United States Forces – Iraq

United States Forces – Iraq
Active	January 1, 2010 – December 15, 2011
Country	United States
Size	112,000 (January 2010)[1]
Part of	United States Central Command
Headquarters	Victory Base Complex, Baghdad
Engagements	Iraq War
Commanders
Commanding General	Raymond T. Odierno (until September 2010) Lloyd Austin
Deputy Commanding General	Frank Helmick (until July 2011) Thomas Spoehr
Command Sergeant Major	Lawrence K. Wilson (until September 2010) Joseph R. Allen
Notable commanders	Michael D. Barbero
Insignia
Flag

United States Forces – Iraq (USF-I) was an American military sub-unified

.

Background

United States Forces – Iraq was the military component of the American and Iraqi bilateral relationship, responsible for defense and security cooperation. The U.S.–Iraq Strategic Framework Agreement reads:^[3]

In order to strengthen security and stability in Iraq, and thereby contribute to international peace and stability, and to enhance the ability of the Republic of Iraq to deter all threats against its sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity, the Parties shall continue to foster close cooperation concerning defense and security arrangements without prejudice to Iraqi sovereignty over its land, sea, and air territory.

The United States occupied Iraq between the toppling of the Ba'athist Iraqi government and the dissolution of the Coalition Provisional Authority on 28 June 2004. Thereafter, the United States remained in Iraq after obtaining United Nations Security Council approvals and resolutions, negotiated with involvement from the Transitional Government of Iraq. On 1 January 2009, the Government of Iraq obtained full responsibility for security in all of Iraq. Consequently, United States Forces – Iraq did not have responsibility for, nor control of, any ground in Iraq. Its mission was limited to defense and security cooperation only.^{[citation needed]}

History

During 2008 and 2009, all non-U.S. foreign forces withdrew from Iraq. Withdrawal of all non-U.S. forces was complete by 31 July 2009. As of 1 January 2009, the Iraqi government became fully responsible, through its security ministries, for maintaining and providing security and rule of law for its populace. Furthermore, as of 28 June 2009, no foreign forces were stationed within any of Iraq's major cities. The United States decided after negotiations to cease combat operations, that is, patrolling, serving arrest warrants, route clearance, etc., within Iraq by 1 September 2010, and to transition to an advisory, training and assistance role. The changing mission entailed major troop reductions. Numbers dropped from 115,000 on 15 December 2009, to 50,000 by 1 September 2010, and to zero by 31 December 2011.

Ray Odierno

of the U.S. Army salutes the newly unfurled USF–I flag during the command's activation ceremony in January 2010.

. This also meant that further space was created for the reconstitution of the U.S. military after the end of significant combat operations. (This reconstitution may include, for example, longer leave for many personnel, enhanced space for psychological counselling, equipment repair and maintenance, transport of enormous amounts of equipment, supplies, and materiel south to Kuwait and onward, reconsideration of requirements, etc.).

The new USF–I was claimed to be organized into three divisions, which as of January 2010 were actually four.

MNSTC–I became U.S. Forces – Iraq, Advising and Training, which was under a major general (Jane's Defence Weekly, January 2010), double-hatted as Commander, NATO Training Mission – Iraq (NTM–I).

Withdrawals

• 1 January 2009 – The U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement went into effect, and gave the Government of Iraq de jure responsibility of maintaining and providing security for all of its people. Approximately 150,000 foreign troops in Iraq.^[9]
• 28 June 2009 – Foreign forces were no longer stationed within any of Iraq's major cities. Proclaimed as a national holiday by Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.
• 31 July 2009 – The last large groups of non-U.S. foreign forces completed their withdrawal from Iraq.
• 1 January 2010 – The major commands Multi-National Force – Iraq, Multi-National Corps – Iraq and Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq merged into the unified command United States Forces – Iraq, reducing the total number of staff positions by 41%. Approximately 112,000 U.S. troops in Iraq.^[1]
• 7 March 2010 – Iraq held parliamentary elections, its second under its democratic constitution, and is seen as an important milestone for the young Iraqi political system; this leaves approximately 96,000 U.S. troops in Iraq.^[10]
• 1 September 2010 – American forces ceased all combat operations, i.e. patrolling, serving arrest warrants, route clearance, etc., and transitioned to a pure advise, train and assist role.
  Operation Iraqi Freedom is officially concluded, and the advise and assist mission continues under Operation New Dawn.^[11] 49,700 U.S. troops in Iraq.^[1]
• 31 December 2011 – American forces complete their withdrawal from Iraq, leaving no U.S. military forces in the country. All security responsibilities were then assumed by the
  United States Embassy in Baghdad took up the remaining DOD training, equipment sales, and follow-on support functions.^[12]

References

External links

• Official website