Joseph Alter

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Joseph S. Alter is an American

medical anthropologist known for his research into the modern practice of yoga as exercise
, his 2004 book Yoga in Modern India, and the physical and medical culture of South Asia.

Biography

Joseph S. Alter was born in

University of California at Berkeley.[2]

He is a professor of anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh.[3]

He is known for arguing, in his own words, that "The invention of

Kuvalayananda and others] into a system of physical culture."[5] He calls the fusion of yoga's subtle body and its yogic physiology with modern anatomy and physiology a "mistake".[6]

Reception

Yoga in Modern India

Vivekananda brought yoga to the West in the 1890s, but without asanas.[7]

Alter's 2004 book Yoga in Modern India: The Body between Science and Philosophy examines three main themes in the history and practice of yoga in the 20th century: Swami Kuvalayananda's medicalisation of yoga;

naturopathic yoga;[9] and the influence of the Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh on the development of yoga as exercise.[10]

Stuart Ray Sarbacker, reviewing the book in History of Religions, found the book illuminating on the historical background of yoga, complete with "acerbic asides, including several humorous references to Yoga Journal and its sociological and ideological placement in American consumer society." In his view, the examples were well-researched and brought to life with suitable photographs.[11]

Cecilia Van Hollen, reviewing Yoga in Modern India for The Journal of Asian Studies, writes that it aims to correct the popular tendency to imagine an Indian, spiritual yoga opposed to a corrupt, materialistic American yoga, by examining what Indian texts from the 20th century say about yoga, and constructing a social history of the subject. In her view, what emerges is yoga "as a transnational system of knowledge and practice that emerged in the interstices of colonialism, anticolonial nationalism, and postcolonial Hindu nationalism."[6] She notes that Alter calls the Indian government-led fusion of the yogic subtle body with the physical body of modern anatomy and physiology in the early 20th century a "mistake". All the same, she writes, it helped to transform yoga into what Alter called the "tremendously popular, eminently public, self-disciplinary regimen that produces good health and well being, while always holding out the promise of final liberation."[6] She observes also that Alter shows what "strange bedfellows" yoga and Hindu nationalism were, for while the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) could readily adopt yoga's physical and mental discipline to make men strong, yoga's philosophy is the opposite of "narrowly Hindu".[6]

The yoga scholar

Andrea R. Jain broadly agrees with Singleton, noting that posture "only became prominent in modern yoga in the early twentieth century as a result of the dialogical exchanges between Indian reformers and nationalists and Americans and Europeans interested in health and fitness".[12]

The book won the 2006

Coomaraswamy Book Prize.[6]

Gandhi's Body: Sex, Diet and the Politics of Nationalism

Gandhi photographed in South Africa (1909)

Alter's Gandhi's Body connected

Gandhi's practices of fasting, diet, and exercises with biopolitics and biopower. Alter explains Gandhi's lifelong obsession with food and sex as a way to reach his religious idea of Truth.[13] The American Historical Review said that Alter's book helps researchers study Gandhi's biopolitics without falling into the trap of seeing "faddish" tendencies in him. It said that Alter offers original interpretations of Gandhi's practices, including his sexual experiments.[14]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Other authors who share this approach to yoga as exercise include Norman Sjoman and Mark Singleton.

References

  1. ^ "Joseph S. Alter". Penguin India. 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  2. ^ "Prof. Joseph S. Alter". Modern Yoga Research. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  3. ISBN 9780691118741
    . Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  4. ^ Alter, Joseph (2017). "Yoga, Bodybuilding, and Wrestling: Metaphysical Fitness". Asana International Yoga Journal. Retrieved 9 February 2019. from Debra Diamond, ed. (2013). Yoga: The Art of Transformation. Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-939026-7
    . quoting Alter 2004, p. 10
  6. ^
    S2CID 162812282
    .
  7. ^
    OCLC 318191988
    .
  8. ^ Alter 2004, pp. 73–108.
  9. ^ Alter 2004, pp. 109–141.
  10. ^ Alter 2004, pp. 142–177.
  11. doi:10.1086/513263
    .
  12. doi:10.7825/2164-6279.1510
    .
  13. ISBN 9780812204742
    .
  14. ^ "The American Historical Review, Volume 106, Issue 5, December 2001, Pages 1784–1785". academic.oup.com.

Works

External links
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