Demographic history of Montenegro
The demographic history of Montenegro can be shown through census results and official documents which mention demographic composition.
Medieval
Duklja, today's southern half of Montenegro, under Stefan Vojislav, was inhabited by Serbs.[1]
Various documents listed that the inhabitants of Medieval Doclea or Zeta were Serbs, but also minor populations of Latins, Albanians and Vlachs. The language in usage was primarily the Old Slavonic, while in the early stages Latin also had importance and Greek to an extent among the high-class members of the society.
Between the 15th and 17th century, Montenegro had little history on paper. During these years, hundreds of families from Montenegro moved to Rascia which Serbs left to sought refuge in Habsburg Monarchy.
1614
18th century
The ethnic composition in the 18th century was clear among the Slavs;
- In a letter to Eastern Church, of the honorable and glorious Slav-Serb kin".
- Jovan Stefanov Balevic, of the
- Metropolitan Sava called his people, the Montenegrins, by the "Serbian nation" (1766).[4]
- In June 1789, Serb Montenegrin community: "We Serbs Montenegrins hope that we shall not be left without help" and "If we could have organization and munition, we would liberate our glorious Serb lands entirely from the Barbarian yoke (Ottoman Empire), together with our armed Serb brothers who aim to attack this enemy from all sides."
19th century
- According to the census conducted in 1863 and 1864, the Principality of Montenegro had a total of 196.230 inhabitants, 99.889 male and 96.339 female.[5]
- Bernard Schwartz estimated in 1882 that the Princedom of Montenegro had 160,000 inhabitants. Although, a more usual estimate is that it was around 230,000 inhabitants.
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1862
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1880
1900
In 1900, according to international sources, the Principality of Montenegro had 311,564 inhabitants. By religion:
- 293,527 Orthodox Christians (94.21%)
- 12,493 Muslims (4.01%)
- 5,544 Roman Catholic Christians (1.78%)
By literacy:
- 77% illiterate
- 71,528 (23%) literate
The Princedom had around 5,000 Albanians and a colony of 800 Romani.
1905-1909
In 1905 there were 6,674 emigrants, mostly to the United States.
In 1906 there were 4,346 emigrants, mostly to the United States.
In 1907 it has been estimated that there were around 282,000 inhabitants in Montenegro this year.
1909
The 1909 official census was made based on religious affiliation of population of Principality of Montenegro.
Total: 317,856 inhabitants. By religion:
- Eastern Orthodox Christians: 94.38%
- others (mostly Muslims)
1913-1914
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1913
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1914
1921
In 1918 Montenegro entered the
, which are categorized in official statistics as Montenegro, there were:Total: 199,227 inhabitants
- Serbo-Croatian: 181,989 (91.35%)
- Albanian: 16,838 (8.45%)
The counties Berane and Bijelo Polje, which are today in Montenegro, were considered counties of Old Serbia:
- Berane, total 23,864 inhabitants, Serbs 23,561 or (98.73%)
- Bijelo Polje, total 26,147 inhabitants, Serbs 26,136 (99.96%)
1931
The 1931 census was also taken by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia but was later processed in Communist Yugoslavia. Results within today's borders of Montenegro were:
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1931
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1931
1948
In 1945, after the World War II, Communist Yugoslavia was formed, and Montenegro was proclaimed as one of its constituent republics. The 1948 and following censa were taken by the Republic of Montenegro.
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by counties and cities 1948
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by counties and cities 1948
1953
This census witnesses the forming of the Yugoslav nation.
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by counties and cities 1953
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by counties and cities 1953
1961
The 1961 census results:
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Share of Montenegrins in Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Share of Serbs in Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Share of Muslims in Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Share of Albanians in Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Share of Croats in Montenegro by settlements 1961
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1961
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1961
In 1968 the Communist Yugoslav government introduced a new category,
1971
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1971
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1971
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Share of Montenegrins in Montenegro by settlements 1971
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Share of Serbs in Montenegro by settlements 1971
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Share of Muslims in Montenegro by settlements 1971
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Share of Albanians in Montenegro by settlements 1971
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1971
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1971
1981
The 1981 census results:
Total: 584,310 inhabitants
- Montenegrins: 400,488 (68.54%)
- ethnic Muslims: 78,080 (13.36%)
- Albanians: 37,735 (6.46%)
- Yugoslavs: 31,243 (5.35%)
- Serbs: 19,407 (3.32%)
- Croats: 6,904 (1.81%)
- Roma: 1,471 (0.25%)
- Macedonian: 875 (0.15%)
- Slovenes: 564 (0.1%)
- Hungarians: 238 (0.04%)
- Germans: 107 (0.02%)
- Russians: 96 (0.02%)
- Italians: 45 (0.01%)
- Other: 816 (0.14%)
- No response: 301 (0.05%)
- Regional affiliation: 1,602 (0.27%)
- Unknown: 4,338 (0.74%)
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Share of Montenegrins in Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Share of Serbs in Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Share of Muslims in Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Share of Albanians in Montenegro by settlements 1981
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1981
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1981
1991
The 1991 census results:
Total: 615,035 inhabitants
Ethnic structure
- Montenegrins: 380,467 (61.86%)
- ethnic Muslims: 89,614 (14.57%)
- Serbs: 57,453 (9.34%)
- Albanians: 40,415 (6.57%)
- Yugoslavs: 26,159 (4.25%)
- Croats: 6,244 (1.02%)
- Roma: 3,282 (0.53%)
- Macedonian: 1,072 (0.17%)
- Slovenes: 369 (0.06%)
- Hungarians: 205 (0.03%)
- Germans: 124 (0.02%)
- Russians: 118 (0.02%)
- Italians: 58 (0.01%)
- Other: 437 (0.07%)
- No response: 1,944 (0.32%)
- Regional affiliation: 998 (0.16%)
- Unknown: 6,076 (0.99%)
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Share of Montenegrins in Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Share of Serbs in Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Share of Muslims in Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Share of Albanians in Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1991
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1991
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1991
Linguistic structure
- Serbian: 510,320
- Montenegrin: 144,838
- Albanian: 43,907 (7.15%)
- 40,008 Muslims declared their language to be Serbian[dubious ], while most declared either Bosniak or Bosnian languages as their mother tongue
Religious structure
- Eastern Orthodox - 425,133
- Montenegrins- 241,728
- Serbs - 196,333
- Muslims - 118,016
- Catholic - 27,153
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements 1991
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1991
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 1991
2003
The 2003 census was undertaken by authorities in Montenegro, which at this time, together with Serbia, constituted Serbia and Montenegro.
Total: 620,145
Ethnic structure
- Montenegrins267,669 (43.16%)
- Serbs 198,414 (31.99%)
- Bosniaks 48,184 (7.77%)
- Albanians 31,163 (5.03%)
- ethnic Muslims24,625 (3.97%)
- Croats 6,811 (1.1%)
- Roma 2,601 (0.42%)
- Yugoslavs 1,860 (0.3%)
- Macedonians819 (0.13%)
- Slovenes 415 (0.07%)
- Hungarians 362 (0.06%)
- Russians 240 (0.04%)
- Egyptians225 (0.04%)
- Italians 127 (0.02%)
- Germans 118 (0.02%)
- Others (i.e. Greeks, Turks, Romanians, Bulgarians) 2,180 (0.35%)
- No response 26,906 (4.34%)
- Regional affiliation 1,258 (0.2%)
- Unknown 6,168 (0.99%)
This census witnessed the forming of the
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Share of Montenegrins in Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Share of Serbs in Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Share of Muslims in Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Share of Albanians in Montenegro by settlements 2003
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
Linguistic structure
- Serbian - 393.740 (63,49%)
- Montenegrin: 136.208 (21,96%)
- Albanian - 32.603 (5,26%)
- Bosniak - 19.906 (3,21%)
- Bosnian - 14.172 (2,29%)
- Croatian - 2.791 (0,45%)
- Roma - 2.602 (0,42%)
- undeclared: 13.902 (2,24%)
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Serbian language in Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Montenegrin language in Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Albanian language in Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
Religious structure
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Religion structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2003
2011
Total: 620,029
Ethnic structure
- Montenegrins278,865 (44.98%)
- Serbs 178,110 (28.73%)
- Bosniaks 53,605 (8.65%)
- Albanians 30,439 (4.91%)
- ethnic Muslims20,537 (3.31%)
- Roma 6,251 (1.01%)
- Croats 6,021 (0.97%)
- Others 46,201 (7.44%)
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Montenegrins by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Serbs by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Bosniaks by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Albanians by settlements, 2011
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Percent of ethnic Muslims by settlements, 2011
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
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Ethnic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
Linguistic structure
- Serbian: 265,895 (42.88%)
- Montenegrin: 229,251 (36.97%)
- Bosnian: 33,077 (5.33%)
- Albanian: 32,671 (5.27%)
- Roma: 5,169 (0.83%)
- Bosniak: 3,662 (0.59%)
- Croatian: 2,791 (0.45%)
- Others: 47,513 (7.68%)
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Serbian language in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Montenegrin language in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Bosnian language in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Albanian language in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
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Linguistic structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
Religious structure
- Eastern Orthodox - 446,858 (72.07%)
- Muslims - 118,477 (19.11%)
- Catholic - 21,299 (3.44%)
- Others 27,756 (5.38%)
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Religious structure of Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Orthodox faith in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Islamic faith in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Percent of Catholic faith in Montenegro by settlements, 2011
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
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Religious structure of Montenegro by municipalities 2011
See also
Sources
- Montenegrin Census' from 1909 to 2003
- The Ethnic Structure of the Population in Montenegro
- "Petar I Petrovic' - DJELA" publisher CID Podgorica 1999 year, printed by "Vojna tamparija" - Beograd
- "Statistički Godišnjak 2006" - Statistical Office of Montenegro
References
- ^ The Early Medieval Balkans by John Van Antwerp Fine, 1983
- ^ "MONTENEGRINA - digital library of Montenegrin culture and heritage".
- ^ a b Short historic-geographical description of Montenegro- Jovan Stefanov Balevic
- ISBN 9781556660535.
Sava Petrovich [...] Serbian nation (nacion)
- ^ Sundečić, Jovan, ed. (1865). Orlić: Crnogorski godišnjak stari i novi za prostu godinu 1865. Cetinje: Kneževska pečatnja. p. 75.