD Auto offers a broad variety of vehicle types, including sedans, hatchbacks, MPVs, SUVs, battery electric buses and coaches in various sizes, and large trucks. The company formerly produced internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles until 2022, when the company announced that it would focus on new energy vehicles.[147]
Passenger vehicles
Best-selling BYD models, 2023[148][149] | ||
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Rank | Model | Global sales |
1 | BYD Qin Plus
|
455,863 |
2 | BYD Song Plus / Seal U
|
427,071 |
3 | BYD Yuan Plus / Atto 3 | 412,202 |
4 | BYD Dolphin | 367,419 |
5 | BYD Seagull | 280,217 |
6 | BYD Han | 228,383 |
7 | BYD Song Pro
|
203,491 |
8 | BYD Tang | 137,184 |
9 | BYD Seal & Seal DM-i | 127,323 |
10 | Denza D9 | 119,182 |
For passenger vehicles for personal use, the BYD brand distinguishes its line-up under two main "series", which are the Dynasty Series (started by the
Current powertrain options for passenger vehicles consist of battery electric often denoted by the EV suffix, DM-i (Dual Mode Intelligent, a plug-in hybrid electric system) and DM-p (performance-oriented Dual Mode with all-wheel drive).[150]
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BYD Seal
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BYD Song Plus
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BYD F3, the first vehicle designed by BYD Auto was produced in 2005–2019
Brands
Denza
Denza (
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Denza N7
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Denza D9
Yangwang
Yangwang (Chinese: 仰望; lit. 'gazing', 'look up') is BYD's luxury car brand that is positioned in a price range above CN¥1 million (approximately US$140,000) to compete with European luxury brands.[162] The brand was announced on January 5, 2023 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, along with its first model, the U8 off-road plug-in hybrid SUV, which features BYD's proprietary e4 individual wheel drive technology, followed by the U9 battery electric supercar.[163][76]
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Yangwang U8
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Yangwang U9
Fangchengbao
Fangchengbao (Chinese: 方程豹; lit. 'formula leopard'), trademarked in English as Formula Bao[164] is BYD Auto's brand that produces SUVs. BYD positioned the brand with "professional" and "personalised" vehicles, with products covering off-road and track-focused segments. The brand was announced on June 9, 2023.[165] The brand operates its own direct sales stores, in contrast with BYD that relies on a dealership network.[166]
On August 16, 2023, Fangchengbao released its first model, the Bao 5 plug-in hybrid SUV. It debuted at the Chengdu Auto Show and is based on a Fangchengbao-specific platform called DMO (Dual Mode Off-Road).[166]
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Fangchengbao Bao 5
Commercial vehicles
Light commercial vehicles and taxis
The
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BYD e6 taxi in service in Singapore
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BYD ETP3in Germany
Buses
BYD produces battery electric buses in various forms and sizes, such as single-deck buses,
In North America, BYD buses are produced in the US at BYD's plant in Lancaster, California. It is the largest battery-electric bus manufacturer in North America.[134]
Trucks
BYD is one of the largest battery electric truck manufacturer in the world, with more than 8,000 trucks in service globally as of 2021[update]. It has sold more than 200 battery electric trucks in service across the United States.
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BYD T8 street sweeper truck
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BYD 8TT
Technologies
Plug-in hybrid electric systems
DM (dual mode)
The BYD DM (dual mode)
DM-i/DM-p
The DM-i and DM-p replaced the DM technology. The DM-i is developed for efficiency-oriented
The hybrid drivetrain uses context-dependent components to provide driving power, including battery-only, battery + electrical generator mode, engine-only mode (only at high speeds due to lack of transmission), and battery + engine mode. The engine charges the batteries via the generator when conditions permit. The design allows the engine to remain within its high-efficiency zone.[179]
The DM-i is available with three power levels, codenamed EHS132, EHS145, and EHS160, using 1.5-litre, 1.5-litre or 1.5-litre
In January 2024, reports surfaced that BYD plans to stop producing pouch-type batteries used in its plug-in hybrid vehicles by 2025 to address durability concerns and risk of leaking electrolyte. The company will use prismatic batteries known as "Short Blade" for its plug-in hybrid vehicles going forward.[181]
Software and connectivity
BYD equipped most of its passenger cars with DiLink, a service ecosystem of technology and content developed independently by BYD. The system is claimed to integrate in-vehicle network systems,
The latest version of DiLink, the DiLink 4.0 was introduced in August 2021. The updated version supports 5G network, and feature reworked user interface that is more intuitive.[185] The hardware for the DiLink 4.0 is known to be powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon SM6350 chipset with 8 GB of RAM and 128 GB of storage.[186]
One of the popular feature in the DiLink for the Chinese market is the inclusion of karaoke. BYD is one of the first brand in China to include karaoke in the in-car entertainment system, allowing occupants to sing through the optional or included DiLink microphone.[187][188][189]
BYD also introduced BYD OS in 2021 alongside the e-Platform 3.0, which is an in-house operating system for battery electric vehicles that decouples software and hardware. It reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs, while offering the possibility for other manufacturers that uses the platform to integrate their own software and hardware.[190]
Blade battery
The Blade battery is a
e-Platform 3.0
The e-Platform 3.0 is a
.The platform enables
The first car designed using this platform is the Dolphin, followed by the Yuan Plus (Atto 3 in global markets),[196] Seal, Denza D9 EV, among others.[70]
Research and development
In 2006, BYD established an internal Electric Vehicle Research Institute, dedicated for the R&D and trial production of complete vehicles and parts for new energy vehicles, such as battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles (DM, dual-mode).[33]
Design centre
In 2019, BYD launched its global design centre in Shenzhen, China. It is led by industry veterans from European brands, led by Global Design director Wolfgang Egger, BYD Global Exterior Design director JuanMa Lopez and Global Interior Design director Michele Jauch-Paganetti.[197]
The carmaker unveiled the E-Seed GT concept car, the first joint effort from the team, at the Auto Shanghai in April 2019. The design concept reflected the lines of the traditional Chinese dragon.[198]
Manufacturing
BYD Auto has significantly cut manufacturing costs using three methods:
A teardown by investment bank
Facilities
China
BYD Auto's
The Xi'an plant is BYD Auto's first production base, which includes electric assembly, electric motor, and battery production. The first expansion of the plant was completed in September 2014, when the Xi'an BYD No. 2 Plant went operational. BYD added an electric bus plant in the complex in 2017, with an annual capacity of 5,000 units.[204] Following the completion of the third phase development in September 2022, the current annual production capacity of the Xi'an production base is 900,000 vehicles.[205] As of 2024[update], it is the largest single manufacturing company in the Shaanxi province.[206]
In late 2012, the Changsha plant went operational with an annual production capacity of 300,000 vehicles. A second phase plant went operational in 2022, making the total production capacity in Changsha reach 300,000 vehicles annually.[205]
BYD Auto started construction of its largest plant in Hefei, Anhui in July 2021, which started operations in June 2022. It will be built in three phases with final annual capacity of 1.32 million vehicles.[205]
Subsidiary | Plant | Location | Start of production | Annual capacity | Products | Models produced (2024) |
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BYD Auto Co., Ltd. | Xi'an Plant (initially acquired from Xi'an Qinchuan Automobile) | Xi'an, Shaanxi
|
2003 (under BYD) | 900,000 vehicles |
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List Passenger vehicles:
Buses: |
Changzhou Branch | Changzhou, Jiangsu | 2022 | 400,000 vehicles | Passenger vehicles | List Passenger vehicles:
| |
BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd. | Changsha Branch | Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan
|
2012 | 600,000 vehicles |
|
List Passenger vehicles:
Buses:
Trucks:
|
Chengde Branch | Chengde, Hebei
|
EV buses | ||||
Dalian Branch | Dalian, Liaoning
|
Large EV buses | ||||
Guilin Branch | Guilin, Guangxi
|
EV buses | List Buses:
| |||
Hangzhou Branch | Hangzhou, Zhejiang | EV buses | ||||
Hefei Branch | Hefei, Anhui
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2022 | 1,320,000 vehicles | List Passenger vehicles:
| ||
Huaian Branch | Huai'an, Jiangsu
|
|
||||
Nanjing Branch | Lishui, Nanjing, Jiangsu | |||||
Qingdao Branch | Chengyang District, Qingdao, Shandong
|
EV buses | ||||
Shanwei Branch | Shanwei, Guangdong
|
EV buses | ||||
Shenzhen Plant | Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong | 350,000 vehicles |
|
List Passenger vehicles:
| ||
Taiyuan Branch | Taiyuan, Shanxi | EV buses | ||||
Wuhan Branch | Huangpi District, Wuhan, Hubei | EV buses | ||||
Yinchuan Branch | Yinchuan, Ningxia | EV buses | ||||
Zhengzhou Branch | Zhengzhou, Henan
|
2023 | 400,000 vehicles | Passenger vehicles | List Passenger vehicles:
| |
Fuzhou BYD Industrial Co., Ltd.(acquired from Dorcen) | Fuzhou, Jiangxi | 2023 (under BYD) | 200,000 vehicles[207] | Passenger vehicles | List Passenger vehicles:
| |
Hangzhou Xihu BYD New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd. | Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang | EV special vehicles | ||||
Guangzhou GAC BYD New Energy Passenger Vehicle Co., Ltd. | Conghua, Guangzhou, Guangdong | 2015[208] | EV buses | |||
Tianjin BYD Automobile Co., Ltd. | Wuqing, Tianjin | EV buses | ||||
Xi'an Silver Bus Co., Ltd. (acquired from Xi'an Gaoke Group)[209] | Xi'an, Shaanxi
|
2023 (under BYD) | EV buses | |||
References: [205][210] |
Overseas
BYD opened a manufacturing plant for electric buses in Lancaster, California, US in May 2013.[211][212] Another plant was inaugurated in Campinas, Brazil in 2015 for the production of electric buses.[213] BYD also opened a bus plant in 2019 in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada.[214]
BYD has a European electric bus assembly facility in Komárom, Hungary. The plant employed 300 people by the end of 2019, with a production capacity of up to 400 electric buses a year (and 600 chassis) on two shifts.[215]
In July 2023, BYD announced a US$620 million investment in Camaçari, Brazil to produce electric cars, after acquiring Ford's former plant.[216]
Country | Plant | Location | Start of production | Annual capacity | Products | Models produced (2024) |
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Brazil | BYD Auto Co., Ltd., Campinas Plant | Campinas, São Paulo | 2018 | EV bus chassis | ||
BYD Auto Camaçari | Camaçari, Bahia | 2025 |
|
|||
Hungary | BYD Electric Bus & Truck Hungary Kft | Puskás Tivadar, Komárom | 300 vehicles |
|
Alexander Dennis buses | |
BYD auto factory, Szeged (tentative name)[217] | Szeged, Hungary | 2026 (planned) | Passenger vehicles | |||
India | BYD India | Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu |
|
Passenger vehicles:
| ||
Olectra Greentech Ltd. | Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar | EV buses | Buses:
| |||
Thailand | BYD Auto (Thailand) | Rayong | 2024 | Passenger vehicles | ||
United States | BYD Motors Inc., Lancaster Plant | Lancaster, California | 2014[135] |
|
Buses:
| |
Uzbekistan | BYD Uzbekistan Factory | Jizzakh | 2024 | Passenger vehicles | Passenger vehicles:
| |
References: [210] |
Partnerships
Toyota joint venture
BYD and Toyota formed a joint venture called BYD Toyota EV Technology Co., Ltd. (BTET), which was formalised in April 2020 and headquartered in Shenzhen, China. It was established with a focus on the research and development of battery electric vehicles.[218][219] The first product conceived by the joint venture is the Toyota bZ3, a Chinese market battery electric sedan manufactured by FAW Toyota.
Hino Motors joint venture
In October 2020, BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd. signed an agreement with Japanese truck and bus manufacturer Hino Motors to establish a joint venture for commercial battery electric vehicle development. The joint venture plans to release vehicles under the Hino brand by 2025.[220]
In February 2023, Hino Motors halted sales of compact electric buses in Japan supplied by BYD as the bus contains hexavalent chromium, a carcinogen chemical that is banned under Japanese industry guidelines. The bus affected is the Hino Poncho Z EV.[221] Hino was unable to negotiate with BYD to build the bus without using the chemical, while BYD Japan claims that the buses "meet all required laws and standards".[222]
Alexander Dennis
In 2015, BYD Auto teamed up with Alexander Dennis, the UK's leading bus manufacturer, to build electric buses specifically for the British market. Alexander Dennis built their Enviro200EV single-deck and Enviro400EV double-deck products on BYD's chassis.[43]
Songsan Motor
A small Chinese motorcycle manufacturer Songsan Motor contracted BYD to produce retro-styled cars, as the company does not have a production license. Its first vehicle, the Songsan SS Dolphin (unrelated to the BYD Dolphin) was introduced in 2019 using Chevrolet Corvette C1 as a design inspiration. It is based on BYD's platform and powered by a plug-in hybrid powertrain. As legally required, the car wears BYD badges alongside Songsan Motor logo.[223] As of 2023[update], deliveries to customers have not started yet. Songsan sued BYD in September 2023 due to alleged contract disputes and fraudulent environmental certifications, an allegation that was denied by BYD.[224]
Lawsuits and controversies
Imitation of competing models
BYD Auto had been accused of taking designs from other manufacturers. Articles claimed
Nanjing electric vehicle fraud
In 2016, a peculiar suicide note written by a BYD dealership owner in Nanjing started an investigation into government subsidy fraud.[231] The dealership owner committed suicide after facing bankruptcy, for which he blamed BYD. According to the note, BYD had received government subsidies for 600 electric buses it had never produced. A single electric bus went for about CN¥2 million (US$305,000). Of 600 buses, the city had received only a few dozen. That year, the Finance Ministry fined five manufacturers (not including BYD) which had fraudulently obtained more than CN¥1 billion (US$153 million) worth of subsidies.[232] The companies were required to return the subsidies in full and also pay penalties worth an additional 50 percent of subsidies received.
According to the relatives of the man, BYD forced dealerships to increase electric vehicle inventories even though sales were low. In an attempt to clear inventories, dealerships tried selling to people from outside of Nanjing, while simultaneously trying to help them get temporary Nanjing residence documents. According to a dealership employee, the dealerships wound up paying the subsidies on 80 percent of vehicles sold.[231]
Manufacturing plant pollution
In May 2022,
Fuel tank evaporative emissions
In May 2023, rival
Quality concerns of buses
In December 2018, the Albuquerque, New Mexico council in the US sued BYD over the alleged poor welding, poor battery range, and malfunctioning doors and brakes of its buses.[240] BYD denied the allegations, and the lawsuit was settled without money changing hands.[241]
A 2018 investigation by
In February 2023, BYD confirmed the presence of a toxic chemical, hexavalent chromium, in its electric buses in Japan. According to BYD, the contaminated vehicles will be "detoxified before being scrapped, leaving no impact on the environment."[243]
Sales
Year | Total | BYD | Denza | Yangwang | FCB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 21,253 | 21,253 | - | - | - |
2004 | 17,900 | 17,900 | - | - | - |
2005 | 11,038 | 11,038 | - | - | - |
2006 | 63,592 | 63,592 | - | - | - |
2007 | 101,665 | 101,665 | - | - | - |
2008 | 170,880 | 170,880 | - | - | - |
2009 | 448,458 | 448,458 | - | - | - |
2010 | 521,761 | 521,761 | - | - | - |
2011 | 454,676 | 454,676 | - | - | - |
2012 | 462,512 | 462,512 | - | - | - |
2013 | 514,188 | 514,188 | - | - | - |
2014 | 446,329 | 446,329 | - | - | - |
2015 | 451,868 | 449,068 | 2,800 | - | - |
2016 | 510,157 | 507,870 | 2,287 | - | - |
2017 | 421,158 | 416,445 | 4,713 | - | - |
2018 | 528,298 | 526,324 | 1,974 | - | - |
2019 | 467,960 | 465,871 | 2,089 | - | - |
2020 | 431,447 | 427,302 | 4,175 | - | - |
2021 | 749,325 | 744,617 | 4,708 | - | - |
2022 | 1,881,669 | 1,871,866 | 9,803 | - | - |
2023 | 3,024,417 | 2,888,864 | 127,840 | 2,001 | 5,712 |
|
BYD car sales in 2009 were 448,400 vehicles. Its F3 was the best-selling sedan in China with sales of over 291,000 units.[36][246] In 2010, BYD sold 519,800 vehicles, representing 2.9 percent of the market in China, its sixth largest manufacturer.[203][247] In 2011, the BYD sales rank was outside the top ten.[248] In 2012, the company became the 9th largest car manufacturer in China, producing over 600,000 vehicles.[249] In 2013, BYD sold 506,189 passenger cars in China, ranking tenth.[250]
BYD sales had increased significantly compared to its previous years since 2021, in part as a result of the rapid increase of new energy vehicle sales as a percentage of total passenger vehicle sales in China in 2021 and 2022.[59] While the new energy vehicle market share were stagnant between 4–5 percent since 2018, in 2021 and 2022, new energy vehicles accounted for 15.4 and 27.5 percent all passenger vehicle sales respectively. Within BYD's total vehicle sales, new energy vehicles also account for an increasing percentage from 52.4 percent in 2018 into reaching 99.2 percent in the first half of 2022 as the company ended production of pure internal combustion engine vehicles.[251]
In late 2022 and early 2023, BYD plug-in hybrid vehicles surpassed the sales of its battery electric vehicles, which was partly attributed to the positive reception of BYD's DM-i hybrid system technology that replaced the older DM hybrid in January 2021.[252] In the first half of 2022, BYD becomes the top plug-in electric vehicle seller after surpassing Tesla.[60]
Since 2023, BYD became the top-selling car brand in China ahead of Volkswagen, marking the first time another company has sold more cars than Volkswagen in the country.[9] The company surpassed Tesla as the top battery electric vehicle manufacturer in the fourth quarter of 2023 by selling 526,409 battery electric cars, while Tesla delivered 484,507 vehicles.[8][253] In 2023, 52.5 percent of BYD's sales volume were from battery electric vehicles (including commercial vehicles).[1]
In early 2024, BYD sales in China were surpassed by Volkswagen, ending a 11-month streak as the top-selling brand in China.[254] It was attributed by the 2024 Chinese New Year holiday and reduced demand.[255]
Quarterly sales (2018–present)
- ICE
- PHEV
- BEV
- BEV buses & trucks
Quarter | ICE | PHEV
|
BEV | BEV buses & trucks |
Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 2018 | 82,140 | 23,184 | 5,315 | 1,138 | 111,777 |
Q2 2018 | 67,473 | 24,246 | 18,525 | 2,476 | 112,720 |
Q3 2018 | 58,540 | 33,976 | 30,091 | 4,467 | 127,074 |
Q4 2018 | 64,723 | 42,483 | 49,332 | 12,578 | 169,116 |
Q1 2019 | 44,406 | 25,745 | 45,487 | 1,940 | 117,578 |
Q2 2019 | 38,013 | 19,237 | 50,292 | 2,952 | 110,494 |
Q3 2019 | 60,756 | 17,279 | 27,879 | 1,809 | 107,723 |
Q4 2019 | 88,718 | 9,907 | 23,527 | 3,452 | 125,604 |
Q1 2020 | 39,081 | 3,412 | 18,110 | 670 | 61,273 |
Q2 2020 | 58,870 | 7,776 | 28,151 | 2,467 | 97,264 |
Q3 2020 | 60,083 | 14,325 | 32,088 | 3,628 | 110,124 |
Q4 2020 | 79,249 | 22,571 | 52,981 | 3,556 | 158,357 |
Q1 2021 | 49,394 | 14,781 | 38,599 | 1,371 | 104,145 |
Q2 2021 | 42,716 | 41,990 | 54,841 | 2,444 | 141,991 |
Q3 2021 | 23,055 | 88,903 | 91,684 | 2,101 | 205,743 |
Q4 2021 | 21,183 | 127,261 | 135,686 | 3,257 | 287,387 |
Q1 2022 | 5,049 | 141,424 | 143,223 | 1,496 | 291,192 |
Q2 2022 | 0 | 173,124 | 180,296 | 1,601 | 355,021 |
Q3 2022 | 0 | 278,554 | 258,610 | 1,540 | 538,704 |
Q4 2022 | 0 | 343,047 | 329,011 | 1,382 | 673,440 |
Q1 2023 | 0 | 283,270 | 264,647 | 4,159 | 552,076 |
Q2 2023 | 0 | 348,081 | 352,163 | 3,317 | 703,561 |
Q3 2023 | 0 | 390,491 | 431,603 | 1,907 | 824,001 |
Q4 2023 | 0 | 416,242 | 526,409 | 2,128 | 944,779 |
Q1 2024 | 0 | 318,720 | 291,730 | 1,865 | 612,315 |
Reference: BYD Company monthly announcements |
Milestones
Milestone[62][256] | Date |
---|---|
1,000,000th NEV production | 19 May 2021 |
2,000,000th NEV production | May 2022 |
3,000,000th NEV production | 16 November 2022 |
5,000,000th NEV production | 3 August 2023 |
6,000,000th NEV production | 24 November 2023 |
7,000,000th NEV production | 25 March 2024[257] |
See also
- List of automobile manufacturers of China
- Automotive industry in China
- BYD Company
- List of BYD Auto vehicles
- Plug-in electric vehicles in China
- List of production battery electric vehicles
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