Muhammad al-Taqi
828–840
- al-Taqi (lit. 'the pious')
- Sahib al-Rasa'il(lit. 'lord of the epistles')
(approximately 789/790)
(approximately 839/840)
- Abd Allah al-Radi
- Sa'id al-Khayr
- Ahmad al-Wafi (father)
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Abu al-Husayn Ahmad ibn Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Isma'il (
With the death of
Historical background
With the death of
Modern historian of the Fatimid period, Shainool Jiwa, explains that during dawr al-satr (765–909 CE) Isma'ili doctrine had spread as far as from Yemen to Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria), with its most prominent adherents being the Kutama Berbers of North Africa.[9]
Life
Ahmad ibn Abd Allah was born in 174/790.
According to the 10-th century Arab scholar Ibn al-Nadim (d. 995), al-Taqi sent the da'i al-Husayn al-Ahwazi to the environs (sawād) of Kufa.[11][19] The latter converted Hamdan Qarmat and founded the "Qarmatian" sect of Iraq.[11][20][19] The anti-Isma'ili writer Akhu Muhsin (d. 965) claimed that al-Taqi directed the da'i Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i to the Maghreb in 279/892–93 and thus laid the foundation for later Fatimid power there.[11]
Sectarian literature attributes to him the publication of the
It was when the Possessor of the Right [i.e Imam Muhammad al-Taqi) was informed about this theory that he compiled his Encyclopedia, revealing in it four philosophical disciplines, which his enemies could not do. With the help of this the pillars of the sharia have been strengthened, and its laws have become enforced by the support of parallels, and allusions to the real meaning, which neither could be neglected, nor regarded as impossible.[27]
— Idris Imad al-Din, Zahr al-maʿānī
According to the Isma'ili tradition, caliph al-Ma'mun was eager to discover the source of Rasāʿil Ikhwān al-ṣafā' and gathered a group of scholars to discuss the text: a representative of al-Taqi, popularly referred to as Da'i al-Tirmidhi, participated in these discussions.[18][17] al-Ma'mun pretended to have completely accepted Isma'ili doctrine and expressed the desire to meet with al-Taqi, and said, "I am an ardent lover of the Imam [al-Taqi]. I cherish a desire to hand over my caliphate to the Imam when I behold him and will serve him wholeheartedly."[17] Al-Tirmidhi was not sure of the sincerity of this request, however, to protect al-Taqi, said that he himself was the Imam.[18] Al-Ma'mun quickly had al-Tirmidhi beheaded.[28][29][18]
Al-Taqi is reported to have died in 225/840 in Salamiyah after bequeathing the office of Imamate to his son, al-Husayn surnamed, Abd Allah al-Radi.[30][22][26] His another son, Muhammad Abu'l-Shalaghlagh, surnamed Sa'id al-Khayr, whose posterity were living in Salamiyah and killed at the hands of the Qarmatians in 290/902.[30]
See also
Footnotes
References
- ^ a b c Tajddin 1997, p. 177.
- ^ Daftary 2007, pp. 90, 95–96.
- ^ Nasr 1966, p. 159.
- ^ Makarem 1969.
- ^ Daftary 2007, p. 712.
- ^ Daftary 1998, p. 3.
- ^ Daftary 2007, pp. 100, 507.
- ^ a b Tajddin 1997, p. 205.
- ^ Jiwa 2018, p. 79.
- ^ a b c d Tajddin 2009, p. 30.
- ^ a b c d e Halm 1984.
- ^ Tajddin 2009, p. 29.
- ^ Ivanow 1942, p. 250.
- ^ Rahim 2004, pp. 839–4.
- ^ Hollister 1953, pp. 207, 208.
- ^ a b c Hollister 1953, p. 208.
- ^ a b c d Tajddin 1997, p. 186.
- ^ a b c d e f Rahim 2004, p. 840.
- ^ a b Madelung & Halm 2016.
- ^ Daftary 2007, p. 107.
- ^ Tajddin 1997, pp. 185, 186.
- ^ a b Daftary 2007, p. 100.
- ^ a b c Leaman 2015, p. 239.
- ^ a b Tajddin 2009, p. 31.
- ^ Hollister 1953, pp. 208, 209.
- ^ a b Hollister 1953, p. 209.
- ^ Ivanow 1942, p. 251.
- ^ Ivanow 1942, p. 252.
- ^ Tajddin 1997, p. 187.
- ^ a b Tajddin 1997, p. 198.
Sources
- Halm, H. (1984). "Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdallāh". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 638–639.
- ISBN 978-0-521-61636-2.
- Tajddin, Mumtaz Ali (1997). Ismailis Through History (PDF). Karachi: Islamic book publisher.
- Tajddin, Mumtaz Ali (2009). Brief history of the Shia Ismaili Imams. Karachi.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ivanow, Vladimir (1942). Ismaili Tradition Concerning the Rise of the Fatimids. Islamic Research Association. ISBN 978-0-598-52924-4.
- Hollister, John Norman (1953). The Shi'a of India. Luzac. ISBN 978-8170691068.
- Leaman, Oliver, ed. (2015). "Ikhwān al-ṣafā". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472569455.
- Makarem, Sami Nasib (1969). The Hidden Imams of the Ismailis. al-Abhath.
- Jiwa, Shainool (2018). The Fatimids. 1. The Rise of a Muslim Empire. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78453-935-1.
- Daftary, Farhad (1998). A short history of the Ismailis. ISBN 978-0-7486-0687-0.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1966). Ideals and Realities of Islam. Praeger.
- Rahim, Habibeh (2004). "Taqi Muhammad". In Jestice, Phyllis G. (ed.). Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia. ISBN 978-1-57607-355-1.
- ISSN 1873-9830.