List of battleships of Russia and the Soviet Union

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Russian battleships in the Black Sea during World War I

This is a list of battleships of Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

Key
Armament The number and type of the primary armament
Armor The thickness of the belt armor.
Displacement Ship displacement at full combat load
Propulsion Number of
indicated horsepower, and top speed in knots
Service The dates work began and finished on the ship and its ultimate fate
Laid down The date the keel began to be assembled
Launched The date that the ship was
launched
Commissioned The date the ship was commissioned

Pre-Dreadnoughts

Dvenadsat Apostolov

Dvenadsat Apostolov at anchor, Sevastopol
Main article: Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov

Dvenadsat Apostolov was a

The Battleship Potemkin and was finally scrapped in 1931.[1]

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Dvenadsat Apostolov
(Двенадцать Апостолов) 		4 × 12 in (305 mm)[3] 14 in (356 mm)[4] 8,076 long tons (8,206 t)[3] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines,[2]14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph)[1] 21 August 1889[5] 13 September 1890[5] Scrapped, 1931[1]

Navarin

Navarin in 1902
Main article: Russian battleship Navarin

Navarin was a

Port Arthur. During the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905, she was sunk by Japanese destroyers which spread twenty-four linked mines
across her path during the night. Navarin struck two of these mines and capsized with the loss of most of her crew.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Navarin
(Наварин) 		4 × 12 in[6] 16 in (406 mm)[6] 10,206 long tons (10,370 t)[6] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)[6] 31 May 1890[6] 20 October 1891[6] Sunk at the Battle of Tsushima, 28 May 1905[7]

Tri Sviatitelia

Main article: Russian battleship Tri Sviatitelia
Tri Sviatitelia at anchor

Tri Sviatitelia was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Black Sea Fleet. She was flagship of the forces pursuing the mutinous battleship Potemkin in June 1905. During World War I the ship encountered the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben (formally Yavuz Sultan Selim) twice, but never hit the German ship, nor was she damaged by her. From 1915 onward she was relegated to the coast bombardment role as she was the oldest battleship in the Black Sea Fleet. Tri Sviatitelia was refitting in Sevastopol when the February Revolution of 1917 began and she was never operational afterwards.

Tri Sviatitelia was captured when the Germans took the city in May 1918 and was turned over to the

Armistice in November 1918. Her engines were destroyed in 1919 by the British when they withdrew from Sevastopol to prevent the advancing Bolsheviks from using her against the White Russians. She was abandoned when the Whites evacuated the Crimea
in 1920 and was scrapped in 1923.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Tri Sviatitelia
(Три Святителя) 		4 × 12 in[8] 18 in (457 mm)[8] 13,318 long tons (13,532 t)[8] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)[8] 15 August 1891[8] 12 November 1893[8] Scrapped, 1923[9]

Sissoi Veliky

Main article: Russian battleship Sissoi Veliky
A postcard of Sissoi Veliky at anchor

Sissoi Veliky was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Baltic Fleet in the 1890s. The ship's construction was marred by organizational, logistical and engineering problems and dragged on for more than five years. She was commissioned in October 1896 with an appalling number of design and construction faults, and only a few of them were fixed during her lifetime. Immediately after

naval blockade of Crete during the Greco-Turkish War. In 1897 she suffered a devastating explosion of the aft gun turret that killed 21 men. After nine months in the docks of Toulon for repairs, the ship sailed to the Far East to reinforce the Russian presence there. In the summer of 1900, Sissoi Veliky supported the international campaign against the Boxer Rebellion in China. Sailors from Sissoi Veliky and Navarin participated in the defence of the International Legations in Beijing
for more than two months.

In 1902 the ship returned to

capsized
later that morning with the loss of 47 crewmen.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Sissoi Veliky
(Сисой Великий) 		4 × 12 in[10] 14 in[10] 9,594 long tons (9,748 t)[10] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)[10] 19 May 1892[10] 1 June 1894[10] Sunk at the Battle of Tsushima, 28 May 1905[11]

Petropavlovsk class

Main article: Petropavlovsk-class battleship

The Petropavlovsk class, sometimes referred to as the Poltava class, was a

scuttled during the final stages of the Siege of Port Arthur
.

Bolsheviks later that year. She was seized by the British in early 1918 when they intervened in the Russian Civil War, abandoned by them when they withdrew and scrapped
by the Soviets in 1924.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Poltava (Полтава) 4 × 12 in[12] 14.5–16 in (368–406 mm)[12] 11,500 long tons (11,685 t)[12] 2 screws, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph)[13] 19 May 1892[12] 6 November 1894[12] Scrapped, 1924[14]
Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) 9 November 1894[12] Sunk by mine, 13 April 1904[15]
Sevastopol (Севастополь) 1 June 1895[12] Scuttled, 2 January 1905[16]

Rostislav

Rostislav circa 1901
Main article: Russian battleship Rostislav

Rostislav was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Black Sea Fleet in the 1890s. She was conceived as a small, inexpensive coastal defence ship, but the Navy abandoned the concept in favor of a compact, seagoing battleship with a displacement of 8,880 long tons (9,022 t). Poor design and construction practices increased her actual displacement by more than 1,600 long tons (1,626 t). Rostislav became the world's first capital ship to burn fuel oil, rather than coal.[17] Her combat ability was compromised by the use of 10-inch (254 mm) main guns instead of the de facto Russian standard of 12 inches.

Her hull was launched in September 1896, but non-delivery of the ship's main guns delayed her maiden voyage until 1899 and her completion until 1900. In May 1899 Rostislav became the first ship of the Imperial Navy to be commanded by a member of the

1905 Russian Revolution her crew was on the verge of mutiny but remained loyal to the regime, and actively suppressed the mutiny of the cruiser Ochakov
.

Rostislav was actively engaged in

Strait of Kerch
in November 1920.

Ship Armament Armour Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Rostislav
(Ростислав) 		4 × 10 in (254 mm)[19] 368 mm (14 in)[20] 10,520 long tons (10,689 t)[21] 2 screws, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) 30 January 1894 (actual)
19 May 1895 (formal)[22] 		2 September 1896[23] Scuttled, November 1920[24]

Peresvet class

Main article: Peresvet-class battleship
Peresvet in the Mediterranean Sea, 1901

The Peresvet class was a

hulked in 1922–1923. The ship was scrapped after the end of World War II
.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Peresvet (Пересвет) 4 × 10 in[25] 9 in[25] 13,320–14,408 long tons (13,534–14,639 t)[25] 3 screws, 3 triple-expansion steam engines, 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph)[26] 21 November 1895[25] 19 May 1898[25] Sunk by mine, 4 January 1917[27]
Oslyabya (Ослябя) 8 November 1898[25] Sunk during the Battle of Tsushima, 27 May 1905[27]
Pobeda (Победа) 30 May 1898[25] 21 February 1899[25] Scrapped, 1946[27]

Potemkin

Main article: Russian battleship Potemkin

Kniaz Potemkin Tavricheskiy («Князь Потёмкин-Таврический», 1900 BSF) – Renamed Panteleimon («Пантелеймон») 1905, renamed Potemkin-Tavricheskiy («Потёмкин-Таврический) 1917, Borets za Svobodu («Борец за Свободу») 1917, destroyed by British troops at Sevastopol 1919 {-}

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Potemkin (Князь Потёмкин-Таврический) 4 × 12 in[28] 9 in (229 mm)[28] 12,900 long tons (13,107 t)[29] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph)[30] 10 October 1898[31] 9 October 1900[31] Scrapped, 1923 [32]

Retvizan

Main article: Russian battleship Retvizan

Retvizan (Ретвизан) was a pre-dreadnought battleship built before the Russo-Japanese War for the Imperial Russian Navy in the United States. She was built by the William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company of Philadelphia, although the armament was made at the Obukhov works in Saint Petersburg and shipped to America for installation.

Retvizan was torpedoed during the Japanese surprise attack on

Port Arthur during the night of 8–9 February 1904 and grounded in the harbor entrance when she attempted to take refuge inside as her draft had significantly deepened from all of the water she had taken aboard after the torpedo hit. She was eventually refloated and repaired by mid-June. She joined the rest of the 1st Pacific Squadron when they attempted to reach Vladivostok though the Japanese blockade on 10 August. The Japanese battle fleet engaged them in the Battle of the Yellow Sea and forced most of the Russian ships to return to Port Arthur after killing the squadron commander and damaging his flagship. She was sunk by Japanese howitzers
in December after the Japanese had gained control of the heights around the harbor.

The Japanese raised her after the surrender of Port Arthur in January 1905 and repaired her. She was commissioned in the Imperial Japanese Navy as

intervention in the Russian Civil War, but was disarmed in 1922 in accordance with the Washington Naval Treaty
. She was sunk as a gunnery target in 1924.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Retvizan
(Ретвизан) 		4 × 12 in[10] 9 in[10] 12,780 long tons (12,985 t)[10] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)[10] 29 July 1899[10] 23 October 1900[10] Sunk as a target, 25 July 1924[11]

Tsesarevich

Main article: Russian battleship Tsesarevich

Tsesarevich (Цесаревич) was a pre-dreadnought built in France for the Pacific Squadron. She participated in the Russo-Japanese War, and was the flagship of Admiral Wilgelm Vitgeft in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. Her design was the basis of the Borodino-class battleships which were built in Russia.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Tsesarevich
(Цесаревич)
Renamed Grazhdanin (Гражданин), 1917 		4 × 12 in[33] 9.8 in (250 mm)[33] 13,105 long tons (13,315 t)[33] 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)[33] 8 July 1899[34] 23 February 1901[34] Scrapped, 1924[35]

Borodino class

Main article: Borodino-class battleship
Slava in Kronstadt, early 1910s

The five Borodino-class battleships (also known as the Suvorov class) were pre-dreadnoughts built between 1899 and 1905 for the Pacific Squadron. Three of the class were sunk and one captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Battle of Tsushima.

Historically, the Borodino-class battleships established two records; under Russian Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky riding in his flagship, Knyaz Suvorov, he led the Russian battleship fleet on the longest coal powered journey ever conducted by a steel battleship fleet during wartime, a voyage of over 18,000 miles (29,000 km) one way. Secondly, although sunk in battle, the Borodinos participated in the only decisive battleship fleet action ever fought. Lastly, what may be the most distinctive item of interest for the future, is the fact that the ships were constructed with tumblehome hulls, seemingly wider at the bottom then narrower towards the top. As a lesson from Tsushima, tumblehome construction was discarded in warship design, as they were regarded as unstable under combat conditions.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Borodino (Бородино) 4 × 12 in[36] 7.64 in (194 mm)[37] 14,150 long tons (14,377 t)[36] 2 screws, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph)[37] 23 May 1900[36] 8 September 1901[36] Sunk during the Battle of Tsushima, 27 May 1905[38]
Imperator Aleksandr III (Император Александр III) 23 May 1900[36] 3 August 1901[36]
Knyaz Suvorov (Князь Суворов) 8 September 1901[36] 25 September 1902[36]
Oryol (Орёл) 1 June 1900[36] 19 July 1902[36] Scrapped, 1946[39]
Slava (Слава) 1 November 1902[36] 29 August 1903[36] Scuttled after the Battle of Moon Sound, 17 October 1917[40]

Evstafi class

Main article: Evstafi-class battleship

The Evstafi class were the last pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Black Sea Fleet. They were slightly enlarged versions of the Russian battleship Potemkin, with increased armour and more guns. Numerous alterations were made as a result of experience in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 that seriously delayed the completion of the two ships.

They were the most modern ships in the Black Sea Fleet when World War I began and formed the core of the fleet for the first year of the war, before the newer dreadnoughts entered service. They forced the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben to disengage during the Battle of Cape Sarych shortly after Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire in late 1914. Both ships covered several bombardments of the Bosporus fortifications in early 1915, including one where they were attacked by Goeben, but they managed to drive her off. Later, Evstafi and Ioann Zlatoust were relegated to secondary roles after the first dreadnought entered service in late 1915, and were subsequently put into reserve in 1918 in Sevastopol.

Both ships were captured when the Germans took the city in May 1918 and were turned over to the

Armistice in November 1918. Their engines were destroyed in 1919 by the British when they withdrew from Sevastopol to prevent the advancing Bolsheviks from using them against the White Russians. They were abandoned when the Whites evacuated the Crimea
in 1920 and were scrapped in 1922–1923.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Evstafi (Евстафий) 4 × 12 in 9 in (229 mm) 12,738 long tons (12,942 t) 2 screws, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) 13 November 1904 3 November 1906 Scrapped, 1922[41]
Ioann Zlatoust (Иоанн Златоуст) 4 May 1906

Andrei Pervozvanny class

Main article: Andrei Pervozvanny-class battleship
Reval
in 1912

The Andrei Pervozvanny class were the last predreadnought battleships built for the Baltic Fleet. They were conceived by the Naval Technical Committee in 1903 as an incremental development of the

New Admiralty, Saint Petersburg in March 1904; Imperator Pavel I
trailed by six months.

The disastrous experiences of the

12-inch 40-caliber main guns. The Andrei Pervozvanny-class battleships became the only battleships of the Old World fitted with lattice masts,[a] which were replaced with conventional masts at the beginning of World War I. The imposing ships, the largest in the Russian Navy until the completion of Gangut,[b] were dated from the start: by the time of their sea trials the Royal Navy had already launched the Orion-class super-dreadnoughts
.

In the first year of World War I, Andrei Pervozvanny and Imperator Pavel I comprised the battle core of the Baltic Fleet. For most of the war they remained moored in the safety of Sveaborg and Helsingfors.[c] Idle, demoralized enlisted men subscribed to Bolshevik ideology and on March 16 [O.S. March 3] 1917 took control of the ships in a violent mutiny. The battleships survived the Ice Cruise of 1918, and Andrei Pervozvanny later ruthlessly gunned down the Krasnaya Gorka fort mutiny of 1919. After the Kronstadt rebellion the Bolshevik government lost interest in maintaining the battleships, and they were laid up in November–December 1923.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Andrei Pervozvanny (Андрей Первозванный) 4 × 12 in[43] 8.5 in (216 mm)[43] 18,580 long tons (18,878 t)[43] 2 screws, 2 triple-expansion steam engines, 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)[44] 11 May 1905[43] 30 October 1906[43] Scrapped, 1923[45]
Imperator Pavel I (Император Павел I) 27 October 1905 7 September 1907[43]

Dreadnoughts

Gangut class

Main article: Gangut-class battleship
A postcard of the battleship Poltava (1911) at full steam

The Gangut-class battleships were the first

Bolsheviks the following year. The Russians were forced to evacuate their naval base at Helsinki after Finland became independent in December 1917. The Gangut-class ships led the first contingent of ships to Kronstadt
even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen.

All of the dreadnoughts except for

hulked
preparatory to scrapping.

The two ships of the Baltic Fleet did not play a prominent role in the Winter War, but did have their anti-aircraft guns significantly increased before Operation Barbarossa in 1941. However this did not help either ship as they attempted to provide fire support for the defenders of Leningrad. Marat had her bow blown off and Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya was badly damaged by multiple bomb hits in September. The former was sunk, but later raised and became a floating battery for the duration of the Siege of Leningrad while the latter spent over a year under repair, although this was lengthened by subsequent bomb hits while in the hands of the shipyard. Both ships bombarded German and Finnish troops so long as they remained within reach, but Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya did not venture away from Kronstadt for the duration of the war. Parizhskaya Kommuna remained in Sevastopol until forced to evacuate by advancing German troops. She made one trip to besieged Sevastopol in December 1941 and made a number of bombardments in support of the Kerch Offensive during January–March 1942. She was withdrawn from combat in April as German aerial supremacy had made it too risky to risk such a large target.

Sevastopol and Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya remained on the active list after the end of the war although little is known of their activities. Both were reclassified as 'school battleships' (uchebnyi lineinyi korabl) in 1954 and stricken in 1956 after which they were slowly scrapped. There were several plans (Project 27) to reconstruct Petropavlovsk using the bow of Frunze, but they were not accepted and were formally cancelled on 29 June 1948. She was renamed Volkhov in 1950 and served as a stationary training ship until stricken in 1953 and subsequently broken up. Frunze was finally scrapped beginning in 1949.

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Gangut (Гангут) 12 × 12 in[46] 225 mm (8.9 in)[47] 24,400 long tons (24,792 t)[46] 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 24 kn (44 km/h; 28 mph)[46] 16 June 1909[48] 20 October 1911[48] Stricken, 17 February 1956[49]
Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) 22 September 1911[48] Stricken, 4 September 1953[50]
Sevastopol (Севастополь) 10 July 1911[48] Scrapped beginning in 1949.[51]
Poltava (Russian: Полтава) 23 July 1911[48] Stricken, 17 February 1956[52]

Imperatritsa Mariya class

Main article: Imperatritsa Mariya-class battleship

The Imperatritsa Mariya-class ships were the first dreadnoughts built for the Black Sea Fleet. All three ships were built in Nikolayev during World War I. Two ships were delivered in 1915 and saw some combat against ex-German warships that had been 'gifted' to the Ottoman Empire, but the third was not completed until 1917 and saw no combat due to the disorder in the navy after the February Revolution earlier that year.[53]

White Russians in 1920 who renamed her General Alekseyev. She only had one operable gun turret by this time and she provided some fire support for the Whites, but it was not enough. They were forced to evacuate the Crimea later that year and sailed for Bizerte where she was interned by the French. She was eventually scrapped there during the 1930s to pay her docking fees.[54]

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Imperatritsa Mariya (Императрица Мария) 12 × 12 in[55] 10.3 in (262.5 mm)[55] 23,413 long tons (23,789 t)[55] 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)[56] 30 October 1911[57] 19 October 1913[57] Stricken 21 November 1925[58]
Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya (Императрица Екатерина Великая) 6 June 1913[57] Scuttled, 19 June 1918[59]
Imperator Aleksandr III (Император Александр Третий) 15 April 1914[60] Sold for scrap, 1936[61]

Imperator Nikolai I

Main article: Russian battleship Imperator Nikolai I (1916)

Imperator Nikolai I (Император Николай I or Emperor Nikolai I) was built during World War I for service in the Black Sea. She was designed to counter the multiple Ottoman orders for dreadnoughts which raised the possibility that the Russian dreadnoughts being built for the Black Sea Fleet could be out-numbered. The ship used the same main armament as the preceding Imperatritsa Mariya class, but was larger and more heavily armored. Imperator Nikolai I was launched in 1916, but construction was suspended on 24 October 1917. The Soviets considered completing her in 1923, but rejected the idea. She was towed to Sevastopol in 1927 and scrapped.[62]

Ship Armament Armour Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Imperator Nikolai I (Император Николай I) 12 × 12 in[63] 10.6 in (270 mm)[63] 31,877 long tons (32,389 t)[63] 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)[64] 28 April 1915[65] 18 October 1916[65] Scrapped beginning 28 June 1927[66]

Sovetsky Soyuz class

Main article: Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleship

The Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleships (Project 23, Советский Союз), also known as "Stalin's Republics", were a class of battleships begun by the Soviet Union in the late 1930s but never brought into service. They were designed in response to the battleships being built by Germany.

laid down
by 1940, when the decision was made to cut the program to only three ships to divert resources to an expanded army rearmament program.

These ships would have rivaled the

cemented armor plates thicker than 230 millimeters (9.1 in) would have negated any advantages from the Sovetsky Soyuz class's thicker armor in combat.[68]

Construction of the first four ships was plagued with difficulties as the Soviet shipbuilding and related industries were not prepared to build such large ships. One battleship, Sovetskaya Belorussiya, was cancelled on 19 October 1940 after serious construction flaws were found. Construction of the other three ships was suspended shortly after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, and never resumed. All three of the surviving hulls were scrapped in the late 1940s.[69]

Ship Armament Armor Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Sovetsky Soyuz (Советский Союз) 9 × 406 mm (16 in)[70] 420 mm (16.5 in)[70] 65,150 t (64,121 long tons)[70] 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)[71] 15 July 1938[72] Never Ordered scrapped, 29 May 1948[73]
Sovetskaya Ukraina (Советская Украина) 31 October 1938[73] Ordered scrapped, 27 March 1947[73]
Sovetskaya Rossiya (Советская Россия) 22 July 1940[73]
Sovetskaya Belorussiya (Советская Белоруссия) 21 December 1939[70] Cancelled, 19 October 1940[74]

Foreign-built ships

Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk in 1944

Northern Fleet with the name of Arkhangelsk and used to escort convoys during the war. Returned to Britain in poor condition in 1949 when the USSR received the Italian battleship Giulio Cesare
and sold for scrap.

Ship Armament Armour Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Arkhangelsk (Архангельск) 8 × 15 in (380 mm)[75] 13 in (330 mm)[75] 29,970 long tons (30,451 t)[75] 4 screws, 4 steam turbines, 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)[75] 15 January 1914[76] 29 April 1915[76] Scrapped, 1949[77]

Novorossiysk

Novorossiysk, Sevastopol, 1950

The Italian battleship Giulio Cesare was turned over to the Soviet Union by Italy in 1948 as war reparations. Renamed Novorossiysk, she was assigned to the Black Sea Fleet. Sunk with 608 deaths following explosion in 1955; probably due to striking a leftover German mine.

Ship Armament Armour Displacement Propulsion Service
Laid down Launched Fate
Novorossiysk (Новороссийск) 10 × 320 mm (12.6 in)[78] 250 mm[79] 29,100 long tons (29,567 t)[80] 2 screws, 2 steam turbines, 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)[81] 24 June 1910[82] 15 October 1911[82] Sunk 1955, Scrapped 1957[83]

See also

  • List of battleships

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ^ "The only foreign ships to have them were the U.S.-built Argentinian Rivadavia and Moreno and the Russian Andrei Pervozvanny and Imperator Pavel I." – Morison, Morison and Polmar, p. 172.
  2. ^ Largest combatants by displacement until the completion of Gangut-class battleships in 1914. The earlier Rossia, Gromoboi and Rurik surpassed Andrei Pervozvanny in length but had significantly lesser displacement. Prior to the Gangut class, Russian Navy's largest ship by displacement was the non-combatant transport Anadyr at 19,000 tonnes.[42]
  3. ^ Suomenlinna (former Sveaborg) is now part of the city of Helsinki (former Helsingfors). Sveaborg and Helsingfors were two separate bases of the Imperial Russian Navy.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d McLaughlin 2003, p. 52.
  2. ^ a b Arbuzov 1992, p. 388.
  3. ^ a b McLaughlin 2003, pp. 46, 48.
  4. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 49.
  5. ^ a b McLaughlin 2003, pp. 46, 52.
  6. ^ a b c d e f McLaughlin 2003, p. 65.
  7. ^ Evans & Peattie 1997, p. 122.
  8. ^ a b c d e f McLaughlin 2003, p. 72.
  9. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 76.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McLaughlin 2003, p. 77.
  11. ^ a b Bogdanov 2004, p. 77.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g McLaughlin 2003, p. 84.
  13. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 85.
  14. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 91.
  15. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 90.
  16. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 92.
  17. ^ Willmott, p. 57.
  18. ^ Melnikov 2006, p. 12.
  19. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 95.
  20. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 96–97.
  21. ^ Melnikov 2006, p. 11.
  22. ^ Melnikov 2006, p. 9.
  23. ^ Melnikov 2006, p. 10.
  24. ^ Melnikov 2006, p. 77.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h McLaughlin 2003, p. 107.
  26. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 108.
  27. ^ a b c McLaughlin 2003, p. 115.
  28. ^ a b McLaughlin 2003, p. 119.
  29. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 116.
  30. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 116, 119–120.
  31. ^ a b Silverstone 1984, p. 378.
  32. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 116, 121.
  33. ^ a b c d McLaughlin 2003, p. 132.
  34. ^ a b McLaughlin 2003, p. 135.
  35. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 135, 301.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McLaughlin 2003, p. 136.
  37. ^ a b McLaughlin 2003, p. 137.
  38. ^ Silverstone 1984, pp. 373, 376, 378.
  39. ^ Silverstone 1984, p. 115.
  40. ^ Silverstone 1984, p. 385.
  41. ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 294.
  42. ^ Melnikov 2003, p. 46.
  43. ^ a b c d e f McLaughlin 2003, p. 180.
  44. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 181.
  45. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 188.
  46. ^ a b c McLaughlin 2003, pp. 243–244.
  47. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 252.
  48. ^ a b c d e McLaughlin 2003, pp. 248–249.
  49. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 225.
  50. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 413–414.
  51. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 354.
  52. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 227.
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  56. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 229.
  57. ^ a b c McLaughlin 2003, p. 231.
  58. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 242, 310.
  59. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 308.
  60. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 232.
  61. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 241, 323.
  62. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 258–259, 331.
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  67. ^ Westwood 1994, p. 202.
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  69. ^ McLaughlin 2003, pp. 387–388, 411, 413.
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  71. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 380.
  72. ^ Gribovskii 1993, p. 166.
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  74. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 387.
  75. ^ a b c d Burt 2012, p. 156.
  76. ^ a b Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 35.
  77. ^ Daniel 2003, pp. 98–99.
  78. ^ Bagnasco & Grossman 1986, p. 65.
  79. ^ McLaughlin 2003, p. 421.
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  82. ^ a b Preston 1972, p. 176.
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References

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