The velopharyngeal fricatives, also known as the posterior nasal fricatives, are a family of sounds sound produced by some children with speech disorders, including some with a
A velopharyngeal fricative trill or "snort" (much as
epiglottal
fricatives tend to be trilled):
voiceless [𝼀]
voiced [𝼀̬]
Other consonants accompanied by velopharyngeal frication, such as [s͌] = [s𐞐],[5] potentially transcribed with an additional ⟨𐞪⟩ to overtly indicate accompanying trill.
Velopharyngeal frication
◌͌
◌𐞐
The letter for the trill was only adopted in 2015; before then the letter ⟨ʩ⟩ stood for both. Some authorities describe the trilled velopharyngeals as being accompanied by
uvular trill
rather than velar flutter. Whether this is a difference in interpretation or of pronunciation, it would be explicitly transcribed with a superscript ⟨ʀ⟩: voiceless [ʩ𐞪] and voiced [ʩ̬𐞪].
^Martin Duckworth, George Allen, William Hardcastle & Martin Ball (1990) 'Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech'. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 4: 4, p. 276.
