Names of Indonesia
Indonesia is the common and official name to refer to the
History
On identifying geographical names of their lands, the
Names recorded in ancient scriptures
The following ancient names were originally the names for some of the islands in present-day Indonesia (as pars pro toto).
Yavadvipa
The island of Java was the earliest island within Indonesia to be identified by the geographers of the outside world. "Yavadvipa" is mentioned in India's earliest epic, the Ramayana. It was mentioned that Sugriva, the chief of Rama's army, dispatched his men to Yawadvipa, the island of Java, in search of Sita.[3]
Suvarnadvipa
Suvarnadvipa, "Golden Island", may have been used as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia, but over time, different parts of that area came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula or city.[4] In contrast, the ancient name for the Indian subcontinent and its culturally familiar surrounding regions is Bhāratavarsha or Bhāratakhanda.[5] In ancient Indonesia, the name Suvarnadvipa is used to designate Sumatra island; as counterpart of neighbouring Javadvipa or Bhumijava (Java island). Both Java and Sumatra are the principal islands in Indonesian history.
Iabadiu
The great island of Iabadiu or Jabadiu was mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia composed around 150 CE in the Roman Empire. Iabadiu is said to mean "barley island", to be rich in gold, and have a silver town called Argyra at the west end. The name indicated Java,[6] and seems to be derived from the Hindu name Java-dvipa (Yawadvipa). Despite the name's indicating Java, many suggest that it refers to Sumatra instead.[6]
Exonym names
The following names were originally the names present day Indonesia and several other surrounding states (as
Jawi
Eighth-century
Nanyang
Insulindia
Endonym names
The following names were
Sunda Islands
The Sunda Islands are a
The Sunda Islands are divided between four countries, namely Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia and Malaysia. The majority of these islands fall under the jurisdiction of Indonesia. Borneo is divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. Timor Island is divided between East Timor and Indonesia. Two small islands also belong to East Timor.
Sunda (Sundanese: ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, romanized: sunda) is the name of the ethnic group living in western part of Java Island. Today the Sundanese are the second largest such group in Indonesia after the Javanese.
Nusantara
Nusantara is an Indonesian word for the Indonesian archipelago.[18] It originated from Old Javanese and literally means "archipelago".[19] The name derived from the Old Javanese words.
The word Nusantara was taken from an oath by
In 1920, Ernest Francois Eugene Douwes Dekker (1879–1950), proposed "Nusantara" as a new name for this country instead of "Indonesia". He argued that the name was more indigenously developed, which did not contain any words etymologically inherited from the name Indies, Indus or India.[21] This is the first instance of the term Nusantara appearing after it had been written in Pararaton manuscript.
The definition of Nusantara introduced by Douwes Dekker is different from its 14th century definition. During the
Modern names
Starting with Hindia-Belanda, academics began to refer the present day Indonesia with a single term. After the 1945 independence, the country officially adopted Indonesia as its formal name.
Dutch East Indies (Oost-Indië / Hindia Belanda)
The term "the Indies" derived from the
After the
Indonesia
Indonesia derives from the
After 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression.[27] Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularised the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands, Indonesisch Pers-bureau, in 1913.[24] Between 1910 and 1915, Swiss linguist, Renward Brandstetter wrote An Introduction to Indonesian Linguistics in 4 essays, which was translated into English in 1916. It talked about the various similarities between languages in the region, and pioneered the concept of Common Indonesian [words] and Original Indonesian [words].
Although the name was originally meant for scientific purposes, on 28 October 1928, the name "Indonesia" gained more political significance when the native pro-independence nationalist youth in the Dutch East Indies declared the Youth Pledge, acknowledging Indonesia as one motherland, one nation, and upholding Indonesian as the language of unity.[28]
Malayunesia
Malayunesia is another name next to Indunesia that was proposed by
Nicknames
Equatorial Emerald
Some literature works and poems describe Indonesia in eloquent poetic names, such as Zamrud Khatulistiwa ("Equatorial Emerald"), which refers to Indonesian green and lush tropical rainforest as the emeralds, as well as the geographic position of Indonesia, along the equator. It was originally from the Dutch phrase Gordel van Smaragd ("Emerald of the Tropic") which coined by Multatuli (a pen name used by Eduard Douwes Dekker, a 19th-century Dutch writer, who described Dutch East Indies as "'t prachtig ryk van Insulinde dat zich daar slingert om den evenaar, als een gordel van smaragd" ("the beautiful empire of Insulinde that girdles the equator like a belt of emerald").[30]
Bumi Pertiwi and Tanah Air
Other local epithets such as Bumi Pertiwi ("Land of Earth or
See also
References
- ^ "An Overview of Indonesia". Living in Indonesia, A Site for Expatriates. Expat Web Site Association. Retrieved 5 October 2006.
- ^ Merdekawaty, E. (6 July 2006). ""Bahasa Indonesia" and languages of Indonesia" (PDF). UNIBZ – Introduction to Linguistics. Free University of Bolzano. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2006.
- ISBN 978-81-207-4910-8.
- ^ Ancient India's Colonies in the Far East Vol 2, Dr. R. C. Majumdar, Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1937) p. 46
- ^ "Puranas - What is the Story behind Jambudweep?".
- ^ ISBN 9781107689923. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001). Wiwara: Pengantar Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Jawa (in Indonesian). Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- ISBN 978-981-229-594-1.
- Universiti Malaya. Retrieved 8 July 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Reptiles in the East and West Indies- and Some Digression. T. Barbour, The American Naturalist, Vol. 57, No. 649 (Mar. - Apr. 1923), pp. 125-128
- ^ Review: The Tongking Delta and the Annamite House. Geographical Review, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Jul. 1937), pp. 519-520
- ^ Pottery Braziers of Mohenjo-Daro. A. Aiyappan, Man, Vol. 39, (May 1939), pp. 71-72
- ISBN 978-0-226-46757-3pp. 1301-1396
- ^ Portugal, Embaixada (Indonesia), Sukarno and Portugal. Embaixada de Portugal em Jacarta (2002) pp. 61-62
- ^ Timor português: contribuïções para o seu estudo antropológico, António Augusto Mendes Correa. Vol. 1 of Memórias: Série antropológica e etnológica, Portugal Junta de Investigações do Ultramar. Imprensa Nacional de Lisboa (1944)
- ^ Asia monzónica: India, Indochina, Insulindia, Jules Sion, Luis Villanueva López-Moreno (tr.). Vol. 13 of Geografía Universal. Montaner y Simón (1948)
- T.S. Raffles" pp. [190]-198, from the Quarterly journal of science articles, vol. 2 (1817); or Journal of science and the arts, Vol. 2 (1817).
- ISBN 979-403-756-7
- ISBN 0-674-01137-6.
- ISBN 90-6718-094-7
- ISBN 978-0-405-09776-8
- ^ http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50071685?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=east+indies&first=1&max_to_show=10 East Indies, Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1989)
- ISBN 962-593-078-7.
- ^ a b Anshory, Irfan (16 August 2004). "Asal Usul Nama Indonesia" (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 5 October 2006.
- ^ a b Earl, George S.W. (1850). "On The Leading Characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian Nations". Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA): 119, 254, 277–278.
- ^ Logan, James Richardson (1850). "The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago: Embracing Enquiries into the Continental Relations of the Indo-Pacific Islanders". Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA): 4:252–347.
- ^ JSTOR 595186.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Youth Pledge Museum website (Indonesian) - ^ "George Windsor Earl — 'a single glance is sufficient'".
- ^ "Multatuli by Max Havelaar (full text)" (in Dutch). Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 19 January 2016.