Protein synthesis inhibitor

A protein synthesis inhibitor is a compound that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new

• Rifamycin inhibits bacterial DNA transcription into mRNA by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by binding its beta-subunit.^{[citation needed]}
• alpha-Amanitin is a powerful inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA transcription machinery.^{[citation needed}
  ]

• initiation complex, although the mechanism is not fully understood.^[4]

• 30S ribosomal subunit.^[5]

• Aminoglycosides, among other potential mechanisms of action, interfere with the proofreading process, causing increased rate of error in synthesis with premature termination.^[7]

• mitochondria
  .
• Macrolides (as well as inhibiting ribosomal translocation^[8]
  and other potential mechanisms) bind to the 50s ribosomal subunits, inhibiting peptidyl transfer.
• polypeptide,^[9] as well as causing incomplete chains to be released.^[9]
• Geneticin, also called G418, inhibits the elongation step in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.^[10]
• Trichothecene mycotoxins are potent and non selective inhibitors of peptide elongation.^[11]

Ribosomal translocation

• aminoglycosides^[7] (with all these three having other potential mechanisms of action as well), have evidence of inhibition of ribosomal translocation
  .
• Fusidic acid prevents the turnover of elongation factor G (EF-G) from the ribosome.
• rRNA of the eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunit.^[13][14]

• peptidyl-tRNA
  from the ribosome.
• Puromycin has a structure similar to that of the tyrosinyl aminoacyl-tRNA. Thus, it binds to the ribosomal A site and participates in peptide bond formation, producing peptidyl-puromycin. However, it does not engage in translocation and quickly dissociates from the ribosome, causing a premature termination of polypeptide synthesis.
• Streptogramins also cause premature release of the peptide chain.^[17]

Protein synthesis inhibitors of unspecified mechanism

• Retapamulin^[18]
• Mupirocin
• Fusidic acid

Binding site

The following antibiotics bind to the 30S subunit of the ribosome:

• Aminoglycosides ^[17]
• Tetracyclines^[17]

The following antibiotics bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit:

• Chloramphenicol^[17]
• Clindamycin^[17]
• oxazolidinone
  )
• Macrolides^[17]
• Telithromycin^[17]
• Streptogramins^[17]
• Retapamulin^[18]

See also

• Protein biosynthesis
• Bacterial translation
• Eukaryotic translation
• Archaeal translation

References