List of human spaceflights, 1991–2000

This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1991 to 2000, including the continuation of Russian space station Mir and the American Space Shuttle program, and the first flights to the International Space Station (ISS).

The Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. From this date onwards the former USSR constituent republics are shown as separate nationalities.

#	Crew	Launch spacecraft	Habitation		Return spacecraft	Brief mission summary
141	Steven R. Nagel (3) Kenneth D. Cameron (1) Jerry L. Ross (3) Jerome Apt (1) Linda M. Godwin (1)	5 April 1991 STS-37, Atlantis		11 April 1991 STS-37, Atlantis		Deployment of Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
142	Richard J. Hieb (1) Donald R. McMonagle (1) Charles L. Veach (1)	28 April 1991 STS-39, Discovery		6 May 1991 STS-39, Discovery		U.S. Department of Defense mission. Part-classified payload, including various science experiments and observations.
143	Helen Sharman	18 May 1991 Soyuz TM-12	Mir		26 May 1991 Soyuz TM-11	Mir crew rotation. Life science experiments. First Briton in space (Sharman). First European woman in space (Sharman).
	Anatoli Artsebarsky				10 October 1991 Soyuz TM-12
	Sergei Krikalev (2)				25 March 1992 Soyuz TM-13
144	M. Rhea Seddon (2) F. Drew Gaffney Millie E. Hughes-Fulford	5 June 1991 STS-40, Columbia		14 June 1991 STS-40, Columbia		Spacelab life sciences mission, studying humans, rodents and jellyfish.
145	Shannon W. Lucid (3) James C. Adamson (2) G. David Low (2)	2 August 1991 STS-43, Atlantis		11 August 1991 STS-43, Atlantis		Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite -5.
146	James F. Buchli (4) Charles D. Gemar (2) Mark N. Brown (2)	12 September 1991 STS-48, Discovery		18 September 1991 STS-48, Discovery		Deployment of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).
147	Toktar Aubakirov Franz Viehböck	2 October 1991 Soyuz TM-13	Mir		10 October 1991 Soyuz TM-12	Mir crew rotation. First Kazakh in space (Aubakirov). First Austrian in space (Viehböck).
147	Aleksandr Volkov (3)	2 October 1991 Soyuz TM-13	Mir		25 March 1992 Soyuz TM-13
148	Mario Runco (1) James S. Voss (1) Thomas J. Hennen	24 November 1991 STS-44, Atlantis		1 December 1991 STS-44, Atlantis		U.S. Department of Defense mission. Deployment of Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite.
149	Roberta L. Bondar Ulf Merbold (2)	22 January 1992 STS-42, Discovery		30 January 1992 STS-42, Discovery		International Microgravity Laboratory-1 (IML-1). Life sciences and materials processing experiments. First Canadian woman in space (Bondar).
150	Klaus-Dietrich Flade	17 March 1992 Soyuz TM-14	Mir		25 March 1992 Soyuz TM-13	First Soyuz mission since the collapse of the USSR.
150	Aleksandr Viktorenko (3) Aleksandr Kaleri (1)	17 March 1992 Soyuz TM-14	Mir		10 August 1992 Soyuz TM-14	First Soyuz mission since the collapse of the USSR.
151	C. Michael Foale (1) Byron K. Lichtenberg (2) Dirk Frimout	24 March 1992 STS-45, Atlantis		2 April 1992 STS-45, Atlantis		Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1): international experiments in atmospheric and astronomical research. First Belgian in space (Frimout).
152	Richard J. Hieb (2) Thomas D. Akers (2) Bruce E. Melnick (2)	7 May 1992 STS-49, Endeavour		16 May 1992 STS-49, Endeavour		Retrieval and redeployment of INTELSAT VI (F-3) satellite. Demonstration of maintenance and assembly capabilities for Space Station Freedom .
153	Kenneth D. Bowersox (1) Bonnie J. Dunbar (3) Lawrence J. DeLucas Ellen S. Baker (2) Carl J. Meade (2) Eugene H. Trinh	25 June 1992 STS-50, Columbia		9 July 1992 STS-50, Columbia		United States Microgravity Laboratory-I (USML-1): various microgravity experiments.
154	Michael Tognini (1)	27 July 1992 Soyuz TM-15	Mir		10 August 1992 Soyuz TM-14	Mir crew rotation.
154	Sergei Avdeyev (1)	27 July 1992 Soyuz TM-15	Mir		1 February 1993 Soyuz TM-15	Mir crew rotation.
155	Marsha S. Ivins (2) Franco Malerba	31 July 1992 STS-46, Atlantis		8 August 1992 STS-46, Atlantis		Deployment of ESA's EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier). Deployment of joint NASA/Italian Space Agency Tethered Satellite System (TSS) (failed). First Swiss in space (Nicollier). First Italian in space (Malerba).
156	Mae C. Jemison Mamoru Mohri (1)	12 September 1992 STS-47, Endeavour		20 September 1992 STS-47, Endeavour		50th Space Shuttle mission. Joint NASA and NASDA mission. Conducted microgravity investigations in materials and life sciences. First African-American woman in space (Jemison).
157	Steven G. MacLean (1)	22 October 1992 STS-52, Columbia		1 November 1992 STS-52, Columbia		Deployment of Laser Geodynamic Satellite II (LAGEOS-II). US Microgravity Payload-1 (USMP-1): physics experiments.
158	Guion S. Bluford (4) James S. Voss (2) Michael R. Clifford (1)	2 December 1992 STS-53, Discovery		9 December 1992 STS-53, Discovery		Classified US Department of Defense primary payload, reportedly a reconnaissance satellite. Miscellaneous unclassified science experiments.
159	Susan J. Helms (1)	13 January 1993 STS-54, Endeavour		19 January 1993 STS-54, Endeavour		Deployment of fifth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-F). Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) and microgravity experiments.
160	Gennadi Manakov (2) Aleksandr Poleshchuk	24 January 1993 Soyuz TM-16	Mir		22 July 1993 Soyuz TM-16	Docking system tests.
161	Kenneth D. Cockrell (1) Ellen L. Ochoa (1)	8 April 1993 STS-56, Discovery		17 April 1993 STS-56, Discovery		Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-2 (ATLAS-2). Atmospheric and solar science research.
162	Bernard A. Harris (1) Ulrich Walter Hans Schlegel (1)	26 April 1993 STS-55, Columbia		6 May 1993 STS-55, Columbia		German-sponsored Spacelab flight: miscellaneous science experiments.
163	Peter J. Wisoff (1) Janice E. Voss (1)	21 June 1993 STS-57, Endeavour		1 July 1993 STS-57, Endeavour		First SPACEHAB flight: biomedical and materials sciences experiments. Retrieval of ESA's EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier).
164	Jean-Pierre Haigneré (1)	1 July 1993 Soyuz TM-17	Mir		22 July 1993 Soyuz TM-16	Mir crew rotation.
164	Vasili Tsiblyev (1) Aleksandr Serebrov (4)	1 July 1993 Soyuz TM-17	Mir		13 January 1994 Soyuz TM-17	Mir crew rotation.
165	Frank L. Culbertson (2) William F. Readdy (2) James H. Newman (1) Daniel W. Bursch (1) Carl E. Walz (1)	12 September 1993 STS-51, Discovery		22 September 1993 STS-51, Discovery		Deployment of Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). Ultraviolet astronomical observations.
166	Shannon W. Lucid (4) Martin J. Fettman	18 October 1993 STS-58, Columbia		1 November 1993 STS-58, Columbia		Spacelab life sciences mission.
167	F. Story Musgrave (5) Kathryn C. Thornton (3) Claude Nicollier (2) Jeffrey A. Hoffman (4) Thomas D. Akers (3)	2 December 1993 STS-61, Endeavour		13 December 1993 STS-61, Endeavour		First Hubble Space Telescope repair servicing mission.
168	Yuri Usachyev (1)	8 January 1994 Soyuz TM-18	Mir		9 July 1994 Soyuz TM-18	Mir crew rotation.
168	Valeri Polyokov (2)	8 January 1994 Soyuz TM-18	Mir		22 March 1995 Soyuz TM-20	Mir crew rotation.
169	Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (4) Sergei Krikalev (3)	3 February 1994 STS-60, Discovery		11 February 1994 STS-60, Discovery		SPACEHAB-2: materials science and life sciences investigations. Wake Shield Facility -1 deployment. Medical and radiological investigations. First Russian to fly aboard the Space Shuttle (Krikalev).
170	Marsha S. Ivins (3)	4 March 1994 STS-62, Columbia		18 March 1994 STS-62, Columbia		Miscellaneous scientific experiments.
171	Thomas D. Jones (1)	9 April 1994 STS-59, Endeavour		20 April 1994 STS-59, Endeavour		Radar mapping of Earth and atmospheric research.
172	Yuri Malenchenko (1) Talgat Musabayev (1)	3 July 1994 Soyuz TM-19	Mir		4 November 1994 Soyuz TM-19	Medical and materials science experiments. Mir repairs.
173	Richard J. Hieb (3) Carl E. Walz (2) Leroy Chiao (1) Donald A. Thomas (1) Chiaki Naito-Mukai (1)	8 July 1994 STS-65, Columbia		23 July 1994 STS-65, Columbia		International Microgravity Laboratory-2: miscellaneous microgravity experiments. First Japanese woman in space (Naito-Mukai).
174	Susan J. Helms (2) Carl J. Meade (3) Mark C. Lee (3)	9 September 1994 STS-64, Discovery		20 September 1994 STS-64, Discovery		Atmospheric and solar observations.
175	Peter J.K. Wisoff (2)	30 September 1994 STS-68, Endeavour		11 October 1994 STS-68, Endeavour		Radar imaging of Earth.
176	Ulf Merbold (3)	4 October 1994 Soyuz TM-20	Mir		4 November 1994 Soyuz TM-19	Mir crew rotation.
176	Aleksandr Viktorenko (4) Yelena Kondakova (1)	4 October 1994 Soyuz TM-20	Mir		22 March 1995 Soyuz TM-20	Mir crew rotation.
177	Curtis L. Brown (2) Ellen L. Ochoa (2) Scott E. Parazynski (1) Joseph R. Tanner (1) Jean-François Clervoy (1)	3 November 1994 STS-66, Atlantis		14 November 1994 STS-66, Atlantis		Atmospheric research.
178	Vladimir G. Titov (3)	3 February 1995 STS-63, Discovery		11 February 1995 STS-63, Discovery		Rendezvous maneuver with Mir. First female pilot (Collins). EVA by an African-American astronaut (Harris).
179	Ronald A. Parise (2) Samuel T. Durrance (2)	2 March 1995 STS-67, Endeavour		18 March 1995 STS-67, Endeavour		Ultraviolet astronomy studies.
180	Norman E. Thagard (5) Vladimir Dezhurov (1) Gennady Strekalov (5)	14 March 1995 Soyuz TM-21	Mir		7 July 1995 STS-71, Atlantis	First American to visit Mir (Thagard).
181	Robert L. Gibson (5) Charles J. Precourt (2) Ellen S. Baker (3) Bonnie J. Dunbar (4) Gregory J. Harbaugh (3)	27 June 1995 STS-71, Atlantis	Mir		7 July 1995 STS-71, Atlantis	First Shuttle-Mir docking. Biomedical experiments. Mir crew rotation and resupply.
181	Anatoly Solovyev (4) Nikolai Budarin (1)	27 June 1995 STS-71, Atlantis	Mir		11 September 1995 Soyuz TM-21
182	Mary E. Weber (1)	13 July 1995 STS-70, Discovery		22 July 1995 STS-70, Discovery		Deployment of 7th Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Biological and biomedical studies.
183	Yuri Ghidzenko (1) Thomas Reiter (1)	3 September 1995 Soyuz TM-22	Mir		29 February 1996 Soyuz TM-22	Mir crew rotation. First EVA by a German cosmonaut (Reiter).
184	Kenneth D. Cockrell (2) James S. Voss (3) James H. Newman (2) Michael L. Gernhardt (1)	7 September 1995 STS-69, Endeavour		18 September 1995 STS-69, Endeavour		Solar observations. Wake Shield Facility-2 deployment.
185	Fred W. Leslie Albert Sacco	20 October 1995 STS-73, Columbia		5 November 1995 STS-73, Columbia		Microgravity experiments.
186	Chris A. Hadfield (1)	12 November 1995 STS-74, Atlantis	Mir		20 November 1995 STS-74, Atlantis	Second Shuttle-Mir docking. Delivery of Russian docking module and solar arrays.
187	Brent W. Jett (1) Leroy Chiao (2) Daniel T. Barry (1) Winston E. Scott (1) Koichi Wakata (1)	11 January 1996 STS-72, Endeavour		20 January 1996 STS-72, Endeavour		Capture and return to Earth of Space Flyer Unit (Japanese microgravity research spacecraft).
188	Yuri Usachyev (2)	21 February 1996 Soyuz TM-23	Mir		2 September 1996 Soyuz TM-23
189	Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (5) Maurizio Cheli Jeffrey A. Hoffman (5) Claude Nicollier (3) Umberto Guidoni (1)	22 February 1996 STS-75, Columbia		9 March 1996 STS-75, Columbia		Deployment of Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1R) (reflight, partial success). Microgravity research.
190	Kevin P. Chilton (3) Richard A. Searfoss (2) Linda M. Godwin (3) Michael R. Clifford (3) Ronald M. Sega (2)	22 March 1996 STS-76, Atlantis	Mir		31 March 1996 STS-76, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply. First American woman on Mir (Lucid).
190	Shannon W. Lucid (5)	22 March 1996 STS-76, Atlantis	Mir		26 September 1996 STS-79, Atlantis
191	Mario Runco, Jr. (3) J. Marc Garneau (2) Andrew S.W. Thomas (1)	19 May 1996 STS-77, Endeavour		29 May 1996 STS-77, Endeavour		SPACEHAB -4: miscellaneous science experiments. Deployment of Spartan-207/IAE (Inflatable Antenna Experiment) satellite. Rendezvous with experimental satellite.
192	Charles E. Brady Jean-Jacques Favier Robert B. Thirsk (1)	20 June 1996 STS-78, Columbia		7 July 1996 STS-78, Columbia		Microgravity, human physiology and life sciences research.
193	Claudie Haigneré (1)	18 August 1996 Soyuz TM-24	Mir		2 September 1996 Soyuz TM-23	Mir crew rotation. Biological and medical experiments. First Frenchwoman in space (Andre-Deshays).
193	Valery Korzun (1) Aleksandr Kaleri (2)	18 August 1996 Soyuz TM-24	Mir		2 March 1997 Soyuz TM-24
194	William F. Readdy (3) Terrence W. Wilcutt (2) Thomas D. Akers (4) Jerome Apt (4) Carl E. Walz (3)	16 September 1996 STS-79, Atlantis	Mir		26 September 1996 STS-79, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply. Miscellaneous scientific experiments.
194	John E. Blaha (5)	16 September 1996 STS-79, Atlantis	Mir		22 January 1997 STS-81, Atlantis
195	F. Story Musgrave (6)	19 November 1996 STS-80, Columbia		7 December 1996 STS-80, Columbia		Deployment and retrieval of Shuttle Pallet Satellite II (ORFEUS-SPAS II).
196	Peter J.K. Wisoff (3)	12 January 1997 STS-81, Atlantis	Mir		22 January 1997 STS-81, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
196	Jerry M. Linenger (2)	12 January 1997 STS-81, Atlantis	Mir		24 May 1997 STS-84, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
197	Reinhold Ewald	10 February 1997 Soyuz TM-25	Mir		2 March 1997 Soyuz TM-24	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
197	Vasili Tsibliev (2) Aleksandr Lazutkin	10 February 1997 Soyuz TM-25	Mir		14 August 1997 Soyuz TM-25	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
198	Steven L. Smith (2) Joseph R. Tanner (2)	11 February 1997 STS-82, Discovery		21 February 1997 STS-82, Discovery		Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission.
199	Susan L. Still (1) Janice E. Voss (3) Donald A. Thomas (3) Michael L. Gernhardt (2) Roger K. Crouch (1) Gregory T. Linteris (1)	4 April 1997 STS-83, Columbia		8 April 1997 STS-83, Columbia		Microgravity experiments. Mission cut short due to fuel cell problems.
200	Edward T. Lu (1) Yelena Kondakova (2)	15 May 1997 STS-84, Atlantis	Mir		24 May 1997 STS-84, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply. First joint US-Russian space walk.
200	C. Michael Foale (4)	15 May 1997 STS-84, Atlantis	Mir		6 October 1997 STS-86, Atlantis
201	Susan L. Still (2) Janice E. Voss (4) Donald A. Thomas (4) Michael L. Gernhardt (3) Roger K. Crouch (2) Gregory T. Linteris (2)	1 July 1997 STS-94, Columbia		17 July 1997 STS-94, Columbia		Microgravity experiments. Reflight of curtailed STS-83 mission.
202	Anatoly Solovyev (5) Pavel Vinogradov (1)	6 August 1997 Soyuz TM-26	Mir		19 February 1998 Soyuz TM-26	Mir repair.
203	Stephen K. Robinson (1) Bjarni V. Tryggvason	7 August 1997 STS-85, Discovery		19 August 1997 STS-85, Discovery		Atmospheric research.
204	James D. Wetherbee (4) Michael J. Bloomfield (1) Vladimir Titov (4) Scott E. Parazynski (2) Jean-Loup Chrétien (3) Wendy B. Lawrence (2)	25 September 1997 STS-86, Atlantis	Mir		6 October 1997 STS-86, Atlantis	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
204	David A. Wolf (2)	25 September 1997 STS-86, Atlantis	Mir		31 January 1998 STS-89, Endeavour	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
205	Steven W. Lindsey (1) Winston E. Scott (2) Kalpana Chawla (1) Takao Doi (1) Leonid Kadeniuk	19 November 1997 STS-87, Columbia		5 December 1997 STS-87, Columbia		Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Japanese EVA (Doi). First Ukrainian in space (Kadenyuk).
206	Joe F. Edwards Bonnie J. Dunbar (5) Michael P. Anderson (1) James F. Reilly (1) Salizhan Sharipov (1)	22 January 1998 STS-89, Endeavour	Mir		31 January 1998 STS-89, Endeavour	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
206	Andrew S.W. Thomas (2)	22 January 1998 STS-89, Endeavour	Mir		12 June 1998 STS-91, Discovery	Mir crew rotation and resupply.
207	Léopold Eyharts (1)	29 January 1998 Soyuz TM-27	Mir		19 February 1998 Soyuz TM-26	Mir crew rotation.
207	Talgat Musabayev (2) Nikolai Budarin (2)	29 January 1998 Soyuz TM-27	Mir		25 August 1998 Soyuz TM-27	Mir crew rotation.
208	James A. Pawelzyk	17 April 1998 STS-90, Columbia		3 May 1998 STS-90, Columbia		Neuroscience research. Final Spacelab mission.
209	Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (6) Janet L. Kavandi (1) Valery Ryumin (4)	2 June 1998 STS-91, Discovery	Mir		12 June 1998 STS-91, Discovery	Final Shuttle-Mir docking. Mir crew rotation and resupply. Astrophysics research.
210	Yuri Baturin (1)	15 August 1998 Soyuz TM-28	Mir		25 August 1998 Soyuz TM-27	Mir crew rotation.
	Gennady Padalka (1)				28 February 1999 Soyuz TM-28
	Sergei Avdeyev (3)				28 August 1999 Soyuz TM-29
211	John H. Glenn (2)	29 October 1998 STS-95, Discovery		7 November 1998 STS-95, Discovery		Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Spaniard in space (Duque). Veteran John Glenn returned to space aged 77.
212	Nancy J. Sherlock Currie (3) Jerry L. Ross (6) James H. Newman (3) Sergei Krikalev (4)	4 December 1998 STS-88, Endeavour	ISS		15 December 1998 STS-88, Endeavour	First Unity Node Module .
213	Ivan Bella	20 February 1999 Soyuz TM-29	Mir		28 February 1999 Soyuz TM-28	Mir crew rotation. First Slovak in space (Bella).
213	Viktor Afanasyev (3) Jean-Pierre Haigneré (2)	20 February 1999 Soyuz TM-29	Mir		28 August 1999 Soyuz TM-29	Mir crew rotation. First Slovak in space (Bella).
214	Valery Tokarev (1)	27 May 1999 STS-96, Discovery	ISS		6 June 1999 STS-96, Discovery	Second ISS flight. ISS assembly and resupply.
215	Catherine G. Coleman (2) Michel Tognini (2)	23 July 1999 STS-93, Columbia		27 July 1999 STS-93, Columbia		Deployment of Chandra X-ray Observatory. First female Shuttle Commander (Collins).
216	C. Michael Foale (5) John M. Grunsfeld (3) Claude Nicollier (4) Jean-François Clervoy (3)	19 December 1999 STS-103, Discovery		27 December 1999 STS-103, Discovery		Hubble Space Telescope servicing.
217	Kevin R. Kregel (4) Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie (2) Janet L. Kavandi (2) Janice E. Voss (5) Mamoru Mohri (2) Gerhard Thiele	11 February 2000 STS-99, Endeavour		22 February 2000 STS-99, Endeavour		Radar topographic mapping of Earth's surface.
218	Sergei Zalyotin (1) Aleksandr Kaleri (3)	4 April 2000 Soyuz TM-30	Mir		16 June 2000 Soyuz TM-30	Mir repairs. 39th and final Mir mission.
219	Yuri Usachev (3)	19 May 2000 STS-101, Atlantis	ISS		29 May 2000 STS-101, Atlantis	ISS construction and supply.
220	Richard A. Mastracchio (1) Yuri Malenchenko (2) Boris Morukov	8 September 2000 STS-106, Atlantis	ISS		19 September 2000 STS-106, Atlantis	ISS supply. Preparation for first long-term crew.
221	Michael E. Lopez-Alegria (2) William S. McArthur (3)	11 October 2000 STS-92, Discovery	ISS		24 October 2000 STS-92, Discovery	ISS construction and outfitting. 100th Space Shuttle mission.
222	William M. Shepherd (4)	31 October 2000 Soyuz TM-31	ISS (crew 1)		21 March 2001 STS-102, Discovery	First ISS Expedition Crew.
223	Brent W. Jett (3) Michael J. Bloomfield (2) Joseph R. Tanner (3) J. Marc Garneau (3) Carlos I. Noriega (2)	30 November 2000 STS-97, Endeavour	ISS		11 December 2000 STS-97, Endeavour	ISS construction and supply. Delivery of the first set of solar arrays and batteries.

References

See also

References