Netherlands Marine Corps
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (December 2011) |
Netherlands Marine Corps | |
---|---|
Korps Mariniers ( Latin )"As Far as the World Extends" | |
Colours | Navy Blue, Red |
March | Defileermars der Koninklijke Marine |
Engagements | List of engagements
|
Decorations | Military William Order |
Commanders | |
Commandant | BG Ivo Moerman , KM |
Notable commanders | Willem Joseph van Ghent |
Insignia | |
Collar emblem |
The Netherlands Marine Corps (
The present-day Corps is a
Throughout its history, the Marines have seen action in a number of major conflicts including the
History
Origins
The corps was founded on 10 December 1665 during the
Like Britain, the Netherlands has had several periods during which its Marine Corps were disbanded. The French occupation of The Netherlands, which lasted from 1810 until 1813, is an example of such disbandments. A new Marine unit was raised on 20 March 1801 during the time of the Batavian Republic and on 14 August 1806 the Korps Koninklijke Grenadiers van de Marine was raised under King Louis Bonaparte. The modern Korps Mariniers dates back to 1814, receiving its current name in 1817.
In 1667, led by Admiral van Ghent, and their new commander, the Englishman Colonel Thomas Dolman, the Regiment de Marine played a prominent part in the large Dutch raid, the "Raid on the Medway" on England (10–14 June). The Korps' battle honour "Chatham" is one of the few ever won on British soil by a foreign unit. The July 2nd attack on Landguard fort near Harwich, performed by 1,500 Mariniers after landing at Woodrich was countered by the fort's garrison.
The mariniers also fought in the Franco-Dutch War and Third Anglo-Dutch War. On 29 June 1672, after serving in the naval Battle of Solebay, two-thirds of the Marines were withdrawn from the fleet and formed into a brigade in order to reinforce the inefficient army, which consisted largely of mercenaries, in anticipation of an English invasion. They returned to their ships in time to help stop an English invasion by defeating a combined English and French force at the naval Battle of Kijkduin (Battle of Texel) on 21 August 1673. Led by Gerolf van Isselmuyden, they served in the land battle of Seneffe against the French in 1674.
Dutch support for American independence led to the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, where the mariniers served at Dogger Bank.
In 1704, Marines were part of a combined English-Dutch force under
The Korps Mariniers served in various colonial operations of the
World War II
During the
When the Dutch capitulation was declared and the Marines abandoned their positions, the German commander was surprised to encounter only a handful of troops emerge in their black uniforms. The Oberleutnant ordered his men to salute them out of respect for their bravery and labeled them die schwarzen Teufel ("The Black Devils").[7][8]
During the German occupation of the Netherlands, some mariniers joined the
Starting in 1943, the
The Dutch maintained control over Western New Guinea after the Indonesian War of Independence and the Korps Mariniers served there until 1962 when the colony in the course of the West New Guinea dispute was handed over to the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority.
Recent history
Terrorism during the 1970s
On 11 June 1977, the
Cambodia
From 18 February 1992 to 18 November 1993, three battalions of Marines and a Navy field hospital (FDS) were stationed in Cambodia as part of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). The marines were deployed following the 1991 Paris peace treaty when the civil war was ended, they were tasked with providing safe passage to refugees, disarming rebel groups and organising fair elections.[9]
Former Yugoslavia
Marines have deployed to
Iraq
In 1991, 400 marines in addition 600 personnel of the Royal Netherlands Army were deployed to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq as part Operation Provide Comfort. The detachment of Marines consisted of a staff company, a support company and two infantry companies. The units constructed three refugee camps which were later transferred to civilian organisations. The last marines returned in July 1991.[9]
In 2003 and 2004, two battalions of Marines were deployed to
Since 2015, Marines have contributed to
Liberia
From 18 November 2003 until 19 February 2004, one platoon of Dutch Marines was deployed on board HNLMS Rotterdam, a Landing platform dock (LPD) of the Royal Netherlands Navy to provide logistical support for United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL).
Congo
Between 2005 and 2006, Major General of the Marines
Afghanistan
From 11 January 2002 to July 2010, marines were deployed in Afghanistan as part of the
C-Squadron of NLMARSOF has deployed to Afghanistan since 2018 as part of the Resolute Support Mission. Together with KCT operators they form the Special Operations Advisory Team (SOAT), which is tasked with providing training and assistance to the Afghan police tactical unit Afghan Territorial Force 888 (ATF-888) of the Afghan National Police.
Counterpiracy
Since 2008 marines have been deployed as
Organisation
Structure
The Corps is headed by the Korpscommandant, an officer in the rank of
Following the large scale reorganisation of the Armed Forces in 2013, the Corps was affected as well. The Corps was restructured, among other changes.[11] The battalion composition and naming was changed:[12][13]
- a rifle group of 8 men became a Raiding Section of 14 men
- a platoon of 30 men became a Raiding Troop of 32 men
- a company became a Raiding Squadron consisting of 3 Raiding Troops
- a battalion became a Marine Combat Group consisting of 3 Raiding Squadrons, 1 Combat Support Squadron, 1 Combat Service Support Squadron and 1 Recon, Surveillance & Target Acquisition Squadron
- battalion units were required to complete additional training to become certified as special operations capable (SOC)
Units
Marine Combat Groups
The Corps consists of two battalion-sized Marine Combat Groups (MCGs), 1st MCG and 2nd MCG, which are headed by a
The three Raiding Squadrons of each MCG are commanded by Majors and consist of 108 men each. The Raiding Squadrons each field three Raiding Troops with two Raiding Sections of 16 men each per troop.
The Recon, Surveillance & Target Acquisition (RSTA) Squadrons are commanded by a Major and consist of 87 men. Each RSTA Squadron fields a forward Observer Troop with four Fire Support Teams of six men each, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System section with AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven and AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma UAVs, a Reconnaissance Sniper Troop, a Mortar Troop with L16 81mm mortars and a Low Altitude Air Defense section. In addition, the RSTA Squadron staff provides Joint Fires Cells for its Marine Combat Group in order to coordinate all types of fire support.
The Combat Support Squadrons consist of 114 men and field a staff, an Assault Engineer Troop, an Anti-Armour Troop, and an Armoured All-Terrain Vehicle Troop. Each of these three troops fields three identical sections, with each section supporting one Raiding Squadron of the Marine Combat Group. The Assault Engineer Troop also provides
The Combat Service Support Squadron fields 171 personnel and provide maintenance, medical, and logistic support. Each Combat Service Support Squadron consists of a Workshop Troop, a Transport Troop, an Equipment Support Troop, a Medical Support Troop, and a Communication and Information Systems Troop.
In 2014, 13e Raiding Squadron was the first unit to complete additional training to become certified maritime special operations capable (MARSOC).[14] A MARSOC unit can support and conduct special operations with NLMARSOF.[14][5]
Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces
The
NLMARSOF was founded in 2013 by merging the
Surface Assault and Training Group
The Surface Assault and Training Group (SATG) provides the Marine Corps with maritime vessels. The Surface Assault and Training Group consists of 241 men; besides the staff it fields an Amphibious Support Group, a Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Troop, a Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) Troop, a Fast Raiding Interception and Special Forces Craft (FRISC) Squadron, a Landing Craft Control Team Light and a Landing Craft Control Team Heavy. The Amphibious Support Group provides logistical support for the SATG. The LCU Troop fields five Landing Craft Utility with their crews, while the LCVP Troop fields 12 LCVPs with their crews.
The FRISC Squadron fields three troops: a troop with Raiding Crafts for the Marine Combat Groups, a troop with Maritime Counter Terrorism Crafts (MCT) for the Maritime Counter Terrorism Squadron, and a troop with Special Operation and Interceptor Crafts for the Conventional Squadron of the Maritime Special Operations Forces. The two Landing Craft Control Teams consist of a staff, a Beach Recce Group, a Beach Control Group and a Heavy Vehicle Group. The Landing Craft Control Team Heavy is equipped with Leopard 1 BARV beach armoured recovery vehicles. Both Beach Recce Groups field a team of divers to clear mines, barriers and other obstacles from landing beaches.
Seabased Support Group
The Seabased Support Group (SSG) fields 98 men and coordinates maritime operational logistic support for Marine units embarked on one the
32nd Raiding Squadron (Dutch Caribbean Forces)
The 32nd Raiding Squadron (Dutch Caribbean Forces) consists of 153 personnel and is stationed in Aruba and is responsible for the defence of the Netherlands Antilles. The 32nd Raiding Squadron falls operationally under the command of the Naval Commander of the Caribbean (CZMCARIB). 32nd Raiding Squadron is stationed at the Korps Mariniers Barracks Savaneta (Aruba). Marines on Aruba also participate in anti-drug operations. The squadron is commanded by a Major and consists of a Headquarters, 3 Raiding troops, and the following supporting units a Fast Raiding, Interception and Special Forces Craft (FRISC) troop (with 12 boats), and a combat service support troop for transport, logistics, maintenance and medical care.
Marine Training Command
The Marine Training Command (MTC) is tasked with the validation, qualification and training of all operational units of the Corps. Furthermore, the command is responsible for maintaining adequate readiness and quality through the implementation of stringent training standards. Its training programs are adapted to the programs of its fleet equivalent, the Sea Training Command (STC), in order to maximise efficiency and interoperability of the marines and the fleet. The command is headed by a Colonel.
Marine Education Centre
The Marine Education Centre (Mariniersopleidingscentrum, MOC) is tasked with the selection, training and education of new marine recruits. The MOC provides all marine basic training and is based at the Van Ghent Barracks in Rotterdam, headed by a Lieutenant Colonel.
Locations
The majority of the operational units are based at the Van Braam Houckgeestkazerne in Doorn, in the province of Utrecht. These barracks are the headquarters of the Marine Combat Groups, Sea-based Support Group, and the staff and M-Squadron of NLMARSOF. Due to obsolescence of the location a new base is being constructed at Kamp Nieuw Milligen near the city of Apeldoorn. The Van Ghentkazerne is based in the city of Rotterdam and provides the basic training and many other training courses within the Corps. The Joost Dourleinkazerne is based on the island of Texel and functions as a forward operating base for the Surface Assault and Training Group from which all sorts of amphibious training can be employed. Moreover, the Corps has multiple bases and auxiliary branches in the Dutch Caribbean. Below follows an overview of the Corps' bases:
- Van Braam Houckgeestkazerne—Doorn, Utrecht
- Van Ghentkazerne—Rotterdam, South Holland
- Joost Dourleinkazerne—Texel, North Holland
- Marinebasis Parera—Willemstad, Curaçao
- Marinierskazerne Savaneta—Savaneta, Aruba
- Marinekazerne Suffisant—Curaçao
- Marinesteunpunt Pointe Blanche—Sint Maarten
Recruitment and training
The mariniers are known for their arduous training programmes, which are primarily focused around hardship. Due to its longstanding and close cooperation with its British counterpart, the Royal Marines, training programmes are highly similar for both organisations. Although women have been allowed to join the Korps Mariniers since the beginning of 2017, no woman has successfully completed basic training yet.[as of?]
Depending on the educational background, there are two career possibilities to become a Dutch marine: enlisted marine and marine officer. An overview of marine training courses:
- EVO (elementaire vakopleiding: Initial training to become an enlisted marine in the Netherlands lasts about 33 weeks (8 months—roughly equivalent to that of the British Royal Marines). It is given at the Mariniers Opleidingscentrum (M.O.C.) at the Van Ghentkazerne in Rotterdam. It is rigorous and very demanding, both physically and mentally, and eventually 30% to 50% will pass. If successfully completed, the recruits receive their "dark blue beret", and will be assigned to the operational units of Mariniers Training Command (MTC).
- VVO (voortgezette vakopleiding): Training to become a marine corporal lasts around 20 weeks. After 4–5 years of experience, marines who exhibit remarkable qualities can apply for this course, where they are being tested on leadership qualities and various military skills. Prior to the actual course, these marines will receive course segments, like marksman instructor, at an earlier stage.[15] Only through experience can a marine corporal grow into sergeant.
- POTOM (praktische opleiding tot Officier der Mariniers—officer training): Initial training to become a marine officer in the Netherlands lasts a total of 22 months, starting with an intensive 11 months of practical marine officer's training and followed by 11 months of theoretical background and practical courses. The training is regarded as one of the most demanding initial military training programmes globally, with usually more than 70% of prospective officers dropping out.[16] This part of the initial training programme is modular, which means that it is made up of 4 phases. First, the prospective officers will learn the basic skills of every enlisted marine, which takes about 10 weeks. After phase one comes the second phase, commanding a raiding section of 14 marines. This module lasts for 8 weeks, and emphasizes nightly operations. After successfully completing the second phase the third phase commences, which is focused on commanding a raiding troop of 32 marines. The fourth phase centers around commanding a raiding troop in different domains (e.g. urban, maritime setting). The last two modules are the longest, and cross-training is provided by both the Korps Mariniers and the British Royal Marines officer training teams. When successfully completing the 'POTOM', candidates are required to complete another year of general officer's training at the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine (Royal Dutch Naval Academy). Once this has been finished, the marine officer will be assigned to one of the operational units within the Marine Training Command (MTC).
Operational training
During operational training, there is more emphasis on various other tactics in amphibious warfare, and it will take about a year to become MARSOC (Maritime Special Operations Capable) certified, which will last for two years. SOCs are able to operate within any environment in the world, under any condition and circumstance. Therefore Dutch marines regularly train in
conditions, and embark on various training missions throughout the world. In these two years SOCs will work closely with MARSOF platoons throughout the world, and can choose to enlist for further specialization.Specialisation
Experienced marines are able to obtain various specialisations. It is common for marines to have multiple specialisations. Popular specialisations include: weapons instructor, mortar, communications, or heavy weapons specialist, designated marksman, sniper, assault engineer, medic or free-fall para. Some of these specialisations require the rank of Corporal before being able to follow specialisation training, and must not exceed a maximum age.
Equipment
Weaponry
The basic infantry weapons of the Korps Mariniers are the
Vehicles
- Armour
The Armoured All-Terrain Vehicle Troops (AATV) are equipped with 74
- Light mobility
Light mobility is provided by
- Vessels
The marines have access to a large fleet of vessels. The two
- Aviation
The Corps cooperates closely with the Defence Helicopter Command which provides airlift using
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FRISC during arctic training in Norway.
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Bv S10 Viking during exercise Trident Juncture 2015.
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Marine with Colt Canada C7 during the Capacity Building Mission Iraq (CBMI).
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DMV Anaconda off-road vehicle during tests before shipping to the Caribbean.
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(NL)LCVP with marines of 21 Raiding Squadron during a certification exercise.
Traditions
Uniforms
The Corps has multiple distinctive uniforms. The Corps' standard combat uniform is based on the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) in the woodland pattern, as opposed to the Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM)-based combat uniform of the other services of the Netherlands Armed Forces. This combat uniform is due to be replaced by new uniforms in the Netherlands Fractal Pattern from 2023 onwards. Operators of NLMARSOF and other selected units wear combat uniforms in the commercial MultiCam pattern.
The service dress uniform can be worn during everyday office, barracks and non-field duty purposes. The uniform consists of trousers with red pipings and a jacket (both in dark-blue fabric), a white dress shirt with a black necktie and headgear (beret or peaked cap). The uniform can be supplemented with brown leather gloves, decorations worn in Prussian arrangement and a belt with a holster.
The
The full dress uniform consists of a dark-blue jacket with a red standing collar, dark-blue trousers with red pipings, orange sash (worn by officers), pith helmet, fourragères, white gloves and a sabre.
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Woodland pattern on Battle Dress Uniform worn by marines on Sint Maarten, in 2017.
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Desert Camouflage Uniform worn by marines during the Capacity Building Mission Iraq
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Service dress uniform of a Major, decorations are worn in the Prussian arrangement.
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Marines wearing the full dress uniform during the annual parade on Prinsjesdag.
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Special dress uniform worn by the commander of the Corps.
Colours
The Netherlands Marine Corps was granted a
The colour of the Korps Mariniers is distinct from other Dutch colours by the display of blue
Ranks and insignia
NATO code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | OF(D) | Student officer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Netherlands Marine Corps[42] |
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Generaal | Lieutenant-generaal | Generaal-majoor | Brigade-generaal | Kolonel | Lieutenant-kolonel | Majoor | Kapitein | 1e Luitenant | 2e Luitenant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
English equivalent | General
|
Lieutenant General
|
Major General
|
Brigadier | Colonel | Lieutenant Colonel
|
Major | Captain
|
Lieutenant | Second Lieutenant
|
NATO code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Netherlands Marine Corps[42] |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjudant onderofficer | Sergeant-majoor | Sergeant | Korporaal | Marinier der 1e klasse | Marinier der 2e klasse | Marinier der 3e klasse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
English equivalent | Warrant Officer
|
Sergeant Major
|
Sergeant | Corporal | Lance corporal | Marine 1st Class
|
Marine
|
United Kingdom/Netherlands Amphibious Force (UK/NL AF)
Since 1972,[43] units of the Netherlands Marine Corps have formed part of the British 3 Commando Brigade during exercises and real conflict situations. Also Mountain Warfare /Force Reconnaissance Troop of C Squadron NLMARSOF will be placed under UK operational command as part of C Squadron, UK Special Boat Service. Together, these form the UK/NL AF. Either the First or the Second Marine Combat Group can be assigned as the Dutch contribution to this force. UK/NL AF contributes to the European Multinational Maritime Force (EMMF).
The cooperation between the Korps Mariniers and the Royal Marines has led to extensive integration in the areas of operations, logistics and materials. Within NATO this is seen as a prime example of what can be achieved in military integration.
The NLMC and
The British and Dutch armed forces share close relations. The Royal Marines and Netherlands Marine Corps are allied through a 'Bond of friendship'.
The nickname of the Dutch Marines among their British Royal Marine counterparts is "Cloggies," due to the stereotype that most or all Dutch wear
Alliances
- Royal Marines (Bond of Friendship)
- United States Marine Corps (Bond of Friendship)
- Seebataillon(German Marines integrated into the Korps Mariniers)
- Special Operations Regiment
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Defensie, Ministerie van (2014-02-13). "Wat is het Korps Mariniers? - Korps Mariniers - Defensie.nl". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2023-06-08.
- ^ Ministerie van Defensie (2014-02-13). "Organisation - Defensie.nl". english.defensie.nl. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
- ^ Slot, Susan van 't (2022-12-09). "10 december 1665". Mariniersmuseum (in Dutch). Retrieved 2023-06-08.
- ^ "Why Are Marines Part of the Navy?". U.S. Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
- ^ a b "Korps Mariniers - Special forces en combat groups" [Korps Mariniers - Special forces and combat groups]. Ministry of Defence (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Wapenfeiten van het Korps Mariniers". defensie.nl. Ministry of Defence. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ "Laatste 'Zwarte Duivel' Maasbruggen 1940 overleden". defensie.nl. Ministry of Defence. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^ "De helden van de Willemsbrug aan de vergetelheid ontrukt". Reformatorisch Dagblad. Digibron. 3 May 1984. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^ a b c d Margés, Joost (21 December 2015). "350 jaar op de bres: Geschiedenis van het Korps Mariniers in vogelvlucht". Alle Hens (in Dutch). 11. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ "Two Dutch marines have been killed in Uruzgan province in Afghanistan". Rnw.nl. 2010-04-17. Archived from the original on 2012-04-05. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
- ISSN 2666-8378. Archived from the original(PDF) on 6 March 2018.
- ISSN 2666-8378. Archived from the original(PDF) on 6 March 2018.
- ISSN 0922-2979. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
- ^ ISSN 2666-8378. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Brandnew cadre members Korps Mariniers". 12 March 2010.
- ^ "Look behind the scenes at the officers training of the marines". 13 April 2015. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
- ^ "Colt C7-geweer". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 2 June 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Glock 17-pistool". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 20 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Minimi-licht machinegeweer". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "MAG-middelzwaar machinegeweer". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Browning M2-zwaar machinegeweer". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Mortieren (60-, 81- en 120mm)". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ a b "HK416-aanvalsgeweer en HK417-scherpschuttersgeweer". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Accuracy AX-precisiegeweer". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Barrett-precisiegeweren (M107 en M82)". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "AGW-automatische granaatwerper". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. September 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Panzerfaust 3-antitankwapen". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. September 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Gill-antitankraket". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. September 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "M72A3-licht antitankwapen". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. June 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Dutch MARSOF officially purchase .300 BLK SIG MCX Rifles". The Firearm Blog. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Bandvagn S10-rupsvoertuig (Viking)". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Bandvagn 206-rupsvoertuig". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Bushmaster". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Leopard 1-Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicle". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Land Rover Defender 110XD WW". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Anaconda-terreinwagen". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Vector-terreinwagen (SOF)". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ "Amarok-pick-uptruck". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ "LCU-landingsvaartuig (materieel)". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ^ "LCVP-landingsvaartuig (personeel)". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministerie van Defensie. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ^ "FRISC-motorboot". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ a b "De rangonderscheidingstekens van de krijgsmacht" (PDF) (in Dutch). Ministry of Defence (Netherlands). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ "United Kingdom/Netherlands Amphibious Force - Internationale samenwerking - Defensie.nl". 14 December 2015.
References
- Beknopte geschiedenis Korps Mariniers
- Klein, Edwin,'The Dutch Marines and the Indonesian Problem', Marine Corps Gazette, Aug 1946.
- Dorren, C.J.O., De geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche Korps Mariniers van 1665–1945, 's Gravenhage, 1948.
- Coox, Alvin D., 'The Dutch Invasion of England: 1667', Military Affairs, Vol. 13 No. 4, Winter 1949, pp. 223–233.
- Dorren, C.J.O., 'Een historische terugblik op de ontsluiting van Japan na de maritieme strafexpedities tegen Kagoshima en Simonoseki (1863–1864)', Marineblad, 1950.
- Edwards, H. W., 'Netherlands Korps Mariniers', Marine Corps Gazette, Sep 1953.
- Dorren, C.J.O., Onze mariniersbrigade (1945–1949). Een veelbewogen episode in de korpsgeschiedenis, 's Gravenhage, 1955.
- Strandberg. Carl, 'Netherlands Marines', Marine Corps Gazette, Dec 1961.
- Bosscher, Ph. M., 'De gezantschapswacht te Peking', Marineblad, Vol. 75, 1965, pp. 1145–1198.
- Middelhoff, A.J.M., 'De geschiedenis van het 1ste Bataljon Marinetroepen', Marineblad, Vol. 79, 1969, pp. 627–642
- de Korver, Michael, 'Royal Netherlands Marines belong to the world's second oldest marine corps', Marine Corps Gazette, Feb 1979.
- Scharfen, 'Het Korps Mariniers' (interview), Marine Corps Gazette, Oct 1987.
- Schoonoord, D.C.L., De Mariniersbrigade 1943–1949 Wording en inzet in Indonesië, Instituut voor Maritieme Historie, The Hague, 1988.
- van Holst-Pellekaan, R.E., de Regst, I.C. and Bastiaans, I.F.J, Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de Koninklijke Marine in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea 1945–1960, Amsterdam, 1989.