Open sandwich

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"Open face" redirects here. For the card game, see Open-face Chinese poker.
Open sandwich
Smørbrød, smørrebrød or smörgås, a Scandinavian open sandwich at a cafeteria in Norway
Alternative namesOpen-face sandwich, open-faced sandwich, tartine, bread baser, bread platter
TypeSandwich
Main ingredientsBread, topping
VariationsMany variations exist

An open sandwich, also known as an open-face/open-faced sandwich, bread baser, bread platter or tartine,[1] consists of a slice of bread or toast with one or more food items on top. It has half the number of slices of bread compared to a typical closed sandwich.

History

During the start of the Middle Ages, thin slabs of coarse bread called "trenches" (late 15th century English) or, in its French derivative, "trenchers", were used as plates.[2] At the end of the meal, the food-soaked trencher was eaten by the diner (from which we get the expression "trencherman"), or perhaps fed to a dog or saved for beggars. Trenchers were as much the harbingers of open-face sandwiches[3] as they were of disposable crockery.

A direct precursor to the English sandwich may be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where the naturalist John Ray observed that in the taverns, beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter".[4] These explanatory specifications reveal the Dutch belegd broodje, open-faced sandwich, was as yet unfamiliar in England.

Terminology

In countries like Denmark, where

Merriam Webster's Dictionary: "two thin pieces of bread, usually buttered, with a thin layer (as of meat, cheese or savory mixture) spread between them." Because the burrito was "typically made with a single tortilla," the judge said it was not a sandwich.[6]

This decision led Amanda Hess to question whether an open-faced sandwich was a sandwich at all. She questioned whether pizza, bruschetta, buttered toast or hot dogs could be considered sandwiches. She found that the United States Department of Agriculture defined a sandwich as "at least 35% cooked meat and no more than 50% bread." Further, the USDA regulations only apply to open-faced sandwiches.[clarification needed] Sandwiches made with two slices of bread are covered by the Food and Drug Administration.[clarification needed][7]

Responding to the controversy, Dan Pashman declared that "a burrito is not a sandwich." He stated that a sandwich must be composed of a filling between two discrete items of food, and that one must be able to eat it without utensils.[8]

Presentation

Open sandwiches allow for an arrangement of different types of sandwiches to be served with

afternoon teas or as an accompaniment to salads.[9] They can be cut into fancy shapes of triangles, stars, rounds and crescents, and arranged in an attractive platter for presentation. Common ingredients for open sandwiches are jam, stuffed olives, chopped herbs, cream cheese, hard-boiled eggs and pimiento. Any ingredients can be used to add flavor and color to enhance the presentation of the sandwich platter.[10]

In various countries

An open sandwich is a slice of fresh bread, with different spreads,

gravadlax, herring, eel and prawns, and vegetables like bell pepper, tomato, radish, scallion and cucumber
.

A Dutch ham and egg open sandwich with sliced mushroom.

Open sandwiches like this are consumed in

hors d'œuvre
for formal parties.

In former

hard boiled egg, cheese, ham, salami, smoked fish (salmon or sprats or pickled herring), tomato, pickled cucumber, lettuce, raw onion or other vegetable, etc.[17]

The open sandwich is the common, traditional sandwich type in the Nordic countries,[20][21] Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Belarus, Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Kazakhstan where it is typically eaten at breakfast, lunch, supper, or as a snack. In Finland the sandwich is called voileipä, and in Estonia similarly võileib, which also means "butter bread".

Danish Smørrebrød with eggs, shrimp and roast beef.

The Scandinavian open sandwich (

leverpostej, Norwegian: leverpostei, Swedish: leverpastej), and/or small meatballs. This is typically complemented by some herbs and vegetables such as parsley, cold salad, thinly sliced cucumber, tomato wedges and/or pickled beets etc. on the same slice of bread.[20][22]

A condiment, such as mayonnaise, or mayonnaise-based dressing is also often included in some form.[17] An old traditional replacement for butter on a piece of bread with herring is pig fat. There are many variations associated with the smørrebrød/smørbrød/smörgås and there are even special stores, cafés and restaurants (especially in Denmark) that specialize in them.[21][23][24]

The Dutch and Flemish Uitsmijter consists of one or more slices of bread topped with fried eggs (one per slice of bread), and can be accompanied by slices of cheese and/or meat (roast beef or ham). The dish is often served as a hearty breakfast. Sweet toppings are commonly used for breakfast in the Netherlands and Belgium: e.g. sprinkles, vlokken, or muisjes, next to the more widespread peanut butter, honey, jam, and chocolate spread.[19]

In Great Britain, open sandwiches are rare outside of Scandinavian delicatessens. The open sandwiches found in Great Britain are the Welsh rarebit[25] and other "on toast" dishes (e.g., cheese on toast), and the Scotch woodcock, an open sandwich served historically at the colleges of the University of Cambridge and University of Oxford and in the refreshment rooms of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom as late as 1949.[26][27][28]

In

hot chicken sandwich in Canada, or Welsh rarebit.[25]
This is also done in Scandinavian countries, where they also eat open faced sandwiches with fried meat and fried fish.

Examples and varieties

  • Open Face Sandwich (Bottom: turkey and pickled vegetables; Top: cheese and pickled vegetable remnants)
    Open Face Sandwich (Bottom: turkey and pickled vegetables; Top: cheese and pickled vegetable remnants)
  • Open-faced ham and cheese tapas-style sandwiches
    Open-faced
    ham and cheese tapas
    -style sandwiches
  • Smørbrød, Norwegian open sandwich
    Smørbrød, Norwegian open sandwich
  • Open-faced tuna sandwich with guacamole and cherry tomatoes
    Open-faced tuna sandwich with guacamole and cherry tomatoes
  • Russian buterbrod with tomatoes and Latvian sprat
    Russian buterbrod with tomatoes and Latvian sprat
  • Czech jednohubky
    Czech jednohubky
  • Scandinavian räksmörgås (open faced shrimp sandwich) in Stockholm.
    Scandinavian räksmörgås (open faced shrimp sandwich) in Stockholm.
  • Scotch woodcock, scrambled eggs on toast garnished with anchovy fillets and parsley
    anchovy fillets and parsley
  • Open sandwiches in Vienna, with a Pfiff-size beer
    Open sandwiches in Vienna, with a Pfiff-size beer
  • Small open sandwiches. Bread, butter and codfish liver paste.
    Small open sandwiches. Bread, butter and codfish liver paste.
  • Parata di gola
    Parata di gola
  • Egg salad and smoked salmon on a slice of toasted baguette
    Egg salad and smoked salmon on a slice of toasted baguette
  • Smørrebrød with salmon and caviar
    Smørrebrød with salmon and caviar
  • Smørrebrød with green and red salad, chicken liver and tartar sauce
    Smørrebrød with green and red salad, chicken liver and tartar sauce
  • A hot fish sandwich from Bolton's Spicy Chicken & Fish at the Franklin Food & Spirits Festival in Franklin, Tennessee
    A hot fish sandwich from Bolton's Spicy Chicken & Fish at the Franklin Food & Spirits Festival in Franklin, Tennessee

See also

References

  1. ^ "tar·tine, A French open-faced sandwich, especially one with a rich or fancy spread". Free Online Dictionary. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  2. ISBN 0-415-92994-6
  3. ^ What's Cooking America, Sandwiches, History of Sandwiches. February 2, 2007.
  4. The Embarrassment of Riches
    (1987:152).
  5. ^ "sandwich — ODS". ordnet.dk. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  6. ^ "Exclusive Use Provisions: Is a Burrito a type of Sandwich?". National Law Review. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  7. ISBN 978-0-19-871205-3
    .
  8. ^ "Why a Hot Dog Is a Sandwich but a Burrito Is Not (According to Dan Pashman)". Newsweek.
  9. ^ Modern Priscilla Cook Book:One Thousand Recipes Tested and Proved at the Priscilla Proving Plant. 1924. p. 302.
  10. ^ Woman's Institute Library of Cookery: Salads and sandwiches, cold and frozen desserts, cakes, cookies, and puddings, pastries and pies. Woman's Institute of Domestic Arts and Sciences. 1924. p. 57.
  11. ^ "Open faced sandwich refspread". yummly. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  12. ^ "Danish Recipes:Smørrebrød - Open-Faced Sandwiches". Danish Recipes, Midspring. Archived from the original on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  13. ^ "Make Norwegian Open Faced Sandwiches". Wikihow. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  14. ^ "Smörgåsar pa sundra brod" (PDF). coop.se. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  15. ^ "Tag des Deutschen Butterbrotes". Berliner Zeitung vom 28. September 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  16. ^ "Butterbrot". butterbrot.de. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  17. ^ a b c "Czech Obložené Chlebíčky". Kolarsky family cookbook. Archived from the original on 2018-01-01. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  18. ^ "Szendvicskremek". otletkonyha.hu. Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  19. ^ a b "The Chocolate Sprinkle Sandwich, and Other Treasures of Dutch Cuisine". Kim Plofker. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  20. ^
    ISBN 978-87-614-0400-8
    .]
  21. ^ a b "Open sandwiches since the 17th century, (Danish)". Ida Davidsen. Archived from the original on 2014-05-24. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  22. ^ "10 goda mackor". Allt om Mat, Swedish. Archived from the original on 2014-05-14. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  23. ^ "Top 10 smørrebrød". Visitcopenhagen.dk. Archived from the original on 2014-05-14.
  24. ^ "Højt belagt og snaps Anmeldte smørrebrødsrestauranter i KBH". Politiken.dk. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  25. ^
    ISBN 0-451-12892-3
  26. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a052613
    .
  27. ISBN 1-85444-058-6
    .
  28. ISBN 0-19-283345-6
    .

External links

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