Kalmar: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 56°39′41″N 16°21′46″E / 56.66139°N 16.36278°E / 56.66139; 16.36278
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|established_title3 = [[City status in Sweden|Charter]]
|established_title3 = [[City status in Sweden|Charter]]
|established_date3 = 1100
|established_date3 = 1100
|area_footnotes =<ref name=scb>{{cite web|url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=Swedish |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/64arqC15e?url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archivedate=10 January 2012 |deadurl=no |accessdate=10 January 2012 |df= }}</ref>
|area_footnotes =<ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=Swedish |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64arqC15e?url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archivedate=10 January 2012 |deadurl=no |accessdate=10 January 2012 |df= }}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 19.50
|area_total_km2 = 19.50
|population_as_of = 31 December 2010
|population_as_of = 31 December 2010
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==Twin towns – sister cities==
==Twin towns – sister cities==
Kalmar is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with nine cities:<ref name=Sister>{{cite web|title=Våra vänorter|url=http://www.kalmar.se/Demokrati/internationellt-arbete/kalmars-vanorter/|work=kalmar.se|accessdate=27 April 2014}}</ref>
Kalmar is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with nine cities:<ref name=Sister>{{cite web|title=Våra vänorter|url=http://www.kalmar.se/Demokrati/internationellt-arbete/kalmars-vanorter/|work=kalmar.se|accessdate=27 April 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427153056/http://www.kalmar.se/Demokrati/internationellt-arbete/kalmars-vanorter/|archivedate=27 April 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Árborg]], Iceland
*{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Árborg]], Iceland
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arendal]], Norway
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arendal]], Norway
Line 245: Line 245:
{{wikivoyage|Kalmar}}
{{wikivoyage|Kalmar}}
*[http://www.kalmar.se/ Kalmar Municipality] – Official site
*[http://www.kalmar.se/ Kalmar Municipality] – Official site
*[http://www.ikalmar.se/ iKalmar] – a [[social network]] for citizens of Kalmar
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070118141030/http://www.ikalmar.se/ iKalmar] – a [[social network]] for citizens of Kalmar
*[http://www.kalmar.se/templates/Page.aspx?id=3775 Kalmar Castle]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051023200840/http://www.kalmar.se/templates/Page.aspx?id=3775 Kalmar Castle]
*[http://www.kalmarcity.se/ Kalmar City] – pictures from nightlife in Kalmar
*[http://www.kalmarcity.se/ Kalmar City] – pictures from nightlife in Kalmar
*[http://www.hik.se/ University of Kalmar]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060102070158/http://www.hik.se/ University of Kalmar]
*[http://www.cityrapporten.se/ CityRapporten] – local publication about Kalmar
*[http://www.cityrapporten.se/ CityRapporten] – local publication about Kalmar
*[http://www.barometern.se/ Barometern Oskarshamns-Tidningen] – [[Newspaper|daily newspaper]] from Kalmar and [[Oskarshamn]]
*[http://www.barometern.se/ Barometern Oskarshamns-Tidningen] – [[Newspaper|daily newspaper]] from Kalmar and [[Oskarshamn]]

Revision as of 07:35, 1 December 2017

This article is about the Swedish town. For other uses, see Kalmar (disambiguation).

Kalmar
Aerial view of the Kalmar Cathedral, The water tower in Berga, Kalmar Castle, Öland Bridge and The old water tower in central Kalmar.
Aerial view of the Kalmar Cathedral, The water tower in Berga, Kalmar Castle, Öland Bridge and The old water tower in central Kalmar.
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
39x xx
Area code(+46) 480
Websitekalmar.se

Kalmar is a

city in the southeast of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It had 36,392 inhabitants in 2010[1] and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality. It is also the capital of Kalmar County
, which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 236,399 inhabitants (2015).

From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, Kalmar was one of Sweden's most important cities. Between 1602 and 1913 it was the

Kalmar Diocese, with a bishop, and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is still a fine example of classicistic architecture. It became a fortified city, with the Kalmar Castle as the center. After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Kalmar's importance diminished, until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century. The city is home to parts of Linnaeus University
.

Kalmar is adjacent to the main route to the island of Öland over the Öland Bridge.

History

The area around Kalmar has been inhabited since

Saint Olav had his ships moved to Kalmar. The oldest city seal of Kalmar is from somewhere between 1255 and 1267, making it the oldest known city seal in Scandinavia.[citation needed
]

In the 12th century the first foundations of a castle were established, with the construction of a round tower for guard and lookout. The tower was continuously expanded in the 13th century, and as such, Queen

second in 1599 by command of Duke Charles, later to become King Charles IX of Sweden
.

Kalmar Castle today

In the 1540s, first King

Erik XIV of Sweden and John III of Sweden would organize a rebuilding of the castle into the magnificent Renaissance
castle it is today.

Kalmar became a diocese in 1603, a position it held until 1915. In 1634, Kalmar County was founded, with Kalmar as the natural capital. In 1660, the Kalmar Cathedral was begun by drawings of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder. It would be inaugurated in 1703.

In 1611–1613, it suffered in the Kalmar War, which began with a Danish siege of Kalmar Castle. 1611 is mentioned as the darkest year of Kalmar's history, but by no means the only dark year; much blood has been shed in the vicinity of the castle. The last was during the Scanian War in the 1670s, so there have been 22 sieges altogether; however the castle was never taken.

After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, the strategic importance of Kalmar gradually diminished as the borders were redrawn further south. In 1689, the King established his main naval base further south in Karlskrona and Kalmar lost its status as one of Sweden's main military outposts.

Kalmar Cathedral

Kalmar Cathedral today

The new city of Kalmar built on Kvarnholmen around the mid-1600s. The transfer from the old town was largely completed 1658th The new, fortified town was planned after the current renaissance ideals. According to this pattern were placed church and town hall across from each other at a major square

Stortorget Kalmar. The cathedral was built, designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Elder and is one of the foremost examples of barock klassicismens[clarification needed] breakthrough in Sweden. Kalmar Cathedral drawing series reflects the complex interaction between the new style, liturgical considerations, tradition and the fortress-city requirements. The work began in 1660, but it was interrupted on several occasions, including when the Scanian War
(Skånska kriget 1675–1679) raged. Construction resumed, and Kalmar Cathedral stood finished in 1703.

Today

In more recent times, Kalmar has been an industrial city with

Telia Sonera
.

Kalmar has embarked on a comprehensive program to reduce fossil fuel use. A local trucking firm, which employs nearly 450 people, has installed computers that track fuel efficiency and have cut diesel use by 10 percent, paying off the cost of the devices in just a year. The company is now looking to fuel its future fleet with biodiesel.[2]

A large

wood pulp plant harnesses the steam and hot water it once released as waste to provide heating, through below-ground pipes, and generates enough electricity to power its own operations and 20,000 homes.[2]

Bicycle lanes are common; for example, the Kalmarsundsleden,[3] and cars line up at Kalmar city's public biogas pump. Building codes now require thermal insulation and efficient windows for new construction or retrofits. Street lights use low-energy sodium bulbs, and car dealers promote fuel-efficient and hybrid vehicles.[2]

In 2011 Guldfågeln Arena was initiated. It is the new stadium of the football team of the city, Kalmar FF. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 people and it is currently one of the newest stadiums in Sweden. The stadium was also built to host concerts and did so in the summer of 2011 when Swedish artists Håkan Hellström and The Ark performed.

Climate

Kalmar has a cold oceanic climate.[4] It is somewhat continental with warm summers and cold winters which normally averages just above the freezing point during days and goes somewhat below it at night. It has some of the hottest temperatures recorded by Swedish cities for most months, with an all-time record of 35.2 °C (95.4 °F).[5] The average summer temperatures however are quite normal for southern Sweden.

Climate data for Kalmar (2002-2016); precipitation 1961-1990; extremes since 1901
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		25.7
(78.3) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		35.2
(95.4) 		33.1
(91.6) 		28.2
(82.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		13.2
(55.8) 		35.2
(95.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4) 		2.3
(36.1) 		6.3
(43.3) 		11.2
(52.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.8
(71.2) 		17.9
(64.2) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		3.5
(38.3) 		11.8
(53.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		2.1
(35.8) 		6.1
(43.0) 		10.7
(51.3) 		14.7
(58.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.3
(39.7) 		0.9
(33.6) 		7.7
(45.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.5
(25.7) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		9.3
(48.7) 		12.4
(54.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		4.3
(39.7) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		3.5
(38.3)
Record low °C (°F) −31.0
(−23.8) 		−26.5
(−15.7) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		2.6
(36.7) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−17.3
(0.9) 		−25.3
(−13.5) 		−31.0
(−23.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37.0
(1.46) 		28.9
(1.14) 		29.5
(1.16) 		29.0
(1.14) 		34.7
(1.37) 		38.9
(1.53) 		59.5
(2.34) 		49.5
(1.95) 		50.1
(1.97) 		38.5
(1.52) 		46.5
(1.83) 		41.2
(1.62) 		484.0
(19.06)
Source 1: SMHI[6]
Source 2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002-2016[7]

Gallery

History

  • The seal of Kalmar, 13th century
    The seal of Kalmar, 13th century
  • Engraving from Suecia antiqua et hodierna, circa 1700
    Engraving from
    Suecia antiqua et hodierna
    , circa 1700
  • Town plan, 1906
    Town plan, 1906

Main sights

General views

  • Main square
    Main square
  • Houses on the main square
    Houses on the main square
  • Street in Kalmar
    Street in Kalmar
  • Square in Kalmar
    Square in Kalmar
  • Scenic photograph of Kalmar Castle in the summer sun
    Scenic photograph of Kalmar Castle in the summer sun
  • Mermaid sculpture Kalmar
    Mermaid sculpture Kalmar

Sports

The following sports clubs are located in Kalmar:

Notable natives

Twin towns – sister cities

Kalmar is

twinned with nine cities:[8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Going green: Entire Swedish city switches to biofuels to become environmentally friendly
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ "Kalmar, Sweden Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  5. ^ "Monthly Weather Data - July 2014 (all-time records section)" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  6. ^ "Precipitation Normals 1961-1990" (in Swedish). Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Kalmar code 6641).
  7. ^ "Yearly and Monthly Statistics" (in Swedish). SMHI. 14 April 2017.
  8. ^ "Våra vänorter". kalmar.se. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kalmar.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kalmar.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalmar&oldid=813021429"