English Argentines
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100,000 Irish Argentines |
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English Argentines (also known as Anglo-Argentines) are citizens of
The United Kingdom had a strong economic influence in Argentina during the Victorian period.[3] However the position of English Argentines was complicated when their economic influence was finally eroded by
English immigration
English settlers arrived in Buenos Aires in 1806 (then a Spanish colony) in small numbers, mostly as businessmen, when Argentina was an emerging nation and the settlers were welcomed for the stability they brought to commercial life. As the 19th century progressed more English families arrived, and many bought land to develop the potential of the Argentine pampas for the large-scale growing of crops. The English founded banks, developed the export trade in crops and animal products and imported the luxuries that the growing Argentine middle classes sought.[4]
As well as those who went to Argentina as industrialists and major landowners, others went as
Background
In a treaty of 1825, the United Kingdom became one of the first countries to recognise the independence of Argentina. English arrivals and investment played a large part in the development of Argentine railway and tramway lines, and also Argentine agriculture, livestock breeding, processing, refrigeration and export.[5] At one point in the 19th century, ten per cent of British foreign investment was in Argentina, despite not being a colony. In 1939, 39% of investment in Argentina was British.[6]
English culture, or a version of it as perceived from outside, had a noted effect on the
In 1912 the well-known London department store Harrods opened a store in Buenos Aires; the only Harrods ever opened outside London. Harrods Buenos Aires became independent of Harrods in the 1940s, but still traded under the Harrods name.
Gardened
Around 100,000 Anglo-Argentines are the descendants of English immigrants to Argentina.[1] They are one of the most successful immigrant groups of Argentina, gaining prominence in commerce, industry, and the professions. Many speak fluent English at home. An English-language newspaper, the Buenos Aires Herald, was published daily in Buenos Aires from 1876 to 2017.
Anglo-Argentines have traditionally differed from their fellow Argentines by largely retaining strong ties with their mother country, including education and commerce.[8] There are many schools in Argentina that are bilingual, offering a British curriculum in English and the standard Argentine curriculum in Spanish, including Northlands School, St. Mark's College, Balmoral College, St. Alban's College, St. George's College, Belgrano Day School and Washington School. Buenos Aires had a number of branches of the Asociación Argentina de Cultura Inglesa (English Cultural Association), and throughout the 20th century English language learning and teaching in state schools and private institutions was invariably geared towards the Received Pronunciation. Many private boys' schools have a uniform of blue blazers and grey flannel trousers.
The Anglo-Argentine Society, based in London, was founded in 1948 and has about 900 members. It is a society for Argentine people living in the United Kingdom, particularly those of Anglo-Argentine heritage. One of its main aims is to promote understanding and friendship between the two countries.
The Coghlan neighbourhood in Buenos Aires, known for its large English-style residences, was originally inhabited by English and Irish immigrants. Caballito contains an area called the "English District".[citation needed]
In 1794, the British Empire opened a consulate in San Nicolás,[citation needed] leading to the development of a large British community in the area, which became known as the "English borough". They founded the English Merchants' Society in 1810 and in 1822 the British Consulate became home to the first modern bank in Buenos Aires.
World War II
During
Nearly 500 Argentines served in the Royal Navy around the world, from the North Atlantic to the South Pacific.[13][verification needed] Many were part of the special forces,[citation needed] such as John Godwin.
Falklands War
When considering the British response to the Argentine landing on the Falkland Islands in 1982, at the start of the Falklands War, the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, was advised of the potential risk that a military response might pose to Anglo-Argentines.[14] However, the risk did not materialise and people with a British background were not endangered. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were broken off that year, and were normalised in 1990.[15]
English place names
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A number of towns, villages and cities have English place names. These include
There are several train station-founded towns with English names in the country such as Roberts, Smith, Hereford and Henderson. The station of
The Torre de los Ingleses ('Tower of the English') in Buenos Aires was renamed the Torre Monumental following the Falklands War.[citation needed]
English colonies in Argentina
The city of
Sport
Sports such as football, tennis, rugby union, hockey, golf, cricket, and polo were introduced to Argentina by English settlers.
Polo
Polo was first played in Argentina at the Hurlingham Club and the Argentine Polo Association was founded at the club in 1922. Argentina has since become a dominant power in international polo, and the Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo has been held annually since 1893 at the Campo Argentino de Polo in Buenos Aires.[citation needed]
Football
English railway workers from Northern England founded the Buenos Aires Football Club on 9 May 1867 in Temple Street (now Viamonte) at a meeting organised by brothers Thomas and James Hogg who were originally from Yorkshire. The first football match to be played in Argentina was played at the Buenos Aires Cricket Club in Palermo, Buenos Aires on 20 June 1867. The match was played between two teams of British merchants, the White Caps and the Red Caps.[17]
Alumni Athletic Club was founded in 1898 as "English High School" (taking the name of the school where the team came from, and the club was the most successful during the first years of football in Argentina. The team debuted in the inaugural season of the recently formed Argentine Football Association in 1893 and played again in 1895 and 1900 under its original name. In 1901 they changed their name to "Alumni". They continued to play in the league until the club were disbanded in 1911.
British
British teams were considered the best in the world by then, and some of them served as inspiration to establish football clubs in Argentina, helped by the immigration of British citizens that had arrived to work for British companies (mostly in railway construction). Clubs founded by English railway workers were Ferrocarril Midland (Buenos Aires Midland Railway, Ferro Carril Oeste (Buenos Aires Western Railway) and Talleres de Córdoba (Córdoba Central Railway), Rosario Central (originally "Central Argentine Railway Athletic Club" by Central Argentine Railway workers).[citation needed]
Further examples of clubs established by British immigrants to South America are Belgrano A.C., Rosario A.C., Alumni, Quilmes,[19][20] and Newell's Old Boys.
Evidence of the influence of English settlers in Argentine football can be seen by club names, and the tradition of giving clubs English names although they were not founded by British immigrants. Some examples are Boca Juniors, River Plate, All Boys, Racing Club, Chaco For Ever.
Religion
The majority of Argentines of English descent who claim a religion are Catholic rather than mainly Protestant denominations which predominate in England due to conversion or intermarriage with non-English Argentines. The Anglican Church of South America claims a membership of roughly 25,000, mostly living in Argentina, but including members in neighbouring countries.[citation needed]
Anglican church in Argentina
English naval captain and
In January 1869 the Society established a mission at
The Anglican Diocese of Argentina is part of the
Notable people
- Carlos Babington – former footballer. Known as "El Inglés" (The Englishman).
- Hilda Bernard – actress.
- Jorge Luis Borges – author and poet; his grandmother was of English origin.
- Eduardo Bradley – aviator.
- Lucas Bridges – author and explorer.
- Chris de Burgh - singer.
- sociologist.
- Donald Forrester – cricketer.
- John Godwin– Royal Navy officer.
- Andrew Graham-Yooll – editor.
- Trevor Grove – journalist and newspaper editor.
- Soto Grimshaw – naturalist and explorer.
- Diego Hartfield – tennis player.
- Juan Enrique Hayes – football player.
- Leonardo Henrichsen – photojournalist.
- Mariano Hood – tennis player.
- Juan Carlos Howard – tango pianist and composer.
- William Henry Hudson – author and naturalist.
- Martita Hunt – actress.
- Olivia Hussey – actress.
- Lewis Lacey – polo player.
- Roberto M. Levingston– Argentina President June 18, 1970 – March 21, 1971
- Carlos Micháns - composer
- Francisco Moreno – explorer and geographer. His mother, Juana Thwaites, was of English descent.
- Isaac Newell – founder or Newell's Old Boys football club.
- Olga Casares Pearson – actress.
- Carlos Pellegrini – President of Argentina from 6 August 1890 to 12 October 1892. His mother, María Bevans Bright, was of English origin.
- Julio Porter – screenwriter and film director.
- Peter Prescott (barrister) – King's Counsel.
- Jorge Pullin – physicist.
- Elena Roger – actress.
- Collier Twentyman Smithers – portrait, figure and rustic painter.
- René Strickler – actor.
- Anya Taylor-Joy – actress.
- Martín Jacobo Thompson – navy officer and patriot, founder of the Argentine Naval Prefecture.
- Maria Elena Walsh– children's literature writer and singer.
- Eduardo Wilde – physician, politician and writer.
- Amancio Williams – architect.
Gallery
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View of the "New Liverpool" neighbourhood of the city of Bahía Blanca
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Entrance to the English Neighbourhood (Barrio Inglés) of the city of Campana
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Tree lined street in City Bell
See also
- Football in Argentina
- Buenos Aires English High School
- Alumni Athletic Club
- British football clubs tours to South America
- Argentina–United Kingdom relations
References
- ^ a b c Chavez, Lydia (23 June 1985). "Fare of the country; Teatime: A bit of Britain in Argentina". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f "Anglicans in Argentina: Chaplaincies to the expatriate British". Iglesia Anglicana Argentina. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
- ^ a b Kuper, Simon (25 February 2002). "The conflict lives on". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Emigration of Scots, English and Welsh-speaking people to Argentina in the nineteenth century". British Settlers in Argentina—studies in 19th and 20th century emigration. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
- Universidad del CEMA (in Spanish). 2000. Archived from the originalon 1 October 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- Universidad del CEMA (in Spanish). 2000. Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ "Buenos Aires High School". Buenos Aires English High School. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
- ^ Graham-Yooll, Andrew (7 March 1999). "Dos nostalgias" [Two nostalgias] (in Spanish). Clarín. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ "The Anglo-Argentine Society". The Anglo-Argentine Society. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Wings of Thunder – Wartime RAF Veterans Flying in From Argentina". PR Newswire. 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
- ^ a b Buckley, Martha (9 April 2005). "How Argentines helped British win war". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
- ^ Argentine pilots break silence over World War Two Archived 3 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine – Reuters
- ISBN 978-987-45062-3-8
- ISBN 0006383211.
- ^ "Timeline: Argentina" Archived 9 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ Eduardo Wilde y el laicismo argentino Buenos Aires, 1948 by Solari, Juan Antonio.
- RSSSF. Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
- ^ South American Trip of Chelsea FC 1929 Archived 29 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine by Pablo Ciullini on RSSSF
- ISBN 9504343848
- ^ Plaza Jewell, el club donde nació el deporte rosarino, cumple hoy 145 años Archived 12 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine, La Capital, 27 Mar 2012
- ^ a b Millam, Peter J. (August 1997). "The Falklands – The World's Largest Diocese: "A Noble History and a Glorious Past"". Falkland Islands Newsletter (70). Falkland Islands: Falkland Islands Association. Archived from the original on 6 May 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
- ISBN 978-1-58567-956-0
- ^ "Quick facts: The Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America". Anglican Journal. Canada: The Anglican Church of Canada. 30 November 2007. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2008.