Ethnic groups of Argentina
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Most modern-day Argentines are descendants of these 19th and 20th century immigrants, with about 97% of the population being of full or partial
In addition, Argentines of
Indigenous peoples continue to have significant populations in the country's north-west (
(Ethnic groups
Europeans
Neither official census data nor statistically significant studies exist on the precise amount or percentage of Argentines of European descent today. The Argentine government recognizes the different communities, but Argentina's National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (
Arrival of the European immigrants
The number and composition of the population was stable until 1853, when the national government, after passing a constitution, started a campaign to attract European immigration to populate the country. This state policy lasted several decades. At first the number of immigrants was modest compared to other countries such as the United States (though the number of immigrants was steadily increasing as they moved to the rural areas to settle and to found colonias like those of Italian, German, Swiss, or French origin), but in the 1870s, due to the economic crisis in Europe, it started to increase, reaching an extremely high rate between 1890 and 1930. Unofficial records show that, during the 1860s, 160,000 immigrants arrived in Argentina, while in the 1880s the net number increased to 841,000, almost doubling the population of the country in that decade.
Between 1857 and 1950, 6,611,000 European immigrants arrived in Argentina, making it the country with the second biggest immigration wave in the world, only second to the United States with 27 million, and ahead of such other areas of new settlement such as Canada, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, Venezuela, Mexico and Uruguay and permanently changing the ethnography of Argentina.[2][3]
Immigrants arrived through the port of
Waves of immigrants from European countries arrived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Over 30 percent of the country's population was born overseas by 1914, and half of the population in Buenos Aires and Rosario was foreign-born.[21][22] Over 80% of the Argentine population, per the 1914 Census, were immigrants, their children or grandchildren.[23]
The Hotel de Inmigrantes, built in 1906 to accommodate the 100,000 to 200,000 yearly arrivals at the Port of Buenos Aires, was made a National Historic Monument.
Italians
Italian immigration to Argentina began in the 19th century, just after Argentina won its independence from Spain. Argentine culture has significant connections to Italian culture, in terms of language, customs and traditions.[24]
Italians became firmly established throughout Argentina, with the greatest concentrations in the city of
.There are many reasons for the Italian immigration to Argentina: Italy was enduring economic problems caused mainly by the
The Italian population in Argentina is the third largest in the world, and the second largest (after Brazil) outside of Italy,[25] More than 20 million people (47% of Argentina's population according to Argentine government websites).[26][27] Italians form a majority of the population of Argentina and neighboring Uruguay: up to two-thirds have some Italian background. Among Latin American countries, only Brazil has more people of Italian descent (28 million, approximately 15 percent of Brazil's total population).
Croats
Croats number of 200,000 in Argentina, settling primarily in Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Chaco, and Patagonia. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, there were over 133 settlements. Many Croatian Argentines can trace their ancestry to Dalmatia and the Croatian Littoral. Many Croats came after Nikola Mihanovich developed the merchant marine.
Germans
This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (April 2014) |
German immigration to Argentina occurred during five main time periods: pre–1870, 1870–1914, 1918–1933, 1933–1940 and post–1945.
Argentina and Germany have long had close ties to each other. A flourishing trade developed between them as early as the German Unification, and Germany had a privileged position in the Argentine economy. Later, Argentina maintained a strong economic relationship with both Germany and Great Britain and supported them with supplies during World War I.
There are around 50,000 German descendants living in Buenos Aires. After the United States and Brazil, Argentina is among the nations with the largest number of German descendants in the world, together with Australia, Canada, South Africa and France. They arrived in the 19th century and then before and after World War II. Their arrival continued over an extended period, from the middle to end of the 19th century, until 1960 of the 20th century. Germans, Swiss, Belgian, Luxembourg and French people founded the Colony of Esperanza, establishing the first agricultural colony and then founding others.
The influence of their culture has also impacted Argentine cuisine; this trend is especially apparent in the field of desserts. The pastries known as facturas are Germanic in origin: croissants, known as medialunas ("half-moons", from German "Halbmond"), are the most popular of these, and can be found in two varieties: butter- and lard-based. Also German in origin are the "Berliner" known as bolas de Fraile ("friar's balls"), and the rolls called piononos.
The facturas were re-christened with local names given the difficult phonology of German, and usually Argentinized by the addition of a dulce de leche filling. That was also the case with the "Kreppel", called torta fritas in Argentina, which were introduced by German immigrants, and similarly with the "Achtzig Schlag" cake, translated as torta ochenta golpes. In addition, dishes like chucrut (sauerkraut) and many different kinds of sausage like bratwurst have made it into mainstream Argentine cuisine.
More than 7% of Argentines are of German descent. Over 2 million ethnic Germans in
French
French immigration has left a significant mark on Argentina, with a notable influence on the
While Argentines of French descent make up a substantial percent of the Argentine population, they are less visible than other similarly sized ethnic groups. This is due to the high degree of assimilation and the lack of substantial French colonies throughout the country.[29]
Spaniards
Argentine elites diminished the Spanish culture from their culture in the newly independent country and created Argentine culture.
Between 1857 and 1940 more than 2 million Spanish people emigrated to Argentina, mostly from Galicia, Basque Country, Asturias, Cantabria in northern Spain, Catalonia in northeast Spain, and also from Andalusia in southern Spain.
Scandinavians arrived in Argentina around 1909. The first ones settled in the northeastern area and founded a city called Villa Svea (now called Oberá). It was composed of Swedes, Norwegians and Finns. Russians, Germans, English and Danish joined them before and after World War I and spread throughout the country.
Austrians
Austrians settled throughout the country in the late 19th century.
Swiss
Approximately 44,000 Swiss emigrated to Argentina until 1940, and settled mainly in the provinces of Córdoba and Santa Fe and, to a lesser extent, in Buenos Aires.
British
Around 100,000 British immigrants arrived between 1857 and 1940. The British community founded solid institutions like the British Hospital in Buenos Aires, the Herald newspaper, prestigious bilingual schools and clubs as the Lawn Tennis Club and Hurlingham Club. British immigrants had a strong impact on the taste of Argentine sports through the development of football, polo, hockey, and rugby, among others.
Today, there are over 350,000 Argentines with ancestry from the British Isles.[clarification needed]
Greeks
There are about 30,000 to 50,000 Argentines of Greek descent. The first immigrants arrived at the end of the 18th century, while the bulk of immigration occurred during the first half of the 20th century. Many were Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians immigrating from Greece, who became adjusted to Argentine society because of the linguistic similarities between Eastern Romance and Spanish, as well as the Latin identity of Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians.
Albanians
During the great immigration from Italians towards Argentina, there were also a lot of Arbereshe people. They became part of the great European immigration towards South America in the 19th century. Most Albanians who migrated to Argentina were Arbershe from Southern Italy.
Bulgarians
Bulgarian immigration in Argentina began intensively in the 1920s and had a second boom period between 1937 and 1938. Most of them were farmers from the northern regions of Bulgaria. Most settled in the province of Chaco.
Czechs
The Czechs were also part of the great immigration of the early 20th century. Most of their descendants live in the provinces of Chaco and Mendoza, in the country.
Irish
The Irish emigrated to Argentina in the 19th century, between 1830 and 1875. They extended throughout the country, especially in the provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Rios and Córdoba. The modern Irish-Argentine community is estimated to be between 500,000[30] and 1,000,000.[31] Argentina is the home of the fifth largest Irish community in the world.[32]
Lithuanians
after the First World War, between 1925 and 1930, and settled mainly in Buenos Aires, Berisso and Rosario.
Luxembourgers
From 1888 to 1890, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was literally overwhelmed by a transatlantic migration wave, the so-called "Argentinienfieber", literally ‘Argentine fever’. In less than two years, more than one thousand Luxembourgers - representing 0.5 per cent of the entire population - decided to emigrate to Argentina.[33]
Dutch
The first organized immigration from the Netherlands occurred in 1889, when immigrants came from the area of Friesland. A second immigration took place around 1924. Most of them settled in Mar del Plata, Bahía Blanca, Comodoro Rivadavia, and Chubut.
Polish
n began in 1897 and had a decisive influence in the Argentine population. Between the two world wars (1918–1939) large numbers of Poles emigrated. They mostly settled in Llavallol, San Justo, Valentín Alsina, San Martin, and Quilmes. Between 1946 and 1950 around one hundred thousand Poles settled in the country.
Russians
There is a significant number of Russians in Argentina. Most reside in Buenos Aires and northeastern areas. The majority of them arrived between 1880 and 1921. Another small wave arrived in the country in early 1990. As of July 2023, more than 18,500 Russians have come to Argentina after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.[34]
Ukrainians
Ukrainian regular immigration to Argentina began in the 19th century. The first Ukrainian settlement in the country was in 1897. Subsequently, groups of immigrants settled in Buenos Aires, Misiones, Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Mendoza, Río Negro, and Entre Ríos. Estimates of the Ukrainian and/or Ukrainian-descended population range from 300,000 to 470,000 people (the latter figure making Ukrainians up to 1% of the total Argentine population).[35][36][37][38][39][40]
Welsh
The Welsh settlement in Argentina – known in Welsh as Y Wladfa – began in 1865 and occurred mainly along the coast of Chubut Province in the far southern region of Patagonia. In the 19th and early 20th century the Argentine government encouraged the immigration of Europeans to populate the country outside the Buenos Aires region; between 1856 and 1875 no fewer than 34 settlements of immigrants of various nationalities were established between Santa Fe and Entre Ríos. In addition to the main colony in Chubut, a smaller colony was set up in Santa Fe by 44 Welsh people who left Chubut, and another group settled at Coronel Suárez in southern Buenos Aires Province. In the early 21st century, around 50,000 Patagonians are of Welsh descent. The Welsh-Argentine community is centered around Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin. By Chubut's own estimate, the number of Welsh speakers is about 25,000. The Welsh language is still present in Welsh communities of Argentina and they have developed their own dialect known as Patagonian Welsh.
Jewish
The overwhelming majority of
Romani
There are approximately 300,000 Roma in Argentina.[41]
West Asians
Arabs and Levantines
There are 1,300,000–3,500,000 Argentines whose ancestry traces back to any of various waves of immigrants, largely of
Most Levantine Argentines are from Lebanese background, originating mainly from what is now
Armenians
The Armenians came in different time periods. The first wave was in the late 19th century, as a result of the
There are 80,000 to 135,000 descendants of Armenians in Argentina, most of them in Buenos Aires.[42][43][44][45]
Amerindians
Argentina's National Institute of Indigenous Affairs (INAI) identifies 38 indigenous peoples throughout the country.
There are Amerindian groups like the
The local natives who speak
According to a recent study of 246 individuals, up to 30% of this population could have varying degrees of Native American ancestry,[47] but other studies such as those carried by Norma Pérez Martín (2007) suggest at least 56% of Argentines would have indigenous ancestry[7]
Regarding the indigenous peoples of Argentina, the Constitution of the Argentine nation in its article 17 says:
"Recognise the ethnic and cultural pre-existence of indigenous peoples. Guarantee respect for their identity and the right to a bilingual and intercultural education; recognise the legal status of their communities, and the communal possession and ownership of the lands they traditionally occupy; and regulate the provision of others suitable and sufficient for human development; none of them shall be alienable, transferable or subject to liens or encumbrances. Ensure their participation in the management of their natural resources and other interests affecting them. The provinces may exercise these powers concurrently".[48]
Some provinces in Argentina have indigenous languages as official languages, for example the
An interesting fact is that some of the fathers of Argentina's independence wanted that the new independent state to be governed by indigenous monarchy. The Inca plan of 1816 proposed that United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Present Argentina) should be a monarchy, led by a descendant of the Inca. Juan Bautista Túpac Amaru (half-brother of Túpac Amaru II) was proposed as monarch.[49] This proposal was supported by notable figures such as Manuel Belgrano, José de San Martín and Martín Miguel de Güemes. The Congress of Tucumán finally decided to reject the Inca's plan, creating instead a republican, centralist state.[50][51]
Mapuche
The Mapuche (from the Mapudungún Mapuche autonym) are the largest indigenous people in the Southern Cone, inhabiting central and southern Chile and part of Argentina.
The Mapuche traditional economy is based on agriculture; their traditional social organization consists of extended families, under the direction of a lonko or chief. In times of war, the Mapuche would unite in larger groupings and elect a toki (meaning "axe" or "axe-bearer") to lead them. Mapuche material culture is known for its textiles and silverwork.
Toba
The Toba, also known as the Qom, are an ethnic group of the Pampido people who live in the Central Chaco. Around the 16th century, they began to inhabit a large part of northern Argentina in what are now the provinces of Salta, Chaco, Santiago del Estero and Formosa.
Guarani
Guarani People are distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guarani language. The traditional area of distribution of the Guaraní people is found in several countries (Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina), within Argentina they mostly inhabit the Misiones and Corrientes Provinces of Argentina.[52] In the Corrientes Province, Guaraní is a co-official language.
The Guarani had a great impact on Argentine culture, for example mate was consumed by the Guarani and Tupi peoples in pre-colonial times. Other influences could be in the famous Argentine expression "che", which could come from the Guarani language, where "che irú" means "my companion".[53]
Ava Guarani
Ava guaraní is the denomination currently adopted for a mixogenized indigenous culture guaraní-arahuaca formerly better known as chiriguana', which is settled mainly in southern Bolivia, from where it expanded into western Paraguay and northwestern Argentina.
Mbyá Guaraní
The Mbyá Guaraní, are a branch of the Guaraní people who live in Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.[54] In the Argentine region of Misiones, Mbyá coexist, in the same familial communities, with members of the Xiripá Guaraní and Pai Tavytera groups. There are 120 such communities, known as tekoás, in the region, and there are approximately 11,000 Mbyá in Argentina as a whole. Two large communities in Misiones near Iguazu Falls, Fortin Mborore and Yriapú, are home to more than 2,000 people.
Diaguita
The Diaguita are a group of South American Indians from Chile's Norte Chico and northwestern Argentina. According to the 2010 census there are 67,410 self-identified Diaguita descendants in Argentina.[55]
Qulla
They are a people who live in countries such as Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. In Argentina they are mostly located in the Corrientes, Jujuy and Catamarca provinces.
Quechua
The Quechua people have historically inhabited from Ecuador to Argentina. The
Wichí
They are a people who have historically inhabited Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. In Argentina approximately fifty thousand people have identified themselves as Whichís.
Comechingón
Comechingón is the common name for a group of people indigenous to the Argentine provinces of Córdoba and San Luis. They were thoroughly displaced or exterminated by the Spanish conquistadores by the end of the 17th century. According to the 2010 census there are 34,546 self-identified Comechingón descendants in Argentina.[56]
Tehuelche
The Aónikenk people, also referred to by the exonym Tehuelche, are an indigenous people from Patagonia in South America, with existing members of the group currently residing in the southern Argentina-Chile borders. The 2010 National Population Census in Argentina revealed the existence of 27,813 people who considered themselves Tehuelche throughout the country, 7924 in the Chubut Province, 4570 in the interior of the Buenos Aires Province, 2615 in the Santa Cruz Province, 2269 in the Río Negro Province, 1702 in the city of Buenos Aires, 844 in the Mendoza Province, 738 in the Neuquén Province and 625 in the La Pampa Province.
Mocoví
The Mocoví are an indigenous tribe of the Gran Chaco region of South America. They speak the Mocoví language and are one of the ethnic groups belonging to the Guaycuru peoples. In the 2010 Argentine census, 22,439 people self-identified as Mocoví.[57]
Aymara
In the 2010 Argentine census, 20,822 people self-identified as Aymara.[58]
The Aymara people are an
Beginning with Spanish missionary efforts, there have been many attempts to create a writing system for Aymara. The colonial sources employed a variety of writing systems heavily influenced by Spanish, the most widespread one being that of Bertonio.
Querandí
According to the 2010 census there are 3,658 self-identified Querandí in Argentina.
Mbayá
According to the 2010 census there are 7,379 self-identified Mbayá in Argentina.
Rankülche
The Ranquel or Rankülche are an indigenous tribe from the northern part of La Pampa Province, Argentina, in South America.[59] According to the 2010 census there are 14,860 self-identified Ranquel in Argentina.
Selk'nam
The Selk'nam, also known as the Onawo or Ona people, are an indigenous people in the Patagonian region of southern Argentina and Chile. They were one of the last native groups in South America to be encountered by Europeans in the late 19th century. In the mid-19th century, there were about 4000 Selk'nam; by 1919 there were 297, and by 1930 just over 100.[60]
The exploration of gold and the introduction of farming in the region of Tierra del Fuego led to genocide of the Selk'nam perpetrated by the regimes of both states (Argentina and Chile). Joubert Yanten Gomez, a Chilean mestizo, has taught himself the language and is considered the only speaker; he uses the name Keyuk.[61]
According to Argentina's 2010 census, 696 people recognise themselves as descendants of the Selk'nam people, but they are mestizos and do not speak the Selk'nam language.
Charrúa
The Charrúa were an Indigenous Southern Cone people in present-day Argentina (Entre Ríos), Uruguay[62] and Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).[63][64] They were a semi-nomadic people who sustained themselves mainly through hunting and gathering. Since resources were not permanent in every region, they would constantly be on the move.[65] Rain, drought, and other environmental factors determined their movement. For this reason they are often classified as seasonal nomads.[65]
In Argentina 14,649 people identify themselves as Charrúa.
Toconoté
The Tonocotés or Tonokotés are an aboriginal people inhabiting the provinces of Santiago del Estero and Tucumán in Argentina.
The Spaniards called the tonocotés and other peoples of the former Tucumán as Juríes, deformation of the Quechua word xuri that means
Current tonocotés are known as suritas. They are partially mestizos descended from the ancient tonocotés and speak their own dialect derived from Santiago del Estero's quichua. They are distributed in 19 rural communities with about 6,000 residents in the departments of San Martín, Figueroa and Avellaneda from Santiago del Estero.[66] (According to the 2010 national census, the tonocotés village had 4,853 inhabitants)[67]
Atacama
The Atacama people, also called Atacameño, are indigenous people from the Atacama Desert and altiplano region in the north of Chile and Argentina and southern Bolivia. According to the Argentine Census in 2010, 13,936 people identified as first-generation Atacameño in Argentina. In the past they spoke a language known as
Huarpes
The Huarpes or Warpes are an indigenous people of Argentina, living in the Cuyo region. According to the 2010 Argentine census, 34,279 people identified themselves as Huarpes. They were divided into four large groups, each corresponding to their geographic location and also to differences in language:
- Huarpes Allentiac (San Juan)
- Huarpes Millcayac (North of the province of Mendoza)
- Huarpes Chiquillanes (South of the province of Mendoza)
- Huarpes Guanacaches (Northeast of Mendoza, North of San Luis and in the southeast of San Juan)
Africans
Since the 15th century, groups of African slaves were exported to Argentina. From the 16th century, most Africans brought to Argentina belonged to ethnic groups who speak Bantu languages, coming from the territories now comprising the
Afro-Argentines were up to a third of the population during
A number of myths have surged to explain the apparent disappearance of Argentina's black population. One popular myth claims that during the Paraguayan War, thousands of black citizens were forcibly conscripted and used as front-line soldiers, leading to large casualties that decreased the number of Afro-Argentines. Historian George Reid Andrews retorts that composition of the Argentine Army in 1853 meant that only two battalions of blacks served in the war, and thus this could not have been the cause of the reduction of the Afro-Argentine population.[70] Recent historical studies suggest that that state-led blanqueamiento policies and miscegenation with an increasignly white population and with indigenous people could be the real causes of this reduction in the Afro-Argentine population. Censuses were used as a way of making black populations invisible, for example by creating new categories.[71]
Of the population of 40,117,096 in the 2010 national census, 149,493 (0.37%) self-identified as Afro-Argentine. According to genetic studies, Sub-Saharan African admixture in Argentines is around 4%.[18][72] World Bank and Argentine government estimates have suggested the Argentine population with some African ancestry could number over 2 million. Since the 2000s, African immigrants, for example from Senegal,[73] have been attracted by Argentina's flexible migration policies.
November 8 has been celebrated as the National Day of Afro-Argentines and African Culture. The date was chosen to commemorate the recorded date for the death of María Remedios del Valle.[74][75][76]
Asians
The first Asian Argentines were of Japanese descent, arriving in the 1900s. For most of the 20th century they were the only Asians in Argentina. Japanese immigrants were primarily from the island of
Japanese
The Japanese-Argentine population assimilated well into Argentine society, and nearly 78% of the fourth generation of Japanese-Argentines (
Intermarriage in the Japanese-Argentine community. Proportion of mixed-race in each generation (%):[citation needed]
- Issei (immigrants): 0%
- Nisei (children): 9%
- Sansei (grandchildren): 66%
- Yonsei (great-grandchildren): 78%
Koreans
Argentine Koreans are the second-largest
Chinese
Chinese Argentines are Argentine citizens of Chinese ancestry or Chinese-born immigrants. The Chinese Argentine community is one of the fastest-growing communities in Argentina. As of 2018, the community was made up of 200,000 people, the 0.45% of the Argentine population.[79][4][citation needed]
Indians
Also there is a small community of
Laotian
Argentina is also home to the largest
Estimated Argentine ancestry
Ancestry[83] | Number of descendants[40] | Percentage[40] | References date |
---|---|---|---|
Amerindian | Maybe more than 20 million | Maybe more than 55% | 2005[84][85] 2021[86] |
Spanish and Italian | Possibly more than 20 million | Possibly more than 50%[83] | |
Italian | 15—30 million | 30—70% | 1996[87] 2010[27] 2011[88] 2020[89] 2023[90] |
French | 6 million | 2006[29] | |
Middle Eastern Arab | 3.5 million or little more | 2011[91] 2015[92] | |
Volga German and German | 2.5 million Volga German and 600 thousand—1 million German | ||
Sub-Saharan African | Around 2 million[97] | 2014[98] 2018[97] 2021[99] | |
Irish | 600 thousand—1 million | 2005[100] 2017[101] | |
Polish | At least 500 thousand[102][103] | 2004[104] | |
Ukrainian | 250—450 thousand | 2008[105] 2012[106] 2022[39] | |
Russian | 100—350 thousand | 2010[107][108] 2019[109][110] | |
Croatian | 250 thousand | 2013[111] 2022[112] | |
Jewish | 250—330 thousand[113][114] | ||
Chinese | 60—200 thousand | 2005[115] 2010[115] 2019[116] | |
Armenian | 80—135 thousand | 2018[43][45] | |
British | 100 thousand | 1985[117] | |
Swiss | Possibly 100 thousand | 2019[118][119] | |
Welsh | 50—70 thousand | 2008[120] 2015[121] | |
Austrian and Hungarian | 40—60 thousand | 2010[122][123] 2016[124][125] | |
Japanese | 17—50 thousand | 2003[126] 2011[127] | |
Greek | At least 30 thousand | 2018[128][129] | |
Korean | 20—25 thousand | 2010[130] 2022[131][132] | |
Romanian | 10 thousand | 2014[133] | |
Nordic | More than 10 thousand[134][135] |
Immigration from neighbouring countries
Among the most numerous immigrants from neighbouring countries are Paraguayans (the biggest foreign community), Bolivians, Peruvians, and in lesser number Ecuadorians and Brazilians. There have been reports of discrimination to these groups, as well as exploitation;
Uruguayans represent a special case; many have crossed the Río de la Plata to live in Argentina, mainly in Buenos Aires, searching for opportunities in the bigger country. Given their cultural resemblances with the porteños, they are rarely discriminated against.
Genetic studies
Autosomal | NRY DNA (patrilineal) | mtDNA (matrilineal) |
---|---|---|
|
- In the work of Corach et al., 2009, the authors say that "Argentines carried a large fraction of European genetic heritage in their Y-chromosomal (94.1%) and autosomal (78.5%) DNA, but their mitochondrial gene pool is mostly of Native American ancestry (53.7%); instead, African heritage was small in all three genetic systems (<4%)".[72]
- According to Caputo et al., 2021, X-DIPs studies show that the matrilineal genetic contribution is 52.9% European, 39.6% indigenous, and 7.5% African.[9]
- Homburguer et al., 2015, PLOS One Genetics: 67,3% European, 27,7% Amerindian, 3,6% African and 1,4% Asian.[140]
- Di Fabbio Rocca et al., 2016.[141]
- Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area: 79,9% European and 21,1% others.
- Rosario: 81,1% European and 18,9% others.
- Buenos Aires Province (Bahía Blanca): 76,9% European and 23,1% others.
- Puerto Madryn (Chubut Province): 67,2% European and 32,8% others.
- Salta Province: 41,2% European and 58,8% others.
- Avena et al., 2012, PLOS One Genetics: 65% European, 31% Amerindian, and 4% African.[142]
- Buenos Aires Province: 76% European and 24% others.
- South Zone (Chubut Province): 54% European and 46% others.
- Northeast Zone (Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco & Formosa provinces): 54% European and 46% others.
- Northwest Zone (Salta Province): 33% European and 67% others.
- Parolin et al., (2019), found admixture in Argentine Patagonia was 62.1% European, 35.8% Amerindian and 2.1% African. Individuals with four grandparents from Central region had 85% of European admixture. Individuals with four grandparents from South and North regions had 71% and 61.9% of Amerindian admixture, respectively.[139]
- According to the study by María Laura Catelli et al., 2011, the matrilineal Native American component observed in the urban populations was 66%, 41%, and 70% in South, Central, and North Argentina, respectively.[143]
- According to Norma Pérez Martín, 2007, at least 56% of Argentines would have indigenous ancestry.[7]
- Oliveira, 2008, on Universidade de Brasília: 60% European, 31% Amerindian and 9% African.[144]
Center (Buenos Aires Province) |
South (Chubut Province) |
Northeast (Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco and Formosa provinces) |
Northwest (Salta Province) |
---|---|---|---|
See also
- Argentines
- History of Argentina
- Demographics of Argentina
- Culture of Argentina
- Southern Cone
- Languages of Argentina
- Rioplatense Spanish
- List of indigenous languages of Argentina
- Immigration to Argentina
- History of the Jews in Argentina
- Selk'nam genocide
- Napalpí massacre
- Conquest of the Desert
- Religion in Argentina
- Islam in Argentina
References
- ^ Segato, Rita L. (2002). "Identidades políticas / Alteridades históricas una crítica a las certezas del pluralismo global". RUNA, Archivo Para las Ciencias del Hombre (in Spanish). 23 (1): 239–275.
- ^ a b "Capítulo VII. Inmigrantes" (PDF). 10 June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b "European Immigration Into Latin America, 1870-1930" (PDF). 14 August 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b Cahoon, Ben. "Argentina". www.worldstatesmen.org.
- ^ "Argentina (People)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- ^ "La mayoría de los argentinos tienen sangre indígena" (in Spanish). 17 January 2005.
- ^ a b c "Indigenas del territorio Argentino: oralidad y supervivencia". Retrieved 15 January 2007.
- ^ "Motivos por los que no hay negros en Argentina" (in Spanish). 19 July 2014.
- ^ S2CID 231911367. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ "Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010: Pueblos Originarios: Región Noroeste Argentino: Serie D No 1" (PDF) (in Spanish). INDEC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- ^ "Cuadro P1. Población total y variación intercensal absoluta y relativa por provincia o jurisdicción. Años 2001–2010" [Table P1. Total population and intercensus absolute and relative variation by province or jurisdiction, 2001–2010]. INDEC (in Spanish). Archived from the original (XLS) on 2 September 2011.
- S2CID 146549764.
- ^ https://fount.aucegypt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2013&context=etds [bare URL]
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{{cite web}}
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