Kozhikode district

Coordinates: 11°15′N 75°46′E / 11.25°N 75.77°E / 11.25; 75.77
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the district in Kerala. For other uses, see Kozhikode (disambiguation).

Kozhikode district
Calicut district
District
Clockwise from top:
CPI (M)[2]
 • Members of Parliament
Area
 • Total2,344 km2 (905 sq mi)
 • Rank
UTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-KL
Vehicle registrationKL-11 Calicut City,
KL-18 Vatakara,
KL-56 Koyilandy,
KL-57 Koduvally,
KL-76 Nanmanda,
KL-77 Perambra,
KL-85 Ramanattukara (Feroke)
HDI (2005)Increase 0.781[4] ( High)
Websitekozhikode.nic.in

Kozhikode (pronounced [koːɻikːoːɖɨ̆] ⓘ), or Calicut district, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala, along its southwestern Malabar Coast. The city of Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the district headquarters. The district is 67.15% urbanised.[5]

The

IIM Kozhikode
are institutions of national importance located in the district.

Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the British.[9]

Kozhikode district is bordered by the districts of

Wayanad to the east, and Malappuram to the south. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and the Western Ghats mountain range stretches towards the east. Vavul Mala, a 2,339 m high peak situated on the trijunction of Kozhikode, Malappuram, and Wayanad districts, is the highest point of elevation in the district. It lies between latitudes 11° 08'N and 11° 50'N and longitudes 75° 30'E and 76° 8'E. The Thamarassery Churam connects the city of Kozhikode with the plateau of Wayanad.[9]

The district is divided into four

district in India, only after to Kottayam and Ernakulam, with a negligible multidimensional poverty rate of 0.26%.[12]

Etymology

The exact origin of the name Kozhikode is uncertain. According to many sources, the name Kozhikode is derived from Koyil-kota (fort), meaning fortified palace.[13] Koil or Koyil or Kovil is the Malayalam/Tamil term for a Hindu temple, referring to the Tali Shiva Temple.[14] Both the terms kōyil and kōvil are used interchangeably. The name also got corrupted into Kolikod, or its Arab version Qāliqūṭ and later its anglicised version Calicut.[15] The

Arab merchants called it Qāliqūṭ (IPA: qˠaːliqˠːuːtˤ).[16] Chinese merchants called it Kūlifo. Tamils called it as Kallikottai. [17]

The city is officially named Kozhikode in Malayalam, and in English, it is known by its anglicised version, Calicut.[18] The word

calico, a fine variety of hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported from the port of Kozhikode, is thought to have been derived from Calicut.[19] The term for tricolour cats called calico cats, is as well derived from the fabric name.[20][21]

History

Uru, a type of ship built at Beypore, Calicut

Following the formation of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Malabar District was divided into three: Kannur district, Kozhikode district, and Palakkad district.[22]

At that time, Kozhikode district had two

Revenue Divisions: Kozhikode Revenue Division and Malappuram Revenue Division.[22] Kozhikode Revenue Division had four Taluks: Vatakara, Koyilandy, Kozhikode, and South Wayanad.[22] Malappuram Division had two Taluks: Eranad and Tirur.[22]

The path Vasco da Gama took to reach Kozhikode (black line) in 1498, which was also the discovery of a sea route from Europe to India, and eventually paved way for the European colonisation of Indian subcontinent.

On 16 June 1969, Malappuram Revenue Division of Kozhikode district excluding three Revenue villages, Feroke, Ramanattukara, and Kadalundi, was separated to form Malappuram district.[23]

Again on 1 November 1980, the South Wayanad Taluk of Kozhikode district was separated to form Wayanad district.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901610,058—    
1911654,846+0.71%
1921678,122+0.35%
1931796,881+1.63%
1941892,078+1.13%
19511,116,391+2.27%
19611,403,413+2.31%
19711,821,734+2.64%
19812,245,265+2.11%
19912,619,941+1.56%
20012,879,131+0.95%
20113,086,293+0.70%
20183,249,761+0.74%
source:[24]

(Details for 'Kozhikode Urban' retrieved from Census of India.[25])

According to the

640).[28] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 7.31%.[28] Kozhikode has a sex ratio of 1097 females for every 1000 males,[28] and a literacy rate of 95.24%. 67.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.45% and 0.49% of the population respectively.[28]

The

2011 Census of India.[5]

The

district in India, only after to Kottayam and Ernakulam, with a negligible multidimensional poverty rate of 0.26%.[12]

Malayalam is the predominant language, spoken by 99.05% of the population. Small minorities speak Tamil and Hindi, mainly in urban areas.[29]

The centuries of trade across the Indian Ocean has given Kozhikode a cosmopolitan population.

Religion

<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:80px;line-height:0;

Religions in Kozhikode district (2011)[30]

  Hinduism (56.2%)
  Islam (39.2%)
  Christianity (4.3%)
  Other or not stated (0.3%%)

According to the 2011 census,

Muslims and Christians. The proportion in the 2011 census was 56.21% Hindus; 39.24% Muslims and 4.26% Christians.[30]

There is a small presence of Jains (601), Sikhs (297), and Buddhists (235).[31]

Climate

The district has a generally humid climate with a very hot season extending from March to May. The rainy season is during the South West Monsoon, which sets in the first week of June and extends up to September. The North East Monsoon extends from the second half of October through November. The average annual rainfall is 3,266 millimetres or 129 inches. The best weather is found in towards the end of the year, in December and January – the skies are clear, and the air is crisp. The highest temperature recorded was 39.4 °C or 102.9 °F in March 1975. The lowest was 14 °C or 57.2 °F recorded on 26 December 1975.

Climate data for Kozhikode
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.6
(88.9) 		32.0
(89.6) 		32.7
(90.9) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.4
(90.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.3
(82.9) 		29.5
(85.1) 		30.6
(87.1) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.9
(87.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22
(72) 		23.4
(74.1) 		25
(77) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.8
(78.4) 		24
(75) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		23.8
(74.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 2.7
(0.11) 		3.4
(0.13) 		21.4
(0.84) 		90.2
(3.55) 		310.9
(12.24) 		818.2
(32.21) 		902.5
(35.53) 		447.3
(17.61) 		233.4
(9.19) 		263.5
(10.37) 		136.6
(5.38) 		35
(1.4) 		3,265.1
(128.56)
Source: [32]

Administration

The headquarters of the district administration is

District collector. He is assisted by deputy collectors with responsibility for general matters, land acquisition, revenue recovery, land reforms, and elections.[33]

Urban Local Bodies

Main article: List of cities and towns in Kerala

There are seven municipal towns in the district, in addition to the Kozhikode Municipal Corporation, which was established in 1962 as the second municipal corporation in Kerala after Trivandrum.[34] The district's municipal towns are:[6]

Urban local bodies in Kozhikode district
Municipality Population (2011) Area(km2) Population density (/km2) Taluk
Vatakara 75,295 21.32 3,532 Vatakara
Koyilandy 71,873 29.05 2,474 Koyilandy
Feroke 54,074 15.54 3,480 Kozhikode
Payyoli 49,470 22.34 2,214 Koyilandy
Koduvally 48,687 23.85 2,041 Thamarassery
Mukkam 40,670 31.20 1,304 Kozhikode
Ramanattukara 35,937 11.70 3,072 Kozhikode

Legislative representation

See also: Kerala Legislative Assembly and Lok Sabha
A map of 13 Kerala Legislative Assembly constituencies from Kozhikode district with their limits

There are three

Wayanad
.

There are 13 Kerala Legislative Assembly seats in Kozhikode district.[35]

Kerala Legislative Assembly Constituencies from Kozhikode district
Constituency Member Party Alliance
Vatakara
 K. K. Rema RMPI   UDF
Kuttiady
 K. P. Kunhahammed Kutty CPI(M)   
LDF
Nadapuram
 E. K. Vijayan CPI   
LDF
Koyilandy
 Kanathil Jameela CPI(M)   
LDF
Perambra
 T. P. Ramakrishnan CPI(M)   
LDF
Balussery
 K. M. Sachin Dev CPI(M)   
LDF
Elathur
 A. K. Saseendran NCP   
LDF
Kozhikode North
 Thottathil Ravindran CPI(M)   
LDF
Kozhikode South
 Ahamed Devarkovil INL   
LDF
Beypore
 P. A. Mohammed Riyas CPI(M)   
LDF
Kunnamangalam
 P. T. A. Rahim LDF Ind.   
LDF
Koduvally
 M. K. Muneer IUML   UDF
Thiruvambady
 Linto Joseph CPI(M)   
LDF

Administrative divisions

See also: List of taluks of Kerala
Revenue division[36] Taluk Area (km2) Population (2011)[37] Number of villages[38] Towns Revenue villages[38]
Vatkara Vatakara 576 687,726 28
Koyilandy 642 645,879 31
Kozhikode Thamarassery 574 401,831 20
Kozhikode 547 1,354,107 39

Economy

Main article: Economy of Kozhikode district
Kozhikode was the capital city of the erstwhile Malabar District

IT hubs in Kerala. The economy of Kozhikode
significantly depends upon its Service sector.

Culture

An old map of India in 1804. Note that only Thalassery, Kozhikode, and Kochi, are marked as cities within the present-day state of Kerala

Malayalam language

In the field of

Malayalam language and literature, Kozhikode district has made many significant contributions. During the 17th century, His Highness Sri Samoothiri Manavedan Maharaja authored the famous Krishnattam, a Manipravalam text describing the childhood of Lord Krishna in eight volumes. The district is famous for folk songs or ballads known as Vadakkan Pattukal. The most popular songs celebrate the exploits of Thacholi Othenan and Unniyarcha. An intellectual debate for Vedic scholars, where winners receive the title of Pattathanam, takes place at Thali temple during the month of Thulam. Kozhikode also has a strong associations with ghazals and football
.

Malayalam literature

A bust of S. K. Pottekkatt facing S.M. Street in Kozhikode

Many prominent writers of Malayalam literature hail from Kozhikode district. Among them are

Mulberry, Lipi and Olive. Several libraries are located in and around the city. The Kozhikode Public Library and Research Centre at Mananchira was constructed in 1996.[40] In 2023, Kozhikode became India's first UNESCO City of Literature.[41]

Music

In addition to the Malabar Mahotsavam, the annual cultural fest of Kozhikode,[42] every year since 1981 the Tyagaraja Aradhana Trust has been conducting a five-day music festival in honour of Tyagaraja. The festival is complete with the Uncchavritti, rendering of Divyanama kritis, Pancharatna Kritis, concerts by professional artistes and students of music from morning to late in the evening.[43]

Kozhikode has a tradition of Ghazal and Hindustani music appreciation. There are many Malayalam Ghazals. The late film director and play back singer M. S. Baburaj, from Kozhikode was influenced by Ghazal and Hindustani.[44]

There are DJ parties and events that are held in hotels and malls and pubs and IT parks in Calicut. Ragam and Thatva fest in NITC and different fests in IIM gets participation of international bands.[45][46]

Cuisine

See also: S. M. Street

Kozhikode offers a variety of South Indian, North Indian, European, Chinese, Arab, Gujarati and Jain food. The culinary culture of the city has been moulded by Portuguese, Dutch, French, British, Arab and other Indian influence. It offers both veg and non-veg dishes in great variety. The mall culture in the city has gained momentum and fast foods are very popular. The new generation is more inclined to Chinese,Arab and American food culture and a new trend of vegetarianism is getting popular because of health concerns. The city is also famous for

Zamorin of Calicut, when the ruler invited Gujarati sweetmeat makers to set up shop in the city and accommodated their shops just outside the palace walls.[47] Another speciality is banana chips, which are made crisp and wafer-thin. Other popular dishes include seafood preparations (prawns, mussels, mackerel) . Vegetarian fare includes the sadya
.

Films

The film history of Kozhikode dates back to 1950s. Some of the main production companies of Malayalam films like Grihalakshmi Productions, Kalpaka and Swargachitra are based in Kozhikode. The city was also an important hub of prominent filmmakers like

Augustine, Madhupal, Anoop Menon, Neeraj Madhav
and Vijayan Malaparamba are from Kozhikode.

The 1947 Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Hollywood thriller, Sinbad the Sailor, mentions Kozhikode.

Kozhikode, the largest city in the Malabar region, also has a vital role in the entertainment segment. The city's first theatre, Calicut Crown, was opened as early as 1925. The city has more than 10 theatres and two multiplexes, the PVS Film City (the first multiplex in Malabar region) and Crown Theatre.[48]

Sports

EMS Stadium

Kozhikode is known as the second Mecca of

seven-a-side form of football
is also very famous in the city. P. T. Usha, is a famous athlete who is regarded as one of the greatest athletes India has ever produced and is often called the "queen of Indian track and field". She is nicknamed Payyoli Express. Currently she runs the Usha School of Athletics at Koyilandy in Kerala. T. Abdul Rahman, popularly known as Olympian Rahman, was an Indian Olympian footballer from Kozhikode. Rahman was a member of the Indian team that reached the semi-final in 1956 Melbourne Olympics. Other sports personalities include Jimmy George, Tom Joseph (Indian volleyball player and was captain of Indian volleyball team) and Premnath Phillips. Jaseel P. Ismail, V. Diju, Aparna Balan & Arun Vishnu are international badminton players from the city. The Sports & Education Promotion Trust (SEPT) was established to promote sports development in India with focus on football. Started in 2004 and based in Kozhikode, the trust has set up 52 centres called "football nurseries" spread across thirteen districts in Kerala.[51] Since 2010, Calicut Mini Marathon runs have been organised by IIM Kozhikode and witness participation of around 7000 people every year.

Print media

The Malayalam newspaper Mathrubhumi was established at Kozhikode in 1923 as a part of the Indian independence movement.

Kozhikode occupies a prominent position in the history of Malayalam journalism. The origin of journalism in the district can be traced back to 1880. The Kerala Pathrika is likely the earliest newspaper published from Kozhikode. Keralam, Kerala Sanchari and Bharath Vilasam are among the other newspapers that were published from Kozhikode in the nineteenth century.

Kozhikode is the 'birthplace' of the widely circulated Malayalam dailies

Malayalam
). Newspapers in other regional languages like English, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are available.

Radio

The Kozhikode radio station of All India Radio has two transmitters: Kozhikode AM (100 kilowatt) and Kozhikode FM [Vividh Bharathi] (10 kilowatt). Private FM radio stations: Radio Mango 91.9 operated by Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. and Red FM 93.5 of the SUN Network. AIR FM radio station: Kozhikode – 103.6 MHz; AIR MW radio station: Kozhikode – 684 kHz.

Television

The headquarters and studio of MediaOne TV at Velliparamba, Kozhikode

A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode since 3 July 1984, relaying programmes from Delhi and

Tata Sky
. Asianet Cable Vision popularly known as ACV telecasts daily city news. Spidernet is another local channel. Other local operators include KCL and Citinet.

The Calicut Press Club came into existence in 1970. It is the nerve centre of all media activities, both print and electronic. Began with around 70 members in the roll, this Press Club, over the years, became a prestigious and alert media centre in the state with a present membership of over 280.[52]

Transport

Air

Calicut Airport

Kozhikode is served by

Malappuram District, about 28 kilometres (17 miles) from Kozhikode city. The airport started operation in April 1988. It has two terminals, one for domestic flights and second for international flights.[53]

Road

Kozhikode is well connected by road. NH 66 and NH 766 connects Calicut to rest of India.[54][55] It has bus services to all parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and to important cities like Hyderabad and Mumbai.[citation needed]. New national highway is planned from Calicut to Bangalore.[56]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Kozhikode
Literature
Music
Film
Sports
Others

See also

References

  1. ^ "Who's Who". District Kozhikode. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  2. ^ "District Panchayath Kozhikode". kozhikodejillapanchayath.in. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  3. ^ a b Annual Vital Statistics Report – 2018 (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala. 2020. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Kerala | UNDP in India". UNDP.
  5. ^ a b Govind, Biju (18 April 2018). "Kozhikode emerges fastest growing urban district". The Hindu. Kozhikode. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Population of the urban local bodies in Kerala (2011). Government of Kerala. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 million and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2011.
  8. ^ "Tier I and Tier II Cities of India, Classification of Indian Cities". Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  9. ^
    ISBN 9788126415885
    . Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  10. ^ "Lectures 26–27". 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  11. ^ "Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Block Panchayats of Kozhikode, Kerala". Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  12. ^ a b News Bureau, ABP (27 November 2021). "Kottayam Only District With Zero Poverty: NITI Aayog's Poverty Index Report". ABP News. Chennai. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  13. ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). Kerala District Gazetteers: Kozhikode – Gazetteer of India, Volume 5 of Kerala District Gazetteers, Kerala (India). Superintendent of Govt. Presses.
  14. ISBN 9788126437825
    .
  15. ^ Ayyar, K. V. Krishna (1938). The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806. Publication Division, University of Calicut; University of Michigan.
  16. ISBN 9780415485432. Archived from the original
    on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015. Thence we travelled to the town of Qāliqūṭ. [Calicut], which is one of the chief ports in Mulaibār.
  17. ^ Chandran 2018, p. 366.
  18. ^ M.G.S. Narayanan, Calicut: The City of Truth (2006) Calicut University Press, Kozhikode.
  19. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (2008). calico
  20. ^ "You searched for calico, Muslin, gauze". Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Calico definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d Devassy, M. K. (1965). District Census Handbook (2) – Kozhikode (1961) (PDF). Ernakulam: Government of Kerala.
  23. ^ K. Narayanan (1972). District Census Handbook – Malappuram (Part-C) – 1971 (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. p. 3.
  24. ^ "Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901". Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  25. ^ "Census GIS HouseHold". Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
  26. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Mongolia 3,133,318 July 2011 est.
  27. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Iowa 3,046,355
  28. ^ a b c d "District Census Hand Book: Kozhikode" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  29. ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Kerala". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  30. ^ a b "Table C-01: Population by religious community: Kerala". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  31. ^ "Religion – Kerala, Districts and Sub-districts". Census of India 2011. Office of the Registrar General.
  32. ^ "Kozhikode weather". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
  33. ^ Administration Archived 7 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency redrawn Delimitation impact, The Hindu 5 February 2008
  35. ^ Niyamsabha official site
  36. ^ District Administration, Kozhikode. "Revenue divisions in Kozhikode district". National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Taluk-wise demography of Kozhikode" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. pp. 161–193. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  38. ^ a b c d District Administration, Kozhikode. "Revenue Villages in Kozhikode". kozhikode.nic.in. National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  39. ^ Chandran 2018, p. 386.
  40. ^ Krishnadas Rajagopal (10 December 2013). "A library in its last chapter". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  41. ^ "Gwalior, Kozhikode join UNESCO Creative Cities Network". 1 November 2023. Indian Express. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  42. ^ "Malabar Mahotsavam set for a comeback". The Hindu. 1 January 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  43. ^ "Paying tribute to Sathguru Sri Tyagaraja". Tyagaraja Aradhana Trust. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  44. ^ Ramin Raveendran (20 October 2013). "Keeping the harmonium close to his heart". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  45. ^ "Unstop – Competitions, Quizzes, Hackathons, Scholarships and Internships for Students and Corporates".
  46. ^ "Unstop – Competitions, Quizzes, Hackathons, Scholarships and Internships for Students and Corporates".
  47. ^ "Story of the streets". The Hindu.
  48. ^ "PVS film city". Pvsfilmcity.in. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  49. ^ "football in Calicut".
  50. ^ "Games in Kerala". Information and Public relations office of Kerala. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 12 June 2006. Football and Cricket – the Most Popular Games
  51. ^ "SEPT Calicut".
  52. ^ "Calicut press club". Archived from the original on 23 June 2003.
  53. ^ "Silver jubilee does not bring cheer to Karipur airport users | Kozhikode News – Times of India". The Times of India. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  54. ^ "National Highway-766 – Drishti IAS".
  55. ^ "NH 66 to be redeveloped as an economic corridor – AspireIAS".
  56. ^ "NHAI starts DPR for new Mysuru-Kerala NH project". The Times of India. 25 February 2022.
  • Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019 (Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kozhikode district.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kozhikode District.
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