Doctor Who
Doctor Who | |
---|---|
Single-camera (2005–pres.) | |
Running time | |
Production companies | BBC1[c] |
Release | 23 November 1963 6 December 1989 | –
Network | Fox / BBC1[d] |
Release | 14 May 1996 | / 27 May 1996
Network | BBC One[e] |
Release | 26 March 2005 present | –
Network | Disney+[f] |
Release | 25 November 2023 present | –
Related | |
Whoniverse |
Doctor Who is a British
Beginning with William Hartnell, fourteen actors have headlined the series as the Doctor; as of 2024[update], Ncuti Gatwa leads the series as the Fifteenth Doctor. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the series with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation, a plot device in which, when a Time Lord is fatally injured, their cells regenerate and they are reincarnated. Each actor's portrayal is distinct, but all represent stages in the life of the same character and, together, they form a single lifetime with a single narrative. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet. In 2017, Jodie Whittaker, as the Thirteenth Doctor, became the first woman to be cast in the lead role.
The series is a significant part of popular culture in Britain[2] and elsewhere; it has gained a cult following. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series.[3] Fans of the series are sometimes referred to as Whovians. The series has been listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running science-fiction television series in the world,[4] as well as the "most successful" science-fiction series of all time, based on its overall broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales.[5]
The series originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a
Premise
Doctor Who follows the adventures of the title character, a rogue
Across time and space, the Doctor's many incarnations often find events that pique their curiosity, and try to prevent evil forces from harming innocent people or changing history, using only ingenuity and minimal resources, such as the versatile
History
Doctor Who was originally intended to appeal to a family audience
On 31 July 1963, Whitaker commissioned
We had to rely on the story because there was little we could do with the effects. Star Wars in a way was the turning point. Once Star Wars had happened, Doctor Who effectively was out of date from that moment on really, judged by that level of technological expertise.
—Philip Hinchcliffe, producer of Doctor Who from 1974 to 1977, on why the "classic series" eventually fell behind other science fiction in production values and reputation, leading to its cancellation[17]
The BBC drama department produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on
While in-house production concluded, the BBC explored an independent production company to relaunch the series.
Licensed media such as novels and audio plays provided
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Peter_Davison%2C_Sylvester_McCoy%2C_Colin_Baker_%2824_November_2013%29_%282%29.jpg/220px-Peter_Davison%2C_Sylvester_McCoy%2C_Colin_Baker_%2824_November_2013%29_%282%29.jpg)
Starring Christopher Eccleston as the Doctor, Doctor Who returned with the episode "Rose" on BBC One on 26 March 2005, after a 16-year hiatus of in-house production.[27] Eccleston left after one series and was replaced by David Tennant.[28] Davies left the production team in 2009.[29] Steven Moffat, a writer under Davies, was announced as his successor, along with Matt Smith as the new Doctor.[30] Smith decided to leave the role of the Doctor in 2013, the 50th anniversary year.[31] He was replaced by Peter Capaldi.[32]
In January 2016, Moffat announced that he would step down after the 2017 finale, to be replaced by Chris Chibnall in 2018.[33] Jodie Whittaker, the first female Doctor, appeared in three series, the last of which was shortened due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[34]
Both Whittaker and Chibnall announced that they would depart the series after a series of specials in 2022.
The programme has been sold to many other countries worldwide (
).Public consciousness
It has been claimed that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy the previous day; in fact, it went out after a delay of eighty seconds.[38] The BBC believed that coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts across the country, had caused many viewers to miss this introduction to a new series, and it was broadcast again on 30 November 1963, just before episode two.[39][40]
The programme soon became a national institution in the United Kingdom, with a large following among the general viewing audience.[42][43] The show received controversy over the suitability of the series for children. Morality campaigner Mary Whitehouse repeatedly complained to the BBC over what she saw as the programme's violent, frightening and gory content. According to Radio Times, the series "never had a more implacable foe than Mary Whitehouse".[44]
A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence ("any act[s] which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental"), Doctor Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.[45] The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience believed the series was "very unsuitable" for family viewing.[46] Responding to the findings of the survey in The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, "to compare the violence of Dr Who, sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare, with the more realistic violence of other television series, where actors who look like human beings bleed paint that looks like blood, is like comparing Monopoly with the property market in London: both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously."[45]
During Jon Pertwee's second season as the Doctor, in the serial Terror of the Autons (1971), images of murderous plastic dolls, daffodils killing unsuspecting victims, and blank-featured policemen marked the apex of the series' ability to frighten children.[47] Other notable moments in that decade include a disembodied brain falling to the floor in The Brain of Morbius[48] and the Doctor apparently being drowned by a villain in The Deadly Assassin (both 1976).[49] Mary Whitehouse's complaint about the latter incident prompted a change in BBC policy towards the series, with much tighter controls imposed on the production team,[50] and the series' next producer, Graham Williams, was under a directive to take out "anything graphic in the depiction of violence".[51] John Nathan-Turner produced the series during the 1980s and said in the documentary More Than Thirty Years in the TARDIS that he looked forward to Whitehouse's comments because the ratings of the series would increase soon after she had made them. Nathan-Turner also got into trouble with BBC executives over the violence he allowed to be depicted for season 22 of the series in 1985, which was publicly criticised by controller Michael Grade and given as one of his reasons for suspending the series for 18 months.[52]
The phrase "
The image of the
The 21st-century revival of the programme became the centrepiece of BBC One's Saturday schedule and "defined the channel".
On 4 August 2013, a live programme titled Doctor Who Live: The Next Doctor[69] was broadcast on BBC One, during which the actor who was going to play the Twelfth Doctor was revealed.[70] The live show was watched by an average of 6.27 million in the UK, and was also simulcast in the United States, Canada and Australia.[71][72]
Episodes
Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or "serial")—usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years.
The programme was intended to be educational and for family viewing on the early Saturday evening schedule.[83] It initially alternated stories set in the past, which taught younger audience members about history, and with those in the future or outer space, focusing on science.[83] This was also reflected in the Doctor's original companions, one of whom was a science teacher and another a history teacher.[83]
However, science fiction stories came to dominate the programme, and the history-oriented episodes, which were not popular with the production team,[83] were dropped after The Highlanders (1967). While the show continued to use historical settings, they were generally used as a backdrop for science fiction tales,[84][85] with one exception: Black Orchid (1982), set in 1920s England.[86]
The early stories were serialised in nature, with the narrative of one story flowing into the next and each episode having its own title, although produced as distinct stories with their own production codes.[87] Following The Gunfighters (1966), however, each serial was given its own title, and the individual parts were assigned episode numbers.[87]
Of the programme's
The serial format changed for the
883 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes (the most common format for the classic era), 45/50-minute episodes (for .
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show, a special 3D episode, "The Day of the Doctor", was broadcast in 2013.[92] In March 2013, it was announced that Tennant and Piper would be returning[93] and that the episode would have a limited cinematic release worldwide.[94]
In June 2017, it was announced that due to the terms of a deal between
Missing episodes
Between 1967 and 1978, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries was either destroyed[h] or wiped. This included many early episodes of Doctor Who, those stories featuring the first two Doctors: William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton. In all, 97 of 253 episodes produced during the programme's first six years are not held in the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, and 5, from which 79 episodes are missing).[97][98] In 1972, almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC,[99] while by 1978 the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies had been brought to a stop.[100]
No 1960s episodes exist on their original videotapes (all surviving prints being film transfers), though some were transferred to film for editing before transmission and exist in their broadcast form.[101]
Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries that bought prints for broadcast or by private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans have also been retrieved, as well as excerpts filmed from the television screen onto 8 mm cine film and clips that were shown on other programmes. Audio versions of all lost episodes exist from home viewers who made tape recordings of the show. Short clips from every story with the exception of Marco Polo (1964), "Mission to the Unknown" (1965) and The Massacre (1966) also exist.
In addition to these, there are off-screen photographs made by photographer
One of the most sought-after lost episodes is part four of the last William Hartnell serial, The Tenth Planet (1966), which ends with the First Doctor transforming into the Second.[103] The only portion of this in existence, barring a few poor-quality silent 8 mm clips, is the few seconds of the regeneration scene, as it was shown on the children's magazine show Blue Peter. With the approval of the BBC, efforts are now underway to restore as many of the episodes as possible from the extant material.[citation needed]
"Official" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS, on MP3
In April 2006, Blue Peter launched a challenge to find missing Doctor Who episodes with the promise of a full-scale Dalek model as a reward.[106] In December 2011, it was announced that part 3 of Galaxy 4 (1965) and part 2 of The Underwater Menace (1967) had been returned to the BBC by a fan who had purchased them in the mid-1980s without realising that the BBC did not hold copies of them.[107]
On 10 October 2013, the BBC announced that films of eleven episodes, including nine missing episodes, had been found in a Nigerian television relay station in Jos.[108] Six of the eleven films discovered were the six-part serial The Enemy of the World (1968), from which all but the third episode had been missing.[109] The remaining films were from another six-part serial, The Web of Fear (1968), and included the previously missing episodes 2, 4, 5 and 6. Episode 3 of The Web of Fear is still missing.[110]
Characters
The Doctor
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Versions_of_the_Doctor.jpg/220px-Versions_of_the_Doctor.jpg)
The Doctor was initially shrouded in mystery. In the programme's early days, the character was an eccentric alien traveller of great intelligence who battled injustice while exploring time and space in an unreliable
The initially irascible and slightly sinister Doctor quickly mellowed into a more compassionate figure and was eventually revealed to be a Time Lord, whose race are from the planet Gallifrey, which the Doctor fled by stealing the TARDIS.[112][113]
Changes of appearance
Producers introduced the concept of regeneration to permit the recasting of the main character. This was prompted by the poor health of the original star, William Hartnell.[114][115] The term "regeneration" was not conceived until the Doctor's third on-screen regeneration; Hartnell's Doctor merely described undergoing a "renewal", and the Second Doctor underwent a "change of appearance".[116][117] The device has allowed for the recasting of the actor various times in the show's history, as well as the depiction of alternative Doctors either from the Doctor's relative past or future.[118]
The serials The Deadly Assassin (1976) and Mawdryn Undead (1983) established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations.[119][120] This line became stuck in the public consciousness despite not often being repeated and was recognised by producers of the show as a plot obstacle for when the show finally had to regenerate the Doctor a thirteenth time.[119][121] The episode "The Time of the Doctor" (2013) depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations, starting from the Twelfth Doctor, due to the Eleventh Doctor being the product of the Doctor's twelfth regeneration from his original set.[122]
Although the idea of casting a woman as the Doctor had been suggested by the show's writers several times, including by Newman in 1986 and Davies in 2008, until 2017, all official depictions were played by men.[123][124] Jodie Whittaker took over the role as the Thirteenth Doctor at the end of the 2017 Christmas special and is the first woman to be cast as the character.[125] The show introduced the Time Lords' ability to change sex on regeneration in earlier episodes, first in dialogue, then with Michelle Gomez's version of The Master[126][127] and T'Nia Miller's version of The General.[128]
Upon Jodie Whittaker's final appearance as the character in "The Power of the Doctor" on 23 October 2022, she regenerated into a form portrayed by David Tennant, who was confirmed to be the Fourteenth Doctor and the first actor to play two incarnations. In the same year, Ncuti Gatwa was revealed to be portraying the Fifteenth Doctor, making him the first black actor to headline the series.[129][130]
Series lead | Incarnation | Tenure[j] |
---|---|---|
William Hartnell | First Doctor | 1963–1966 |
Patrick Troughton | Second Doctor | 1966–1969 |
Jon Pertwee | Third Doctor | 1970–1974 |
Tom Baker | Fourth Doctor | 1974–1981 |
Peter Davison | Fifth Doctor | 1982–1984 |
Colin Baker | Sixth Doctor | 1984–1986 |
Sylvester McCoy | Seventh Doctor | 1987–1989 |
Paul McGann | Eighth Doctor | 1996 |
Christopher Eccleston | Ninth Doctor | 2005 |
David Tennant | Tenth Doctor | 2005–2010 |
Matt Smith | Eleventh Doctor | 2010–2013 |
Peter Capaldi | Twelfth Doctor | 2014–2017 |
Jodie Whittaker | Thirteenth Doctor | 2018–2022 |
David Tennant | Fourteenth Doctor | 2023 |
Ncuti Gatwa | Fifteenth Doctor | 2023–present |
In addition to those actors who have headlined the series, others have portrayed versions of the Doctor in guest roles. Notably, in 2013,
On rare occasions, other actors have stood in for the lead. In "The Five Doctors", Richard Hurndall played the First Doctor due to William Hartnell's death in 1975;[135] 34 years later David Bradley similarly replaced Hartnell in "Twice Upon a Time".[136] In Time and the Rani, Sylvester McCoy briefly played the Sixth Doctor during the regeneration sequence, carrying on as the Seventh.[137] In other media, the Doctor has been played by various other actors, including Peter Cushing in two films.[138]
The casting of a new Doctor has often inspired debate and speculation. Common topics of focus include the Doctor's sex (prior to the casting of Whittaker, all official incarnations were male), race (all Doctors were white prior to the casting of Jo Martin in "Fugitive of the Judoon") and age (the youngest actor to be cast is Smith at 26, and the oldest are Capaldi and Hartnell, both 55).[139][140][141]
Meetings of different incarnations
There have been instances of actors returning later to reprise their specific Doctor's role. In 1973's The Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee. For 1983's "The Five Doctors", Troughton and Pertwee returned to star with Peter Davison, and Tom Baker appeared in previously unseen footage from the uncompleted Shada serial. For this episode, Richard Hurndall replaced William Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's The Two Doctors with Colin Baker.[135]
In 2007, Peter Davison returned in the Children in Need short "Time Crash" alongside David Tennant.[142] In "The Name of the Doctor" (2013), the Eleventh Doctor meets a previously unseen incarnation of himself, subsequently revealed to be the War Doctor.[131] In the following episode, "The Day of the Doctor", David Tennant's Tenth Doctor appeared alongside Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor and John Hurt as the War Doctor, as well as brief footage of all the previous actors.[143] In 2017, the First Doctor (this time portrayed by David Bradley) returned alongside Peter Capaldi in "The Doctor Falls" and "Twice Upon a Time".[136]
In 2020's "Fugitive of the Judoon", Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor meets Jo Martin's incarnation of the Doctor, subsequently known as the Fugitive Doctor; they later interact in "The Timeless Children" later that year and "Once, Upon Time" in 2021. In her final episode, "The Power of the Doctor" (2022), Whittaker interacts with the Guardians of the Edge, manifestations of the Doctor's First (Bradley), Fifth (Davison), Sixth (Colin Baker), Seventh (McCoy), and Eighth (McGann) incarnations.[144] Additionally, multiple incarnations of the Doctor have met in various audio dramas and novels based on the television show.[145]
Companions
The companion figure – generally a human – has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963. One of the roles of the companion is to be a reminder for the Doctor's "moral duty".
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Matt_Smith_and_Karen_Gillan_at_Salford_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Matt_Smith_and_Karen_Gillan_at_Salford_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Since the 2005 revival, the Doctor generally travels with a primary female companion, who occupies a larger narrative role. Steven Moffat described the companion as the main character of the show, as the story begins anew with each companion and she undergoes more change than the Doctor.
Some companions have gone on to reappear, either in the main series or in spin-offs. Sarah Jane Smith became the central character in The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–2011) following a return to Doctor Who in 2006. Guest stars in the series include former companions Jo Grant, K9, and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (Nicholas Courtney).[163] The character of Jack Harkness also served to launch a spin-off, Torchwood (2006–2011), in which Martha Jones also appeared.[164]
Foes
When Sydney Newman commissioned the series, he specifically did not want to perpetuate the cliché of the "
With the show's 2005 revival, executive producer Russell T Davies stated his intention to reintroduce the classic monsters of Doctor Who.
Daleks
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dalek_%2810634451635%29.jpg/130px-Dalek_%2810634451635%29.jpg)
The Daleks, which first appeared in the show's
The Daleks were created by the writer
Cybermen
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cyberman_from_Doctor_Who_%28529659465%29.jpg/120px-Cyberman_from_Doctor_Who_%28529659465%29.jpg)
Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating cyborgs, with emotions usually only shown when naked aggression was called for. With the demise of Mondas, they acquired Telos as their new home planet. They continue to be a recurring 'monster' within the Doctor Who franchise.[179][180]
The Cybermen have evolved dramatically over the course of the show. They were reintroduced in the 2006 series in the form of alternate universe aliens, with radically different back stories.[181] The standerd Cybermen returned in "Closing Time", though they kept their 2006 design.[182] In the 2020 series, the Cybermen aligned themselves with The Master, and were given the ability to regenerate.[183]
The Master
The Master is the Doctor's
Following the series revival in 2005,
Music
Theme music
The
A different arrangement was recorded by
A new arrangement of the theme, once again by Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, "Voyage of the Damned".[194] Gold returned as composer for the 2010 series, and was responsible for a new version of the theme which was reported to have had a hostile reception from some viewers.[195] In 2011, the theme tune charted at number 228 of radio station Classic FM's Hall of Fame, a survey of classical music tastes. A revised version of Gold's 2010 arrangement had its debut over the opening titles of the 2012 Christmas special "The Snowmen", and a further revision of the arrangement was made for the 50th-anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" in November 2013.[196]
Versions of the "Doctor Who Theme" have also been released as pop music. In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, "Who Is the Doctor".
On 26 June 2018, producer Chris Chibnall announced that the musical score for
Incidental music
Most of the innovative incidental music for Doctor Who has been specially commissioned from freelance composers, although in the early years some episodes also used
The incidental music for the first Doctor Who adventure, An Unearthly Child, was written by Norman Kay. Many of the stories of the William Hartnell period were scored by electronic music pioneer Tristram Cary, whose Doctor Who credits include The Daleks, Marco Polo, The Daleks' Master Plan, The Gunfighters and The Mutants. Other composers in this early period included Richard Rodney Bennett, Carey Blyton and Geoffrey Burgon.[citation needed]
The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979). He also made a cameo appearance in The Talons of Weng-Chiang (as a Music hall conductor).[199]
In 1980 starting with the serial
From the 2005 revival to the 2017 Christmas episode "
Six soundtracks have been released since 2005. The
In 2013, a 50th-anniversary boxed set of audio CDs was released featuring music and sound effects from Doctor Who's 50-year history. The celebration continued in 2016 with the release of Doctor Who: The 50th Anniversary Collection Four LP Box Set by New York City-based Spacelab9. The company pressed 1,000 copies of the set on "Metallic Silver" vinyl, dubbed the "Cyberman Edition".[208]
Viewership
United Kingdom
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/MCM_Expo_Oct_2009_-_TARDIS_%284042460628%29.jpg/220px-MCM_Expo_Oct_2009_-_TARDIS_%284042460628%29.jpg)
Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the first episode of Doctor Who was repeated with the second episode the following week.[209][210] Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel, where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers;[211][212] The programme's popularity has waxed and waned over the decades, with three notable periods of high ratings.[213] The first of these was the "Dalekmania" period (c. 1964–1965), when the popularity of the Daleks regularly brought Doctor Who ratings of between 9 and 14 million, even for stories which did not feature them.[213] The second was the mid to late 1970s, when Tom Baker occasionally drew audiences of over 12 million.[213]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cardiff_-_Dr_Who_Experience.jpg/200px-Cardiff_-_Dr_Who_Experience.jpg)
During the ITV network strike of 1979, viewership peaked at 16 million.[214] Figures remained respectable into the 1980s, but fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985 and the show was off the air for 18 months.[215]
Its late 1980s performance of three to five million viewers was seen as poor at the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control, a leading cause of the programme's 1989 suspension. Some fans considered this disingenuous, since the programme was scheduled against the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, the most popular show at the time.[216][217] During Tennant's run (the third notable period of high ratings), the show had consistently high viewership, with the Christmas specials regularly attracting over 10 million.[213]
The BBC One broadcast of "Rose", the first episode of the 2005 revival, drew an average audience of 10.81 million, third highest for BBC One that week and seventh across all channels.[213][218][219] The current revival also garners the highest audience Appreciation Index of any drama on television.[220]
International
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/DoctorWhoWorld_Map.svg/260px-DoctorWhoWorld_Map.svg.png)
Doctor Who has been broadcast internationally outside of the United Kingdom since 1964, a year after the show first aired. As of November 2013[update], the modern series has been broadcast in more than 50 countries.[221] The 50th anniversary episode, "The Day of the Doctor", was broadcast in 94 countries and screened to more than half a million people in cinemas across Australia, Latin America, North America and Europe. The scope of the broadcast was a world record, according to Guinness World Records.[222]
Doctor Who is one of the five top-grossing titles for
Only four episodes have premiere showings on channels other than BBC One. The 1983 20th-anniversary special "The Five Doctors" had its début on 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations two days before its BBC One broadcast. The 1988 story Silver Nemesis was broadcast with all three episodes airing back to back on TVNZ in New Zealand in November, after the first episode had been shown in the UK but before the final two instalments had aired there.[citation needed]
Starting with the
Oceania
New Zealand was the first country outside the United Kingdom to screen Doctor Who, beginning in September 1964, and continued to screen the series for many years, including the new revived series that aired on
In Australia, the show has had a strong fan base since its inception, having been exclusively first run by the
Americas
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Icons_of_Science_Fiction_-_Doctor_Who%2C_Dalek_%2815197698124%29.jpg/170px-Icons_of_Science_Fiction_-_Doctor_Who%2C_Dalek_%2815197698124%29.jpg)
The series also has a fan base in the United States, where it was shown in syndication from the 1970s to the 1990s, particularly on PBS stations.[229]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/WonderCon_2012_-_Doctor_Who_%287019139071%29.jpg/220px-WonderCon_2012_-_Doctor_Who_%287019139071%29.jpg)
Series three began broadcasting on CBC on 18 June 2007 followed by the second Christmas special, "The Runaway Bride", at midnight,[231] and the Sci Fi Channel began on 6 July 2007, starting with the second Christmas special at 8:00 pm E/P followed by the first episode.[232]
Series four aired in the United States on the Sci Fi Channel (now known as Syfy), beginning in April 2008.[233] It aired on CBC beginning 19 September 2008, although the CBC did not air the "Voyage of the Damned" special.[234] The Canadian cable network Space (now known as CTV Sci-Fi Channel) broadcast "The Next Doctor" (in March 2009) and all subsequent series and specials.[230]
The series was aired in
Asia
Series 1 through 3 of Doctor Who were broadcast on various
Home media
A wide selection of serials is available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS, and BBC Worldwide continues to regularly
Over 600 episodes of the classic series (the first 8 Doctors, from 1963 to 1996) are available to stream on
Adaptations and other appearances
Films
There are two Dr. Who feature films: Dr. Who and the Daleks, released in 1965 and Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. in 1966. Both are retellings of existing television stories (specifically, the first two Dalek serials, The Daleks and The Dalek Invasion of Earth respectively) with a larger budget and alterations to the series concept.[citation needed]
In these films, Peter Cushing plays a human scientist[245] named "Dr. Who" who travels with his granddaughter, niece, and other companions in a time machine he has invented. The Cushing version of the character reappears in both comic strips and a short story, the latter attempting to reconcile the film continuity with that of the series. In addition, several planned films were proposed, including a sequel, The Chase, loosely based on the original series story, for the Cushing Doctor, plus many attempted television movie and big-screen productions to revive the original Doctor Who after the original series was cancelled.[citation needed]
Paul McGann starred in the only television film as the eighth incarnation of the Doctor. After the film, he continued the role in audio dramas and was confirmed as the eighth incarnation through flashback footage and a mini episode in the 2005 revival, effectively linking the two series and the television movie.[citation needed]
In 2011, David Yates announced that he had started work with the BBC on a Doctor Who film, a project that would take three or more years to complete. Yates indicated that the film would take a different approach from Doctor Who,[246] although then showrunner Steven Moffat stated later that any such film would not be a reboot of the series and that a film should be made by the BBC team and star the current TV Doctor.[247]
Spin-offs
Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s,
A pilot episode ("
Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled Torchwood (an anagram of "Doctor Who"), set in modern-day Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three on 22 October 2006.[250] John Barrowman reprised his role of Jack Harkness from the 2005 series of Doctor Who.[251] Two other actresses who appeared in Doctor Who also star in the series: Eve Myles as Gwen Cooper, who played the similarly named servant girl Gwyneth in the 2005 Doctor Who episode "The Unquiet Dead",[252] and Naoko Mori, who reprised her role as Toshiko Sato, first seen in "Aliens of London". A second series of Torchwood aired in 2008; for three episodes, the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman reprising her Doctor Who role of Martha Jones. A third series was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-part story called Children of Earth which was set largely in London. A fourth series, Torchwood: Miracle Day jointly produced by BBC Wales, BBC Worldwide and the American entertainment company Starz debuted in 2011. The series was predominantly set in the United States, though Wales remained part of the show's setting.[citation needed]
The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith, was developed by CBBC; a special aired on New Year's Day 2007, and a full series began on 24 September 2007.[253] A second series followed in 2008, featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart.[254][255] A third in 2009 featured a crossover appearance from the main show by David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor.[256][257] In 2010, a fourth season featured Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning reprising her role as Jo Grant.[258] A final, three-story fifth series was transmitted in autumn 2011 – uncompleted due to Sladen's death in early 2011.[259]
An animated serial, The Infinite Quest, aired alongside the 2007 series of Doctor Who as part of the children's television series Totally Doctor Who. The serial featured the voices of series regulars David Tennant and Freema Agyeman but is not considered part of the 2007 series.[260] A second animated serial, Dreamland, aired in six parts on the BBC Red Button service, and the official Doctor Who website in 2009.[261]
Class, featuring students of Coal Hill School, was first aired on-line on BBC Three from 22 October 2016, as a series of eight 45 minute episodes, written by Patrick Ness.[262][263] Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor appears in the show's first episode.[citation needed] The series was picked up by BBC America on 8 January 2016 and by BBC One a day later.[264] On 7 September 2017, BBC Three controller Damian Kavanagh confirmed that the series had officially been cancelled.[265]
On 27 January 2023, Russell T Davies confirmed via GQ that future Doctor Who spin-offs were in the works. It is currently unknown what form these spin-offs will take,[266][267][268] aside from one centering around UNIT and starring Jemma Redgrave as Kate Stewart.[269][270]
Numerous other spin-off series have been created not by the BBC but by the respective owners of the characters and concepts. Such spin-offs include the novel and audio drama series
Aftershows
When the revived series of Doctor Who was brought back, an aftershow series was created by the BBC, titled Doctor Who Confidential. There have been three aftershow series created, with the latest one titled Doctor Who: The Fan Show, which began airing from the tenth series. Each series follows behind-the-scenes footage on the making of Doctor Who through clips and interviews with the cast, production crew and other people, including those who have participated in the television series in some manner. Each episode deals with a different topic, and in most cases refers to the Doctor Who episode that preceded it.[citation needed]
Series | Episodes | First aired | Last aired | Narrator / Presenter |
---|---|---|---|---|
Doctor Who Confidential | 87 | 26 March 2005 | 1 October 2011 | David Tennant (2005) Simon Pegg (2005) Mark Gatiss (2005–2006) Anthony Head (2006–2010) Noel Clarke (2009) Alex Price (2010) Russell Tovey (2010–2011) |
Doctor Who Extra | 90 | 23 August 2014 | 5 December 2015 | Matt Botten Rufus Hound Matt Lucas Charity Wakefield |
Doctor Who: The Fan Show | 166 | 8 May 2015 | 3 August 2018 | Christel Dee (main host) Luke Spillane (co-host) |
Doctor Who: Access All Areas | 10 | 13 October 2018 | 13 December 2018 | Yinka Bokinni |
Doctor Who: Unleashed | 13 (+1 supplemental) | 17 November 2023 | present | Steffan Powell |
Charity episodes and appearances
In 1983, coinciding with the series' 20th anniversary, "The Five Doctors" was shown as part of the annual BBC Children in Need Appeal, however it was not a charity-based production, simply scheduled within the line-up of Friday 25 November 1983. This was the programme's first co-production with Australian broadcaster ABC.[273] At 90 minutes long it was the longest single episode of Doctor Who produced to date. It featured three of the first five Doctors, a new actor to replace the deceased William Hartnell, and unused footage to represent Tom Baker.[274]
In 1993, for the franchise's 30th anniversary, another charity special,
In 1999, another special,
Since the return of Doctor Who in 2005, the franchise has produced two original "mini-episodes" to support Children in Need. The first, which aired in November 2005, was an untitled seven-minute scene introducing David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor. It was followed in November 2007 by "Time Crash", a 7-minute scene that featured the Tenth Doctor meeting the Fifth Doctor, Peter Davison.[277]
A set of two mini-episodes, titled
Spoofs and cultural references
Doctor Who has been satirised and spoofed on many occasions by comedians including
There have also been
Doctor Who has been a reference in several political cartoons, from a 1964 cartoon in the Daily Mail depicting Charles de Gaulle as a Dalek[289] to a 2008 edition of This Modern World by Tom Tomorrow in which the Tenth Doctor informs an incredulous character from 2003 that the Democratic Party will nominate an African-American as its presidential candidate.[290]
The word "TARDIS" is an entry in the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.[291]
Audio
The earliest Doctor Who–related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor.[292] The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading of the Fourth Doctor story State of Decay in 1981. In 1988, during a hiatus in the television show, Slipback, the first radio drama, was transmitted.[293]
Since 1999,
The main range,
In 2022, BBC Sounds began airing Doctor Who: Redacted, a podcast written by Juno Dawson and starring Charlie Craggs and Jodie Whittaker. The podcast focuses on a trio of friends who host a paranormal conspiracy podcast, "The Blue Box Files", and end up getting involved in much more than they expected.[301][302] The podcast was later renewed for a second series.[303]
Books
Doctor Who books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day. From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched, the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures. Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005, a new range of novels has been published by BBC Books. Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published,[citation needed] and a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine (DWM) with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979: DWM is recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest running TV tie-in magazine, celebrating 40 years of continuous publication on 11 October 2019.[304] This is published by Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans.[305]
Video games
Numerous Doctor Who
Another video game instalment is Lego Dimensions – in which Doctor Who is one of the many "Level Packs" in the game. The pack contains the Twelfth Doctor (who can reincarnate into the others), K9, the TARDIS and a Victorian London adventure level area. The game and pack released in November 2015.[308]
Doctor Who: Battle of Time was a digital collectible card game developed by Bandai Namco Entertainment and released for iOS and Android.[309] It was soft-launched on 30 May 2018 in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Thailand, but was shutdown on 26 November of that same year.[310]
Doctor Who Infinity was released on Steam on 7 August 2018.[311] It was nominated for "Best Start-up" at The Independent Game Developers' Association Awards 2018.[312][313]
Chronology and canonicity
Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio plays, interactive video games, game books, webcasts, DVD extras, and stage performances. The BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories, and producers of the show have expressed distaste for the idea of canonicity.[314]
Awards
The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer.[315][316] In 2011, Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor,[317] and in 2016, Michelle Gomez became the first woman to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series, getting a Best Supporting Actress nomination for her work as Missy.[318]
In 2013, the
In 1975,
The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five
It has won the Short Form of the
As a British series, the majority of its nominations and awards have been for national competitions such as the BAFTAs, but it has occasionally received nominations in mainstream American awards, most notably a nomination for "Favorite Sci-Fi Show" in the 2008
See also
- Time travel in fiction
- List of Welsh television series
Notes
- ^ a b Some special episodes have a running time of up to 90 minutes.
- PAL speedup, shortening the running time to 85 minutes.[1]
- ^ Known as BBC TV until 1964
- ^ The 1996 television movie premiered on the Canadian network CITV-DT on 12 May 1996.
- ^ From 2024, new episodes were released online on BBC iPlayer ahead of their television broadcast on BBC One.
- ^ Excluding the United Kingdom and Ireland
- ^ Newman is often given sole creator credit for the series. Some reference works such as The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs 1947–1979 by Vincent Terrace erroneously credit Terry Nation with creating Doctor Who, because of the way his name is credited in the two Peter Cushing films.[15]
- 625-line television systementering use.
- ^ When it became an entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "TARDIS" often came to be used to describe anything that appeared larger on the inside than its exterior implied.
- ^ The years shown cover the actor's tenure as the lead character only.
- ^ Often mistitled "I am the Doctor". Originally released as a 7" vinyl single, plain sleeve, December 1972 on label Purple PUR III
- ^ With the exception of An Unearthly Child[243]
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Cited texts
- ISBN 0-86369-707-0.
- ISBN 0-426-20430-1.
- ISBN 978-0-563-40588-7.
- ISBN 1-903889-51-0.
- ISBN 0-563-48602-3.
Further reading
- Matt Hills. Triumph of a Time Lord: Regenerating "Doctor Who" in the Twenty-First Century (I. B. Tauris, 2010). 261 pages. Discusses the revival of the BBC's Doctor Who in 2005 after it had been off the air as a regular series for more than 15 years; topics include the role of "fandom" in the sci-fi programme's return, and notions of "cult" and "mainstream" in television.
Scholarly views
- Bradshaw, Simon; Keen, Anthony; Sleight, Graham, eds. (2011). The Unsilent Library: Essays on the Russell T. Davies Era of the New Doctor Who. Science Fiction Foundation. ISBN 978-0903007085.
- Chapman, James (2013). Inside the TARDIS: The Worlds of Doctor Who. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1780761404.
- Charles, Alec. "War Without End?: Utopia, the Family, and the Post-9/11 World in Russell T. Davies's Doctor Who". Science Fiction Studies (2008): 450–465.
- Charles, Alec. 2011. "The crack of doom: The uncanny echoes of Steven Moffat's Doctor Who". Science Fiction Film and Television; Vol. 4, Issue 1, Spring 2011. Liverpool University Press. This analysis is framed specifically by the Freudian notion of the uncanny, and suggests that Moffat's work on Doctor Who confronts unconscious perceptions, repressed fears and death itself through storytelling techniques which attempt to connect directly with the audience by deconstructing the distance between material reality and the fantasy space of the series.
- Fisher, R. Michael, and Barbara Bickel. "The Mystery of Dr. Who? On A Road Less Traveled in Art Education". Journal of Social Theory in Art Education 26.1 (2006): 28–57.
- Fiske, John. "Popularity and ideology: A structuralist reading of Dr. Who". Interpreting television: Current research perspectives (1984): 165–198.
- McCormack, Una (2011). "He's Not the Messiah: Undermining Political and Religious Authority in New Doctor Who". In Bradshaw, S., Anthony Keen and Graham Sleight (eds.), The Unsilent Library: Essays on the Russell T. Davies Era of the New Doctor Who. The Science Fiction Foundation.
- Orthia, Lindy A. "Antirationalist critique or fifth column of scientism? Challenges from Doctor Who to the mad scientist trope". Public Understanding of Science 20.4 (2011): 525–542.
- Perryman, Neil. "Doctor Who and the Convergence of Media: A Case Study in Transmedia Storytelling". Convergence 14.1 (2008): 21–39.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Official websites
- Doctor Who at BBC Online
- Official website on BBC
- Official website on Disney+
- Doctor Who at BBC Worldwide
- Archived websites: 1963–1996, 2005–2007, 2008
- Production website Archived 14 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine
Reference websites
- Doctor Who on Tardis Wiki, the Doctor Who Wiki
- Doctor Who Reference Guide – synopses of all media based on the series (1963–2012)
- Doctor Who at IMDb: 1963, 1996, 2005, 2023
- Doctor Who at AllMovie
- Doctor Who collected news and commentary at The Guardian