Co-articulated consonant

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Co-articulated consonant" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

IPA: Co-articulated consonants
Plosive k͡p ⓘ ɡ͡b ⓘ q͡p ⓘ Nasal ŋ͡m ⓘ Fricative/ approximant ʍ ⓘ w ⓘ ɥ ⓘ ɧ ⓘ ɫ ⓘ Implosive ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ⓘ ɠ͡ɓ ⓘ
IPA help audio help full chart template

Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation. They may be divided into two classes: doubly articulated consonants with two primary places of articulation of the same manner (both stop, or both nasal, etc.), and consonants with secondary articulation, that is, a second articulation not of the same manner.^[1]: 328

Doubly articulated consonants

An example of a doubly articulated consonant is the

(a [k]) and at the lips (a [p]).

In practically all languages of the world that have doubly articulated consonants, these are either

labial-velars

.

Consonants with secondary articulation

An example of a consonant with secondary articulation is the voiceless

rounding of the lips.

There is a large number of common secondary articulations. The most frequently encountered are

like [tˤ]).

Distinction between the two classes

As might be expected from the approximant-like nature of secondary articulation, it is not always easy to tell whether a co-articulated

that could be transcribed as [ɰʷ].

Similar phones

The glottis controls phonation, and works simultaneously with many consonants. It is not normally considered an articulator, and an ejective such as [kʼ], with simultaneous closure of the velum and glottis, is not normally considered to be a co-articulated consonant.

See also

• List of phonetics topics
• Gemination

References