Doubly articulated consonant
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Doubly articulated consonants are consonants with two simultaneous primary
Possibilities for double articulation
There are four independently controllable articulations that may double up in the same manner of articulation: labial, coronal, dorsal, and pharyngeal. (The glottis controls phonation, and works simultaneously with many consonants. It is not normally considered an articulator, and an ejective [kʼ], with simultaneous closure of the velum and glottis, is not considered a doubly articulated consonant.)
No claims have ever been made for doubly articulated
Double articulation in stops
This leaves stops, and both oral and nasal doubly articulated stops are found. However, there is a great asymmetry in the places of their articulation. Of the six possible combinations of labial, coronal, dorsal, and pharyngeal, one is common, and the others vanishingly rare.
- The common articulation is labial–dorsal, which includes
- A second possibility, labial–coronal, is attested phonemically by , have labial–postalveolars as allophones of labial–velars before high front vowels.
- A third possibility, coronal–dorsal, is found marginally in a few languages. consonant sequences, not double articulation.
- The other three possibilities, which would involve the epiglottal consonantsmight combine with coronal or labial consonants.
The Bantu languages
Triple articulation
Triply articulated consonants are only attested as glottalized doubly articulated consonants and clicks, and this can be argued to be an effect of phonation or airstream mechanism rather than as a third articulation, just as other glottalized consonants are not considered to be doubly articulated. The most obvious case are the various types of glottalized clicks mentioned above. Another example is 'unreleased' final /k/ in Vietnamese, which after /u/ or /w/ is often labial–velar [k͡p̚ʔ].
References
- ^ Traill, Anthony. (1985). Phonetic and Phonological Studies of !Xóõ Bushman. (Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung, 1). Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
- ^ a b c Didier Demolin, Bernard Teston (September 1997). "Phonetic characteristics of double articulations in some Mangbutu-Efe languages" (PDF). International Speech Communication Association: 803–806.
- ^ Al-Gariri, Husam Saeed Salem Al-Gariri (2022). Prenasalized Stops in Iha: an acoustic analysis of allophonic variation. University of Amsterdam.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20060225135700/http://ling.uta.edu/~jerry/best.pdf
- Peter Ladefoged and Ian Maddieson, The Sounds of the World's Languages. Blackwell Publishers, 1996. ISBN 0-631-19815-6