Water bottle

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A water bottle is a container that is used to hold liquids, mainly water, for the purpose of transporting a drink while travelling or while otherwise away from a supply of potable water.

Water bottles are usually made of plastic, glass, metal, or some combination of those substances. In the past, water bottles were sometimes made of wood, bark, or animal skins such as leather, hide and sheepskin.^{[citation needed]}

Water bottles can be either

Sales of single-use, pre-filled plastic water bottles have increased almost every year for more than a decade.^[

In some countries with low-quality tap water, citizens also use bottled water (including in family-size containers kept in the home) for health reasons. For example, as of 2010, Mexico had an average 8 percent increase per year in bottled water purchases and consumed approximately 13 percent of the world's total of bottled water.^[2] Mexican citizens drink more bottled water than people of any other country, at an average of 61.8 gallons per person each year – more than twice the rate of US per capita consumption.^[2] The increase in the use of single-use personal plastic water bottles has contributed markedly to the country's litter problem, though the increase in the popularity of bottled water has come with a decrease in the growth rate of consumption of soft drinks^[2] (which pose health risks in excessive quantities, as well as the same littering problem).

Multi-use water bottles can be made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), copolyester, or polypropylene. They all offer the advantage of being durable, lightweight, dishwasher-safe, and BPA-free. The main difference between each type of water bottle is the flexibility of the material. Copolyester and polypropylene offer the greatest rigidity; HDPE retains some flexibility; LDPE (most commonly associated with collapsible, squeeze bottles) is highly flexible.

Metal water bottles are growing in popularity. Made primarily from stainless steel or aluminium (aluminum), they are durable and retain less odor and taste from previous contents than most plastic bottles. But these can sometimes impart a metallic taste. Metal bottles thus often contain a resin or epoxy liner to protect contents from taste and odor transfer or corrosion.^[3] Although most liners are now BPA-free, older and less expensive models can contain BPA. Glass liners may also be used (see next subsection).

It is not recommended to fill aluminium bottles with

Glass flasks have been used since ancient times, though were not common until the

Glass bottles are heavier than plastic, stainless steel, or aluminium, and are easier to damage or completely break. Like metal, they also have a high level of

This type of bottle is often BPA-Free and more commonly uses carbon (activated charcoal) filtration.

Hydration reservoirs, also known as hydration bladders, are large-volume, flexible bags typically carried in a backpack system. Users access water via a sipping tube. This system allows the user to remain engaged in activity without having to stop and unscrew a water bottle.^[9] Such reservoirs also permit the carrying of a larger water supply (thus a longer hike), as they have both more capacity and better integration into the carrying equipment than an external water bottle or canteen attached to the pack or belt.

Due to growing concern over the environmental impact and cost of disposable plastic water bottles, more people are choosing to fill multi-use water bottles. However, the popularity and availability of disposable plastic water bottles continues to rise. In 2007, Americans consumed 50 billion single-serve bottles of water. Since 2001, the sale of single-serve bottled water has fluctuated by 70 percent, and this trend is continuing.^[10]

In 2016, a trend among Americans called "

In 2008, researchers from Arizona State University found that storing plastic bottles in temperatures at or above 60 °C can cause antimony to enter the water contained in the bottles. Therefore, frequently drinking from bottles stored in places such as cars during the summer months may have negative health effects.^[14]

Bottle manufacturing relies on petroleum and natural resources. Some manufacturing processes release toxic chemicals into the air and water supply that can affect

Water bottles made of

Because the manufacturing and transportation of disposable water bottles requires

• Beverage can
• Bottled water
• Carboy
• Edible water bottle
• Low plastic water bottle
• Plastic pollution
• Sipper water bottle, a water dispenser for pets
• Refill (scheme)