List of incidents of civil unrest in France
This is a list of incidents of civil disorder that have occurred France since the 13th century, including riots, strikes, violent labor disputes, minor insurrections, and other forms of civil unrest.
13th century
- 1229: 1229 University of Paris strike, riots at the University of Paris that resulted in a number of student deaths and reforms of the medieval university.
- 1251: Shepherds' Crusade, attacks on monasteries, universities and Jews.
- 1257: Revolt in Marseille
- 1261: Revolt in Marseille
- 1270: Tax revolt in Cahors
- 1274: Revolt in Limoges
- 1276: Revolt in Limoges
- 1281: Revolt in Rouen
- 1292: Tax revolt in Rouen
14th century
- 1307: Revolt in Paris
- 1309: Crusade of the Poor in northern Europe and notably Picardy, Avignon and Marseille
- 1320: Shepherds' Crusade, widespread violence in France and Aragon
- 1338: Peasant revolt near Laon
- 1347: Tax revolt in Rouen
- 1351: Tax revolt in Rouen
- 1358: Jacquerie peasant revolt in northern France
- 1364: Peasant revolt near Toulouse
- 1378–1384: Tuchin revolt in southern France
- 1378–1382: Tax revolts across France, including the Harelle and Maillotins uprisings in Rouen and Paris
15th century
- 1407–1435: Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War
- 1413: Cabochien revolt in Paris
- 1418: Revolt in Châlons-en-Champagne
- 1440: Praguerie, a noble rebellion
- 1465: League of the Public Weal, a noble rebellion
- 1485–1488: Mad War, a noble rebellion
16th century
- 1505: Riot in Nîmes
- 1506: Riot in Carcassonne
- 1507: Riot in Nevers
- 1514: Tax revolt in Agen
- 1516: Riot in Laval
- 1519: Revolt in Libourne
- 1521: Peasant revolt in Lantriac and Velay
- 1521: Grain riots in Aix, Marseille and Tarascon
- 1522: Revolt in Meaux
- 1522: Grain riots in Beauvais and Tours
- 1523: Revolt of Captain Montélon in Ile-de-France
- 1525: Riots in Romans
- 1526: Riots in Dijon
- 1526–1527: Peasant riots in Sarladais
- 1528: Wine tax revolt in Bordeaux
- 1529: Grande Rebeyne in Lyon, riots in Dijon and Troyes
- 1535: Riot in Foix
- 1536: Peasant revolt in Provence, tax riot in Le Puy
- 1537: Fighting between gendarmerie and commons in Albi
- 1539: Gabelle salt tax revolt in Bordeaux, tax riot in Vermandois
- 1539–1542: Strikes over printers' wages in Lyon and Paris
- 1542: Gabelle revolt in La Rochelle, riots in Rouen and Tours
- 1544: Revolt over taxes and religion in Saint-Maixent
- 1545: Tax revolts and riots in Niort, Saintes, Périgueux, St Foy, Duras, Rouen and Comminges
- 1545: Mérindol massacre
- 1545–1546: Religious agitation across France
- 1545–1547: Riots in Vitry over real estate speculation
- 1548–1549: Revolt of the Pitauds in south-west France
- 1552: Revolt in Nay
- 1553: Riots in Le Puy
- 1554: Peasant revolt in Normandy
- 1560: Amboise Conspiracy, a failed attempt by Protestant nobles and ministers to seize the King.
- 1560: Maligny Affair: an abortive Protestant uprising in the city of Lyon, backed by nobles and ministers including John Calvin.[1]
- 1561: Saint Médard Riot, a violent religious action in Paris that saw a church seized and more than ten killed.[2]
- 1562–1598: French Wars of Religion
- 1562: Roman Catholic Church in violent clashes that ended with the deaths of between 3,000–5,000 citizens of the French city of Toulouse.
- 1572: St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
- 1588: Day of the barricades, an uprising by the radical Catholics against the more moderate Henry III.
- 1562:
- 1593–1595: Croquant rebellions in south-west France
17th century
- 1620: Battle of Ponts-de-Cé, a rebellion by Marie de' Medici is defeated by King Louis XIII.
- 1620–1629: The Huguenot rebellions, a series of southern revolts in part led by Henri, Duke of Rohan in response to increasing reversals of the Edict of Nantes.
- 1624: Peasant rebellion in Quercy
- 1632: Battle of Castelnaudary, a rebellion by Gaston, Duke of Orléans is defeated by royal forces.
- 1635–1637: Croquant rebellions in south-west France
- 1638–1642: Croquant rebellions in south-west France
- 1639: Revolt of the va-nu-pieds, a rebellion in Normandy
- 1643: Croquant rebellions in Rouergue
- 1645: Tax revolt in Montpellier
- 1648–1653: The Louis XIV.
- 1650: Croquant rebellions in Limousin
- 1655–1657: Tardanizat rebellion in Guyenne
- 1658: Sabotiers rebellion in Sologne
- 1661–1662: Benauge rebellion in Guyenne
- 1662: Lustucru rebellion in Boulonnais
- 1663–1665: Audijos rebellion
- 1667–1668: Angelet revolt in Roussillon
- 1670: Vivarais revolt
- 1670–1674: Angelet revolt in Roussillon
- 1675: Revolt of the papier timbré, a rebellion in Brittany
- 1693–1694: Food riots during the Great Famine of 1693–1694
- 1698: Food riots
18th century
- 1702–1710: Camisard Rebellion, a prolonged local guerrilla war by Protestants of the Cévennes region in the wake of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV.
- 1707: Croquant rebellions in Quercy
- 1709–1710: Food riots during the famine of 1709–1710
- 1718–1720: Pontcallec conspiracy, a rebellion in Brittany
- 1725: Food riot in Paris
- 1739–1740: Food riots
- 1749: Food riots
- 1752: Food riots
- 1768: Food riots
- 1770: Food riots
- 1775: Flour War, a wave of riots in April to May 1775, that followed an increase in grain and bread prices, because police withheld grain from the royal stores in addition to poor harvests.
- 1785: Food riots
- 1786: Révolte des deux sous in Lyon
- 1788: Day of the Tiles in Grenoble
- 1789–1799: French Revolution, a revolution that overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that forcibly brought many of its ideals to Western Europe.
19th century
- 1811–1812: Food riots
- 1816–1817: Food riots
- 1829–1830: Food riots
- 1830: The July Revolution, which led to the abdication of Charles X and establishment of the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe I.
- 1831: Canut revolt in Lyon, violent demonstrations in Paris and other cities
- 1832: The June Rebellion, an anti-monarchist insurrection of Parisian republicans on 5 and 6 June 1832. Legitimist insurrections and protests in the west and south. Food riots in the east and southwest.
- 1834: Canut revolt in Lyon
- 1839: Coup attempt in Paris led by Société des Saisons.
- 1839–1840: Food riots
- 1840: Strikes in Paris
- 1841: Tax revolt in south-west France
- 1845: Wool worker strikes in Lodève
- 1846–1847: Food riots around Paris
- 1848: French Revolution of 1848, street fighting in Paris resulting in the overthrow of the July Monarchy and proclamation of the French Second Republic.
- 1848: French demonstration of 15 May 1848, an event played out in the streets of Paris that was intended to reverse the results of a Second Republic election of deputies to the Constituent Assembly.
- 1848: The June Days uprising, an insurrection staged by Radical Republicans dissatisfied by the lack of social and class reform under the Second Republic.
- 1849: Insurrections in Paris and Lyon
- 1851: 1851 French coup d'état
- 1853–1854: Food riots
- 1868: Food riots
- 1869: Violent strikes in St Etienne and Aubin
- 1871: Paris Commune, a radical socialist and revolutionary government that took power in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871.
- 1880: Violent strikes
- 1891–1894: Violent strikes and anarchist terrorism
- 1893: Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes
20th century
- 1900–1901: Violent strikes in Belfort and Marseille
- 1906–1907: Violent strikes
- 1907: Revolt of the Languedoc winegrowers
- 1908: Strikes in Nantes
- 1910–1911: Champagne Riots, resulted from a series of problems faced by grape growers in the Champagne area of France.
- 1919–1920: Violent strikes
- 1921: Violence that broke out at the premiere of the play The Gas Heart.
- 1926: Bloody Sunday, political clashes that occurred in Colmar, Alsace on August 22, 1926.
- 1934: far-right leaguesthat culminated in a riot
- 1936: General strike by one million workers
- 1947: 1947 strikes in France, a series of insurrectional strikes
- 1958: May 1958 crisis in France
- 1961: Algiers putsch of 1961
- 1968: May 1968 events in France, a volatile period of civil unrest that was punctuated by demonstrations and massive general strikes as well as the occupation of universities and factories across France.
- 1979: Youths of North African origin rioted in the Lyon suburb of Vaulx-en-Velin following an arrest of a local youth. Believed to be the first suburban riot in French history.[3]
- 1981: Rodéo (riot), riots that consisted of stealing cars, driving them in tight circles, and ultimately burning them.
- 1990: Rioting in Vaulx-en-Velin after a young man of Spanish origin was killed in a motorbike crash allegedly caused by police.[3]
- 1991: Violence broke out in Sartrouville after the fatal shooting of an Arab teenager by a supermarket security guard.[4]
- 1991: Rioting occurred in Mantes-la-Jolie after a policewoman and an Algerian man were killed.[5]
- 1992: Following the death of 18-year-old Mohamed Bahri in Vaulx-en-Velin at the hands of police, youths attacked the town's police station and burned cars.[3]
- 1995: Rioting in several eastern suburbs of Lyon following the police killing of terrorist Khaled Kelkal, a key organizer of the 1995 France bombings
- 1997: Rioting occurred in Dammarie-lès-Lys after 16-year-old Abdelkadher Bouziane was shot and killed by police and his 19-year-old friend wounded.[6]
- 1998: Two days of riots occurred in suburban Toulouse after 17-year-old Habib Muhammed was shot by police during a car theft.[7]
21st century
- 2005: 2005 French riots, a series of riots that occurred in the suburbs of Paris and other French cities involving the burning of cars and public buildings at night.
- 2006: 2006 youth protests in France, riots resulting from opposition to a measure set to deregulate labour in France.
- 2007: 2007 Villiers-le-Bel riots, riots in the Val-d'Oise department that began following the deaths of two teenagers whose motorcycle collided with a police vehicle.
- 2007–09: 2007–09 university protests in France, protest movements resulting from several reform projects under Minister for Higher Education and Research Valérie Pécresse.
- 2009: 2009 French riots, a series of riots that occurred on Bastille Day (14 July) in the commune of Montreuil, an eastern suburb area of Paris.
- 2012: Notre Dame-des Landes Communities from nearby towns prevent an airport from being built on Notre Dame-des Landes forest and agricultural fields.
- 2013: 2013 Trappes riots, riots that broke out after police arrested a man who assaulted a police officer who tried to check the identity of his wife wearing a Muslim veil
- 2014: 2014 Sarcelles riots, a pro-Palestinian protest against the Israeli ground invasion of Gaza degenerated into an antisemitic riot in Sarcelles, France.
- 2016: 2016 French taxi driver strike, a strike by taxi drivers in several major cities against Uber, included many road blockades, fires, overturned vehicles, and the blockade of roads leading to the two major airports in Paris.[8]
- 2016: Nuit debout, protests that grew out of opposition to proposed labor reforms.
- 2017: Protests started following accusations a police officer anally raped a young black man with a baton.[9] Anti-police protests continued well into March 2017 when migrants were met with resistance from Paris residents.
- 2017: During May Day protests in Paris, a group of about 150[10] hooded demonstrators disrupted the march, throwing "Molotov cocktails, firebombs and other objects at the police near Place de la Bastille."[11] These "violent protesters, who did not carry any union or election paraphernalia, appeared to be from the same fringe groups that have targeted anti-government protests in the past."[11] Riot police responded with batons and tear gas.[11] Six police officers were injured, two of them seriously, by petrol bombs.[12]
- 2018: Ongoing wealth disparityand ongoing increases to fuel taxes.
- 2022: 2022 Corsica unrest by Corsican nationalists in response to prison attack on Yvan Colonna
- 2022: 2022 Paris shooting, protests after the killing of three Kurds in Paris.
- 2023: 2023 French pension reform strikes due to the planned raise in retirement age from 62 to 64 years old.
- 2023: Nahel Merzouk protests and unrest after the killing of a teenagerby police near Paris.
- 2024: 2024 French farmers' protests against low food prices, proposed reductions in state subsidies for farmers' diesel fuel, and a EU-Mercosur free trade agreement.
See also
References
- ISBN 978-1-60618-085-3.
- ISBN 0-8047-0972-6.
- ^ a b c Motta, Alessio. "Police blunders and riots". cairn-int.info. CAIRN INFO. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- ^ Phillips, John. "Youth of Paris suburbs rampage again". upi.com. UPI. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "Riot Police Sent to Paris Suburbs". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ Pivois, Marce (20 December 2017). "Deux jeunes abattus par la police en deux jours. Soirées de violence à Dammarie-les-Lys. Mercredi, un jeune a été victime des balles d'un policier". liberation.fr (in French). Libération. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ Finn, Gary (December 15, 1998). "Second day of Toulouse riots over killing". independent.co.uk. The Independent. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "One in five flights cancelled as France hit by aviation, taxi strikes". France 24. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
- Independent.co.uk. 16 February 2017.
- ^ "May Day in France: Six officers injured in riots". Ten Network Holdings. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ a b c "May Day violence breaks out in Paris; demonstrations around the world". Fox News. Associated Press. May 1, 2017.
- ^ "Riot officers injured after petrol bombs thrown in Paris clashes". ITV. May 1, 2017.