Royal Malaysian Navy

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Royal Malaysian Navy
Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia
تنترا لاءوت دراج مليسيا‎
Vice Admiral Dato' Shamsuddin Ludin
Insignia
Commissioning pennant
Ensign
Jack
Roundel

The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN,

Straits of Singapore and also monitors national interests in areas with overlapping claims such as in Spratly
.

History

Straits Settlement Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve

The Royal Malaysian Navy can trace its roots to the formation of the Straits Settlement Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (SSRNVR) in Singapore on 27 April 1934 by the

British Admiralty presented Singapore with an Acacia-class sloop, HMS Laburnum, to serve as the Reserve's Headquarters and drill ship. It was berthed at the Telok Ayer Basin. HMS Laburnum was sunk in February 1942, prior to the capitulation of Singapore at the beginning of Second World War
activities in the Pacific.

With the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe, the SSRNVR increased the recruitment of mainly indigenous personnel into the force, to beef up local defences as Royal Navy resources were required in Europe. Members of the SSRNVR were called up to active duty and the force was augmented by members of the Royal Navy Malay Section. This formed the basis of the navy in Malaya, called the Malay Navy, manned by indigenous

Malay personnel. (Similarly, the Malays were recruited into the fledgling Malay Regiment formed in 1936). The Malay Navy had a strength of 400 men who received their training at HMS Pelandok, the Royal Navy training establishment in Malaya. Recruitment was increased and in 1941 at the outbreak of the war in Asia, the Malay Navy had a strength of 1,450 men. Throughout the Second World War, the Malay Navy served with the Allied Forces in the Indian and Pacific theatre of operations. When the war ended with the Japanese Surrender
in 1945, only 600 personnel of the Malay Navy reported for muster. Post war economic constraints saw the disbandment of the Malay Navy in 1947.

After world war II – Formation of the Malayan Naval Force

HMS Loch Insh
, which later became Malaysia's flagship.

The Malay Navy was reactivated on 24 December 1948 at the outbreak of the

Elizabeth II
bestowed the title "Royal Malayan Navy" on the Malayan Naval Force in recognition of its sterling service in action during the Malayan Emergency.

Independence

Ensign (1957–1963).
Ensign (1963–1968).

On 12 July 1958, soon after attaining its independence on 31 August 1957, the

Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces. All ships, facilities and personnel serving in the Royal Malayan Navy were inherited by the Malayan government. The new force had an operational and training base at HMMS Malaya and a small coastal fleet of one LCT, one coastal minelayer, six Ham-class minesweepers and seven Ton-class
minesweeper (the ex-RN 200th Patrol Squadron) on transfer from the Royal Navy.

On 16 September 1963, the naval force was renamed the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), following the formation of Malaysia. Eighteen

Bandar Hilir, Melaka or at the Lumut Naval Base
.

Malaysianisation

Australian Navy ship that guarded Malaysia during the Indonesian confrontation
.

Following the end of Indonesian confrontation in 1966, Tunku Abdul Rahman and his colleagues decided to Malaysianise the top posts in the navy and air force. They offered these posts to two senior Malaysian army generals, who declined for two main reasons. First they felt that they were not professionally qualified and second because they did not want to jeopardise their own careers in the army. Tunku and his colleagues then decided that they would select two officers, one from the navy and one from the air force, and appoint them chiefs of their respective services. They were fully aware of Rear Admiral Datuk K. Thanabalasingam's age —he was 31 years old and a bachelor- but decided to appoint him and take the risk. Under Thanabalasingam and with Tunku Abdul Rahman's foresight and will, they were responsible for initiating the gradual transformation of the navy from a coastal navy (brown water force) to a sea-going navy (green water navy).

1970s onwards

In 1977, the RMN acquired the frigate

Seacat
) system. Rahmat was decommissioned in 2004.

The RMN purchased several types of missile boats in the 1970s and 1980s. These were four

Mahamiru-class minehunters. These are Italian-built ships based on the Lerici-class but displacing 610 tons. Hydrographic duties are handled by KD Perantau and KD Mutiara. A Naval Air Wing was also founded with the purchase of ex-Royal Navy Westland Wasps. Some ships of the RMN that have been decommissioned was transferred to the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA). MMEA had received more than 20 vessels from the RMN fleet to equip its enforcement operations from 2000s onwards.[4]

Modernisation

Lekiu-class frigates and Nimitz-class aircraft carrier during a transit of the Andaman Sea.

The modernisation of the RMN began in the late 1980s. Four

offshore patrol vessels and a batch of Littoral Mission Ships namely Keris-class littoral mission ship and Ada-class corvette to strengthen the fleet. In addition, the construction of new modern Maharaja Lela-class frigate
also will make the RMN as a formidable power in the region.

Anti-piracy efforts

Main articles:
Piracy in the Sulu Sea

The Royal Malaysian Navy has been

ethylene dichloride.[8][9] The navy ship KA Bunga Mas 5 responded after receiving a distress signal from the ship. A Fennec attack helicopter was used to pin down the pirate mothership as commandos boarded the tanker. The commandos injured three pirates in the battle to re-take the ship. 23 sailors were rescued and seven Somali pirates were detained. According to an 11 February 2011 online breaking news update by CNN's Brad Lendon, the seven Somalis, including three boys under 15 years old, could face the death penalty if convicted on charges of firing on Malaysian armed forces- navy commandos- while attempting to hijack the ship. The seven was sentenced for four to seven years in prison by Malaysian High Court on 2 September 2013.[10] The ship was rescued 555 kilometres (300 nmi; 345 mi) from the coast of Oman.[11][12]

The Royal Malaysian Navy was also involved in the operation to secure the release of MT Orkim Harmony that was hijacked in 2015 by a group of Indonesian pirates. All of the pirates were captured with the help of Vietnam Border Guard (VNBG), Vietnam Coast Guard (VNCG),[13] Royal Australian Air Force[14] and the Indonesian Navy.[15]

offshore patrol vessel
involved in the blockade during Lahad Datu standoff.

Sulu militants intrusion on Sabah

Main article: 2013 Lahad Datu standoff

Following the Sulu militants' intrusion, a military standoff lasted from 11 February 2013 until 24 March 2013

Simunul island, Tawi-Tawi in the southern Philippines on 11 February 2013.[18][19][20] The group, calling themselves the "Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo", was sent by Jamalul Kiram III, one of the claimants to the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu.[18] Kiram stated that their objective was to assert the unresolved territorial claim of the Philippines to the eastern part of Sabah (which is the former North Borneo).[21]

Malaysian security forces surrounded the village of Tanduo in Lahad Datu where the group had gathered and after several weeks of negotiations and broken deadlines for the intruders to withdraw, security forces moved in and routed the militants. The Royal Malaysian Navy enforced a naval blockade during and after the standoff to ensure that no more Sulu militants would be able to reach Sabah. The assets allocated for the blockade included KD Jebat, KD Perak, KD Todak, among many others. The RMN also provided a naval special warfare unit for joint operations with army, air force and police commandos to track down and neutralise any militants left after the standoff.

Commanders

List of chiefs of the Royal Malaysian Navy

Main article: Chief of Navy (Malaysia)

Source.[22]

No Name Term Began Term Ended
1 Commodore Edward Dudley Norman 15 May 1957 7 February 1960
2 Captain W.J. Dovers 8 February 1960 13 July 1962
3 Commodore A.M. Synnot 14 July 1962 March 1965
4 Commodore A.N. Dollard March 1965 30 November 1967
5 Rear Admiral Tan Sri Dato' Seri K. Thanabalasingam 1 December 1967 31 December 1976
6 Vice Admiral Dato' Mohammad Zain Mohammad Salleh 1 January 1977 31 Januari 1986
7 Vice Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Wahab Hj Nawi 1 February 1986 31 October 1990
8 Vice Admiral Tan Sri Mohammad Shariff Ishak 1 November 1990 12 October 1995
9 Vice Admiral Tan Sri Ahmad Ramli Hj Mohd Nor 13 October 1995 14 October 1998
10 Admiral Tan Sri Dato' Seri Abu Bakar Abdul Jamal 14 October 1998 12 August 2002
11 Admiral Datuk Mohammad Ramly Abu Bakar 13 August 2002 12 August 2003
12 Admiral Tan Sri Dato' Seri Mohd Anwar Mohd Nor 13 August 2003 27 April 2005
13 Admiral Tan Sri Ilyas Hj Din 28 April 2005 14 November 2006
14 Admiral Tan Sri Ramlan Mohamed Ali 15 November 2006 31 March 2008
15 Admiral Tan Sri Dato' Seri Abdul Aziz Hj Jaafar 1 April 2008 18 November 2015
16 Admiral Tan Sri Ahmad Kamarulzaman Hj Ahmad Badaruddin 18 November 2015 29 November 2018
17 Admiral Tan Sri Mohd Reza Mohd Sany 30 November 2018 27 January 2023
18 Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Rahman Hj Ayob 27 January 2023 1 August 2024
19 Admiral Datuk Zulhelmy Ithnain 1 August 2024 current
  • Admiral Tan Sri Ramlan Mohamed Ali in Spain
    Admiral Tan Sri Ramlan Mohamed Ali in Spain
  • Admiral Tan Sri Ahmad Kamarulzaman Hj Ahmad Badaruddin in India
    Admiral Tan Sri Ahmad Kamarulzaman Hj Ahmad Badaruddin in India

Ranks

Main article: Malaysian military ranks

Sleeve insignia were similar from those of the Royal Navy, but rarely used and mostly used especially during foreign visits.

Rank group General/flag officers Senior officers Junior officers
 Royal Malaysian Navy[23]
Laksamana Armada Laksamana Laksamana Madya Laksamana Muda Laksamana Pertama Kapten Komander Leftenan Komander Leftenan Leftenan Madya Leftenan Muda

The Sultan of Selangor, as Commodore-in-Chief of the RMN, holds the rank of Honorary Rear Admiral and as such wears a normal Rear Admiral's uniform.

Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
 Royal Malaysian Navy[24]
 No insignia
Pegawai Waran I Pegawai Waran II Bintara Kanan Bintara Muda Laskar Kanan Laskar Kelas I Laskar Kelas II Perajurit Muda

Squadrons

RMN Scorpène-class submarine.
RMN Lekiu-class frigate.
RMN Super Lynx ASW helicopter.
  • Squadron Submarine
  • Squadron 23rd Frigate
  • Squadron 22nd Corvette
  • Squadron 24th Corvette
  • Squadron 17th PV
  • Squadron 11th LMS
  • Squadron 1st FAC
  • Squadron 2nd FAC
  • Squadron 6th FAC
  • Squadron 13th PC
  • Squadron Fast Troop Vessel
  • Squadron 26th Mine Counter Measure Vessel
  • Squadron 31st MPCSS
  • Squadron 32nd Sealift
  • Squadron 36th Hydro
  • Squadron 27th Training Vessel
  • Squadron Diving Tender
  • Squadron Tug
  • Squadron 501st Super Lynx
  • Squadron 502nd Fennec
  • Squadron 503rd AW139
  • Squadron 601st UAS

Fleets

Royal Malaysian Navy have two main fleets:

- The fleet HQ was at Lumut Naval Base, Lumut, Perak. The chief of the fleet is Vice Admiral Dato’ Ts. Shamsuddin bin Hj Ludin.

- The fleet HQ was at Sepanggar Naval Base, Sepanggar, Sabah. The chief of the fleet is Vice Admiral Datuk Hj Muhammad Ruzelme bin Hj Ahmad Fahimy.

Bases

Bases of the Royal Malaysian Navy.

The RMN's Fleet HQ is called KD Malaya, in

Lumut, Perak. Other bases are located at Tanjung Gelang, Kuantan, Pahang, which also serves as HQ Naval Region I and KD Sultan Ismail at Tanjung Pengelih, Johor, where the Recruit Training Centre is located. Bases are also located in Sandakan, Sabah. The principal submarine base is located at Sepanggar, Sabah
, which also serves as HQ Naval Region II.

Another base is constructed on Pulau Langkawi, Kedah to provide the RMN with readier access into the Indian Ocean. Ready access into the Pacific Ocean is available via the existing base at Labuan and Semporna, Sabah.

List of naval bases

Peninsular Malaysia

RMN ships docking at Lumut naval base during the 2022 Fleet Open Day.

East Malaysia

Offshore bases

The RMN base in Sepanggar Bay, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

The Royal Malaysian Navy's five naval stations were originally built on outlying atolls, with the most developed Station Lima now expanded to a comfortably habitable naval station and also a popular diving spot in the region, in contrast with its harsh original conditions in 1983. On 21 June 1980 a claim plaque was erected on the island and three years later eighteen PASKAL men went ashore in May 1983 to build the first encampment while braving the elements. At the time, the only infrastructure available was a helipad for personnel transfer and the sailors had to camp under the open skies on the bare reef. When the naval station proper was constructed six years later with the construction of a small living-cum-operations quarters, it was also decided that the enlarged island the atoll had become would also be developed as a tourist attraction so that the tourism potential of the island could be exploited.

Thus by 1995, more buildings were added, including two air-conditioned accommodation blocks, an aircraft landing strip, two hangars, a radar station, an air traffic control tower, watchtowers and a jetty. The aviation facilities on the island allow the operation of

C-130 Hercules transport planes and CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft operated by the Royal Malaysian Air Force. These facilities made the island a proper island station code-named Station Lima. Patrols by navy soldiers in CB90 attack boats and larger patrol vessels such as the Kedah-class offshore patrol vessels are carried out around the island. The Royal Malaysian Air Force also operate frequently on the airstrip. Several anti-ship and anti-aircraft guns are placed on several areas on the island and the RMAF personnel operate a Starburst
air defence system to prevent low-level air attacks. The rest of the stations were originally floating barge type habitat modules constructed on mainland Malaysia. Location selection and module positioning was done during high tide so that they could be more easily anchored during low tide and after found satisfactory, the modules were landed and filled in with cement and rocks to strengthen their anchorages. They are all also equipped with radar and ship docking facilities as well as water and power generation facilities. Soldiers are stationed on all stations.

Offshore stations

Special forces

Main article: PASKAL
RMN Special Operations Force PASKAL.

The special forces of the RMN is known as PASKAL (Pasukan Khas Laut or Naval Special Warfare Forces). In peacetime, the unit is tasked with responding to maritime hijacking incidents as well as protecting Malaysia's numerous offshore oil and gas platforms. Its wartime roles include seaborne infiltration, sabotaging of enemy naval assets and installations, and the defence of RMN vessels and bases. This unit is analogous to the United States Navy SEALs. On 15 April 2009, PASKAL was renamed KD Panglima Hitam (KD being the equivalent of HMS in the Royal Navy). The ceremony was held at the RMN Lumut Naval Base to honour PASKAL's courage and loyalty to the nation. Panglima Hitam was the name given to brave and loyal Malay warriors who served during the golden age of the Malay Rulers (Sultans and Rajas) of Perak, Selangor, Johor and Negeri Sembilan.[26]

Equipment

Main articles: List of equipment of the Royal Malaysian Navy and List of historical equipment of the Royal Malaysian Navy

Present development

PASKAL team member using the rappeling from Super Lynx ASW helicopter during 82nd Anniversaries of RMN.

The navy has sought to modernise its fleet with the procurement of new vehicles through the New Generation Patrol Vessels (NGPV) program which produced the Kedah-class offshore patrol vessel and the Second Generation Patrol Vessel (SPGV) program which produced the Maharaja Lela-class frigate. It has also purchased Keris-class littoral mission ships (patrol vessels) and ordered three Ada-class corvettes to fulfill its Littoral Mission Ship (LMS) program. Additionally, the navy has plans to procure a new class of amphibious warfare ships, Multi Role Support Ship (MRSS), for its fleet. As part of a modernisation plan launched in 2014, the navy has also launched the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) upgrade program for aging vessels.

Kedah-class New Generation Patrol Vessel

Main article: Kedah-class offshore patrol vessel

In 1996, the RMN planned to acquire a total of 27 New Generation Patrol Vessels (NGPV) to full fill its future requirement. The German

MEKO 100 based design was selected and a contract of six NGPVs was signed in 2003. However, due to management failure of the main contractor, PSC-Naval Dockyard Sdn Bhd (PSC-ND), progression was seriously delayed and led the programme into crisis. This may also affect the initial planned total number of NGPVs to be decreased. However, under the intervention of the Malaysian Government, Boustead Heavy Industries Corporation took over the PSC-ND, thus regaining momentum for the programme. After a long wait of 18 months, the first two hulls, KD Kedah commissioned in June 2006 and KD Pahang commissioned in August 2006. As of July 2009, all six ships had been launched. Subsequently, good progression of the programme has regained interest in the Malaysian decision makers to order the second batch of six NGPVs. Navy Chief Admiral Datuk Abdul Aziz bin Jaafar had recently unveiled that the navy is interested to have the second batch of NGPV ASW configured. The ASW configured NGPV is expected to be able to co-ordinate operations with the Scorpène submarines. The ships will also be upgrade with missiles.[27]

Scorpène-class submarine

Two

Exocet SM-39 sub-launched anti-ship missiles.[28][29] The submarine programme also included the redeployment of an Agosta-class submarine retired from the French Navy, for the training of submarine crews. The training of 150 Malaysian sailors, mainly in Brest, France, represented an important aspect of the programme. In 2006, the RMN had launched a nationwide competition to select the names for the first two Malaysian submarines. On 26 July, RMN announced these vessels will be named after historic Malaysians. The first hull will be named KD Tunku Abdul Rahman and the second hull KD Tun Abdul Razak. These vessels are classified as Perdana Menteri class in service with RMN.[2] The first vessel, KD Tunku Abdul Rahman was launched on 24 October 2007 at the Naval Group dockyard, Cherbourg, France.[30]

On 3 September 2009, the first Scorpène submarine of Malaysia KD Tunku Abdul Rahman, arrived at a Port Klang naval base on peninsular Malaysia's west coast after a 54-day voyage from France. Another base is also being constructed on Pulau Langkawi, Kedah to provide the RMN with readier access into the Indian Ocean. Ready access into the Pacific Ocean is available via the existing base at Semporna, Sabah. Defects and problems were found in the submarines such as the inability to submerge and faults in the coolant system of the first submarine, causing delays in the delivery of the second submarine.[31] In October 2012, the Malaysian Navy chief Tan Sri Abdul Aziz Jaafar said that the submarines were in good condition and operational after all the defects repaired by manufacturer.[32]

Utility and anti-submarine helicopter

The Malaysian government is also considering to increase the total of helicopters for the RMN. This includes both utility and anti-submarine helicopter. In September 2020, it is confirmed that Malaysia has sign the contract to purchase three maritime operations helicopter for utility role. The model selected was

Finmeccanica has signed a teaming agreement with Malaysian defence vehicle company, the Global Komited
to jointly distribute AgustaWestland AW159 helicopters if it was selected by the Malaysian government. Navy chief Admiral Datuk Abdul Aziz Jaafar unveiled an intention of the navy to acquire at least six ASW helicopters as a complement to the soon to be commissioned Maharaja Lela-class frigate.[34][35]

Multi Role Support Ship (MRSS)

Main article: Multi-role support ship (Malaysia)

RMN has an outstanding requirement for a Multi Role Support Ship (MRSS) to replace

Ninth Malaysian Plan but was postponed due to the 2008 financial crisis
.

Maharaja Lela-class frigate / Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)

Main article: Maharaja Lela-class frigate

Malaysia has launched its program to procure new class of modern frigate. The program is called Second Generation Patrol Vessel. In 2014, Malaysia signed a contract agreement worth MYR9 billion (US$2.8 billion) which was awarded to

Gowind 2500 corvette designed by French shipbuilder Naval Group
.

Littoral Mission Ship (LMS)

Main articles: Keris-class littoral mission ship and Ada-class corvette

Malaysia had planned to owned a total of 18 ships of the littoral mission ship in its fleet. In 2016, Malaysia agreed to purchase a littoral mission ship from China where the ships will be built by China Shipbuilding & Offshore International. The first ship will be delivered by 2019, the second and third by 2020 and the fourth by 2021 for the first batch of this program. For the second batch of littoral mission ship program, Malaysia had chooses Ada-class corvette made by Turkey company, Savunma Teknolojileri Muhendislik (STM). Three ship will be built for the second batch of littoral mission ship program.[36]

Unmanned aerial vehicle

RMN has set a requirements for the maritime surveillance using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Under Maritime Security Initiatives (MSI) program initiated by United States, Malaysia will receive a total of 18

Boeing Insitu ScanEagle. First six unit delivered to RMN in 2020 and another 12 unit in 2021.[37]

Service Life Extension Program (SLEP)

THALES Naval Division was selected as the contractor of the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) involving the Kasturi-class corvettes[38] – KD Kasturi, KD Lekir and two Mahamiru (Lerici)-class minehunters – KD Mahamiru, KD Ledang. The corvettes will receive radar and fire control upgrade while the minehunters will receive the new wide band sonar, CAPTAS-2.[39] The program aim to extend the service life of these surface combatants by another 10 years.[40][41] In the future, RMN also planned to give SLEP for other ships in the fleet to lengthening service period of older ships.

15 to 5 program

The RMN took a drastic approach by launching the '15 to 5' Fleet Transformation Program to ensure that the organisation continues as one of the powers in the region. The RMN Future Fleet 15 to 5 program is aimed at equipping the RMN with Scorpène-class submarines, Maharaja Lela-class frigates, Kedah-class offshore patrol vessels, Littoral Mission Ship (LMS) and Multi Role Support Ship (MRSS).[42]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • James Goldrick, Jack McCaffrie, Navies of South-East Asia: A Comparative Study (London: Routledge, 2012
    ISBN 9780415809429
    )
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