Water transport in India
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Water transport in India has played a significant role in the country's economy and is indispensable to
It is one of the cheapest modes of
Since 1947, India has made great progress in shipping and gradually became the second largest shipping country in Asia and sixth largest in the world. Indian ships ply on most of the shipping route of the world. India has a 6,100 kilometres (3,790 mi)-long coastline with only twelve major ports: Mumbai, Kandla, Jawaharlal Nehru Port (at Nehru Seve), Marmagaon, New Mangalore and Kochi on the west coast, alongside Kolkata, Chennai, Haldia, Paradeep, Vishakhapatnam and Tuticorin on the east coast.
Jawaharlal Nehru Port of Mumbai has been developed as one of the major ports. It is the only fully mechanized port of India. The biggest port is Mumbai which handles largest number of ships as well as trade. Kandla port in Gujarat compensates the loss of the Port of Karachi to Pakistan. Vishakhapatnam is the third largest port of India. Kolkata is the largest inland port of Asia.
Benefits of waterways transport
The cost of
Freight transport by waterways is highly under-utilized in India compared to other large countries and geographic areas such as the United States, China and the European Union. The total cargo moved (in tonne kilometres) by inland waterways was 0.1 percent of the total inland traffic in India, compared to the 21 percent figure for the United States.
Inland Canals and Inland Waterways
Cargo transported in an organized manner is confined to a few waterways in
Vessels / Terminals | Construction, Operation & Maintenance | Government Agencies | Public Sector Enterprises | Private Sector Enterprises |
---|---|---|---|---|
Waterway | Constructing of waterway | IWAI[a] | CIWTC[b] in Sundarbans | - |
Waterway | Maintenance of Waterway | IWAI | Subcontracted Dredging | Subcontracted Dredging |
Waterway | Navigational Support | IWAI | Ports, near port areas GPS suppliers (KPT, Port of Panaji) | - |
Carriers (Vessels) |
Vessel Manufacturing | – | CIWTC,[b] Hooghly Docks, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) | Several |
Carriers (Vessels) |
Vessel ownership | IWAI | CIWTC[b]/KSINCL[c] and others | Several |
Carriers (Vessels) |
Vessel maintenance/repair | – | CIWTC[b]/KSINCL[c] and others | Several |
Carriers (Vessels) |
Vessel Operation | – | CIWTC[b]/KSINCL[c] and others | Several |
Terminals (Jetties) |
Terminal construction | IWAI[a] and State Government | Mormugao Port Trust, CIWTC[b] | Several |
Terminals (Jetties) |
Terminal operation | – | Mormugao Port Trust | Several |
Notes
Coastal Waterways or Coastline Waterways
Transport facilities available by ship along India's vast coastline are part of the coastal shipping system. Coastal shipping is one of the most important aspects of Indian Transport system. The country has a coastline of nearly 7,517 kilometres or 4,671 miles including the coastline of
See also
- Bharatmala, Road transport in India
- Expressways of India
- Setu Bharatam, river road bridge development in India
- List of National Waterways in India
- Rail transport in India
- Sagar Mala project, national water port development connectivity scheme
- Transport in India
- UDAN, national airport development connectivity scheme
References
- ^ IWAI revises cargo handling target to 100 MT on national waterways by FY22, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
- ^ "Maruti Suzuki planning to transport vehicles via inland waterways". news. Economic Times. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ PTI (12 August 2016). "Government to spend Rs 50,000 crore on river front development: Nitin Gadkari". news. The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ "Gazette Notification" (PDF). Gazette of India. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ "Government groups 106 national waterways in three categories", The Economic Times, 9 May 2016
- ^ "What is Gujarat's Ro-Ro ferry service?", The Indian Express, 22 October 2017
- ^ INTRODUCTION TO INLAND WATER TRANSPORT
- ^ "Water Transport System in India". Economics Discussion. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2019.