Polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase
polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase | |||||||||
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ExPASy NiceZyme view | | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
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The enzyme polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase (EC 3.1.1.78) catalyzes the following reaction:[1]
- polyneuridine aldehyde + H2O 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol
This enzyme participates in indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is polyneuridine aldehyde hydrolase (decarboxylating). Other names in common use include:
- polyneuridine aldehyde esterase
- PNAE
Homologues
This enzyme is found in various forms in plant species such as
Polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase also appears in select bacteria including Enterobacter cloacae.
Structure
The secondary structure of this enzyme consists mainly of
Reaction
Polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase catalyzes the
Mechanism
The mechanism of hydrolysis performed by polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase is not known. It has been suggested that the enzyme utilizes a
Broader significance
This enzyme is a part of the pathway of indole alkaloid biosynthesis. The indole alkaloids that result from this metabolic pathway are used by many plant species as a defense against herbivores and parasites.
Open questions
The precise mechanisms by which this enzyme performs its function is still unknown. As noted above, researchers are formulating suggestions as to how polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase catalyses the decomposition of polyneuridine-aldehyde, but a mechanism has not yet been affirmed with absolute certainty. Due to the lack of complete understanding of polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase's precise mechanism, this enzyme cannot be grouped into a family of enzymes. Based on mechanism theories, suggestions can be made as to how this enzyme should be categorized, and some parallels can be drawn between polyneuridine-aldehyde esterase and other enzymes.
References
Further reading
- Pfitzner A, Stockigt J (1983). "Polyneuridine aldehyde esterase: an unusual specific enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sarpagine type alkaloids". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (8): 459–460. .