World Peace Council
The World Peace Council (WPC) is an international organization with the stated goals of advocating for universal
History
Origins
In August 1948 through the initiative of the
A new permanent organization emerged from the April 1949 conclave, the World Committee of Partisans for Peace.[1] At a Second World Congress held in Warsaw in November 1950, this group adopted the new name World Peace Council (WPC).[1] The origins of the WPC lay in the Cominform's doctrine that the world was divided between "peace-loving" progressive forces led by the Soviet Union and "warmongering" capitalist countries led by the United States, declaring that peace "should now become the pivot of the entire activity of the Communist Parties", and most western Communist parties followed this policy.[2]
In 1950, Cominform adopted the report of Mikhail Suslov, a senior Soviet official, praising the Partisans for Peace and resolving that, "The Communist and Workers' Parties must utilize all means of struggle to secure a stable and lasting peace, subordinating their entire activity to this" and that "Particular attention should be devoted to drawing into the peace movement trade unions, women's, youth, cooperative, sport, cultural, education, religious and other organizations, and also scientists, writers, journalists, cultural workers, parliamentary and other political and public leaders who act in defense of peace and against war."[3]
Wroclaw 1948 and New York 1949
The
The Congress elected a permanent International Committee of Intellectuals in Defence of Peace (also known as the International Committee of Intellectuals for Peace and the International Liaison Committee of Intellectuals for Peace) with headquarters in Paris.
Paris and Prague 1949
The World Congress of Partisans for Peace in Paris (20 April 1949) repeated the Cominform line that the world was divided between "a non-aggressive Soviet group and a war-minded imperialistic group, headed by the United States government".
Sheffield and Warsaw 1950
In 1950, the World Congress of the Supporters of Peace adopted a permanent constitution for the World Peace Council, which replaced the Committee of Partisans for Peace.
1950s
The WPC was directed by the International Department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party[13] through the Soviet Peace Committee,[14] although it tended not to present itself as an organ of Soviet foreign policy, but rather as the expression of the aspirations of the "peace loving peoples of the world".[15][16]
In its early days the WPC attracted numerous "political and intellectual superstars",
In the 1950s, congresses were held in Vienna,[21] Berlin, Helsinki and Stockholm.[5] The January 1952 World Congress of People in Vienna represented Joseph Stalin's strategy of peaceful coexistence,[22] resulting in a more broad-based conference.[citation needed] Among those attending were Jean-Paul Sartre and Hervé Bazin.
In 1955, another WPC meeting in Vienna launched an "Appeal against the Preparations for Nuclear War", with grandiose claims about its success.[23]
The WPC led the international peace movement in the decade after the Second World War, but its failure to speak out against the Soviet suppression of the
1960s
Throughout much of the 1960s and early 1970s, the WPC campaigned against the US's role in the Vietnam War. Opposition to the Vietnam War was widespread in the mid-1960s and most of the anti-war activity had nothing to do with the WPC, which decided, under the leadership of J. D. Bernal, to take a softer line with non-aligned peace groups in order to secure their co-operation. In particular, Bernal believed that the WPC's influence with these groups was jeopardized by China's insistence that the WPC give unequivocal support to North Vietnam in the war.[25]
In 1968, the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia occasioned unprecedented dissent from Soviet policy within the WPC. It brought about such a crisis in the Secretariat that in September that year only one delegate supported the invasion.[25] However, the Soviet Union soon reasserted control, and according to the US State Department, "The WPC's eighth world assembly in East Berlin in June 1969 was widely criticized by various participants for its lack of spontaneity and carefully orchestrated Soviet supervision. As the British General Secretary of the International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace and a delegate to the 1969 assembly wrote (Tribune, 4 July 1969): 'There were a number [of delegates] who decided to vote against the general resolution for three reasons (a) it was platitudinous (b) it was one sided and (c) in protest against restrictions on minorities and the press within the assembly. This proved impossible in the end for no vote was taken.'"[16]
Activities
Until the late 1980s, the World Peace Council's principal activity was the organization of large international congresses, nearly all of which had over 2,000 delegates representing most of the countries of the world. Most of the delegates came from pro-Communist organizations, with some observers from non-aligned bodies. There were also meetings of the WPC Assembly, its highest governing body. The congresses and assemblies issued statements, appeals and resolutions that called for world peace in general terms and condemned US weapons policy, invasions and military actions. The US Department of State described the congresses as follows: "The majority of participants in the assemblies are Soviet and East European communist party members, representatives of foreign communist parties, and representatives of other Soviet-backed international fronts. Token noncommunist participation serves to lend an element of credibility. Discussion usually is confined to the inequities of Western socioeconomic systems and attacks on the military and foreign policies of the United States and other imperialist, fascist nations. Resolutions advocating policies favored by the U.S.S.R. and other communist nations are passed by acclamation, not by vote. In most cases, delegates do not see the texts until they are published in the communist media. Attempts by noncommunist delegates to discuss Soviet actions (such as the invasion of Afghanistan) are dismissed as interference in internal affairs or anti-Soviet propaganda. Dissent among delegates often is suppressed and never acknowledged in final resolutions or communiques. All assemblies praise the U.S.S.R. and other progressive societies and endorse Soviet foreign policy positions."[16]
The WPC was involved in demonstrations and protests especially in areas bordering US
On 18 March 1950, the WPC launched its Stockholm Appeal at a meeting of the Permanent Committee of the World Peace Congress,[7] calling for the absolute prohibition of nuclear weapons. The campaign won popular support, collecting, it is said, 560 million signatures in Europe, most from socialist countries, including 10 million in France (including that of the young Jacques Chirac), and 155 million signatures in the Soviet Union – the entire adult population.[26] Several non-aligned peace groups who had distanced themselves from the WPC advised their supporters not to sign the Appeal.[5]
In June 1975 the WPC launched a second Stockholm Appeal during a period of détente between East and West. It declared that, "The victories of peace and détente have created a new international climate, new hopes, new confidence, new optimism among the peoples."[5]
In the 1980s it campaigned against the deployment of U.S. missiles in Europe.
It published two magazines, New Perspectives and Peace Courier. Its current magazine is Peace Messenger.[27]
Associated groups
In accordance with the Comniform's 1950 resolution to draw into the peace movement trade unions, women's and youth organisations, scientists, writers and journalists, etc., several Communist
- Christian Peace Conference[28][29]
- International Federation of Resistance Fighters[30]
- International Institute for Peace[28][29]
- International Association of Democratic Lawyers[30]
- International Organization of Journalists[30]
- International Union of Students[30]
- World Federation of Democratic Youth[30]
- World Federation of Scientific Workers[30]
- World Federation of Trade Unions[30]
- Women's International Democratic Federation[30]
Relations with non-aligned peace groups
The WPC has been described as caught in contradictions as "it sought to become a broad world movement while being instrumentalized increasingly to serve foreign policy in the Soviet Union and nominally socialist countries."[31] From the 1950s until the late 1980s it tried to use non-aligned peace organizations to spread the Soviet point of view, alternately wooing and attacking them, either for their pacifism or their refusal to support the Soviet Union. Until the early 1960s there was limited co-operation between such groups and the WPC, but they gradually dissociated themselves as they discovered it was impossible to criticize the Soviet Union at WPC conferences.[4]
From the late 1940s to the late 1950s the WPC, with its large budget and high-profile conferences, dominated the peace movement, to the extent that the movement became identified with the Communist cause.
As the non-aligned peace movement "was constantly under threat of being tarnished by association with avowedly pro-Soviet groups", many individuals and organizations "studiously avoided contact with Communists and fellow-travellers."
From about 1982, following the proclamation of
Rainer Santi, in his history of the International Peace Bureau, said that the WPC "always had difficulty in securing cooperation from West European and North American peace organisations because of its obvious affiliation with Socialist countries and the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. Especially difficult to digest, was that instead of criticising the Soviet Union's unilaterally resumed atmospheric nuclear testing in 1961, the WPC issued a statement rationalizing it. In 1979 the World Peace Council explained the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as an act of solidarity in the face of Chinese and US aggression against Afghanistan."[5] Rob Prince, a former secretary of the WPC, suggested that it simply failed to connect with the western peace movement because it used most of its funds on international travel and lavish conferences. It had poor intelligence on Western peace groups, and, even though its HQ was in Helsinki, had no contact with Finnish peace organizations.[17]
After the demise of the Soviet Union
By the mid-1980s the Soviet Peace Committee "concluded that the WPC was a politically expendable and spent force",[17] although it continued to provide funds until 1991.[46] As the Soviet Peace Committee was the conduit for Soviet direction of the WPC, this judgement represented a downgrading of the WPC by the Soviet Communist Party. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Peace Committee developed bilateral international contacts "in which the WPC not only played no role, but was a liability."[17] Gorbachev never even met WPC President Romesh Chandra and excluded him from many Moscow international forums.[17] Following the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, the WPC lost most of its support, income and staff and dwindled to a small core group.[47] Its international conferences now attract only a tenth of the delegates that its Soviet-backed conferences could attract (see below), although it still issues statements couched in similar terms to those of its historic appeals.[27]
Location
The WPC first set up its offices in Paris, but was accused by the French government of engaging in "fifth column" activities and was expelled in 1952. It moved to Prague and then to Vienna.[48] In 1957 it was banned by the Austrian government. It was invited to Prague but did not move there,[48] had no official HQ but continued to operate in Vienna[5] under cover of the International Institute for Peace.[49] In 1968 it re-assumed its name and moved to Helsinki,[5] Finland, where it remained until 1999. In 2000 it re-located to Athens, Greece.[21]
Funding
The WPC was receiving financial contributions from friendly countries and from the Soviet Peace Committee during its history until 1991.[50][29] After the year 2000 and the shifting of the Head office to Athens, its current finances derive exclusively from Membership Fees and contributions/donations by members and friends, based on the rules and regulations adopted in 2008, during the 19th Assembly of the WPC held in Caracas/Venezuela. The executive committee and Assemblies receive financial reports on income and expenses.
Allegations of CIA measures against the WPC
The
Current organisation
The WPC currently states its goals as: Actions against imperialist wars and occupation of sovereign countries and nations; prohibition of all weapons of mass destruction; abolition of foreign military bases; universal disarmament under effective international control; elimination of all forms of
The WPC is a registered NGO at the
Leadership
- President: Pallab Sengupta, All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation (AIPSO) [55]
- General Secretary: Thanasis Pafilis, Greek Committee for International Détente and Peace (EEDYE)
- Executive Secretary: Iraklis Tsavdaridis, Greek Committee for International Détente and Peace (EEDYE)[27]
Secretariat
The members of the Secretariat of the WPC are:
- All India Peace and Solidarity Organization(AIPSO)
- Brazilian Center for Solidarity with the People and the Struggle for Peace (CEBRAPAZ)
- Greek Committee for International Détente and Peace (EEDYE)
- South African Peace Initiative (SAPI)
- Sudan Peace and Solidarity Council (SuPSC)
- Cuban Institute for the Friendship of the Peoples (ICAP)
- US Peace Council (USPC)
- Japan Peace Committee
- Portuguese Council for Peace and Cooperation (CPPC)
- Palestinian Committee for Peace and Solidarity (PCPS)
- Nepal Peace and Solidarity Council (NPSC)
- Cyprus Peace Council (CyPC)
- Syrian National Peace Council (SNPC)[56][57]
Peace prizes
The WPC awards several
Congresses and assemblies
The highest WPC body, the Assembly, meets every three years.[58]
WPC Assemblies
- The World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace held in Wroclaw on 6 August 1948 established the International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace.
- The World Congress of Partisans for Peace held on 20 April 1949 Paris & Prague established a World Committee of Partisans for Peace, which is considered the founding Congress of the WPC
- Paris & Prague, April 1949
- Warsaw, November 1950
- Vienna, December 1952
- Helsinki, June 1955
- Stockholm, July 1958
- Moscow, July 1962
- Helsinki, July 1965
- Berlin, June 1969
- Budapest, May 1971
- Moscow, October 1973
- Warsaw, May 1977
- Sofia, September 1980
- Prague, June 1983
- Sofia, April 1986
- Athens, May 1990
- Mexico City, October 1996
- Athens, May 2000
- Athens, May 2004
- Caracas, April 2008
- Kathmandu, July 2012
- Sao Luis, November 2016
- Hanoi, November 2022
Presidents
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1950–58)
- John Desmond Bernal(1959–65)
- Isabelle Blume (1965–69)
- Romesh Chandra (General Secretary in 1966–1977; President in 1977–90)
- Evangelos Maheras (1990–93)
- Albertina Sisulu (1993–2002)
- Niranjan Singh Maan (General Secretary)
- Orlando Fundora López (2002–08)
- Maria do Socorro Gomes Coelho (2008-2022)
- Pallab Sengupta(2022-)
Current members
Under its current rules, WPC members are national and international organizations that agree with its main principles and any of its objectives and pay membership fees. Other organizations may join at the discretion of the executive committee or become associate members. Distinguished individuals may become honorary members at the discretion of the executive committee.[58]
As of March 2014, the WPC lists the following organizations among its "members and friends".[59]
Current Communist States
- Chinese Association for Peace and Disarmament
- Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of the Peoples
- Lao Peace and Solidarity Committee
- Vietnam Peace Committee
Former Soviet Union
- Armenian Peace Committee
- Belarus Peace Committee
- Georgian Peace Committee
- Ukraine Anti-Fascist Committee
- Latvian Peace Committee
- International Federation for Peace and Conciliation (the former Soviet Peace Committee a federation of a number of organizations in the CIS). Its member organizations, at the time of its founding in 1992, included:[60]
- Armenian Committee for Peace and Conciliation
- National Peace Committee of Republic of Azerbaijan
- Public Association Belarusian Peace Committee
- Peace Committee of the Republic of Georgia
- Public Association Council for Peace and Conciliation of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- Public Association Council for Peace and Conciliation of the Kyrgyz Republic
- Latvian movement for peace
- Lithuanian Peace Forum
- Public Association "Аlliance for Peace of the Republic of Moldova"
- Russian Peace Committee
- Republican Public Association Peace Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan
- Peace Fund of Turkmenistan
- Ukrainian Peace Council
Former Eastern bloc
- Bulgarian National Peace Council
- Czech Peace Movement
- Hungarian Peace Committee
- Mongolia Union for Peace and Friendship
Europe
- Austrian Peace Council
- Vrede (Belgium)
- Croatia Anti-Fascist Committee
- Cyprus Peace Council
- Danish Peace Council
- Finnish Peace Committee
- Mouvement de la Paix (France)
- German Peace Council
- Greek Committee for International Detente and Peace
- Ireland Peace and Neutrality Alliance
- Forum against War (Italy)
- Peace Committee of Luxembourg
- Malta Peace Council
- Netherlands Hague Platform
- Portuguese Council for Peace and Cooperation
- Belgrade Forum for a World of Equals (Serbia)
- Swedish Peace Committee
- Swiss Peace Movement
- Peace Committee of Turkey
Asia
- Bangladesh Peace Council
- Bhutan Peace Council
- Burmese Peace Committee
- Cambodian Peace Committee
- All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation
- Association for the Defense of Peace, Solidarity and Democracy (Iran)
- Peace Committee of Israel
- Lebanese Peace Committee
- Japan Peace Committee
- Korean National Peace Committee (North Korea)
- Nepal Peace and Solidarity Council
- Pakistan Peace and Solidarity Council
- Palestinian Committee for Peace and Solidarity
- Philippines Peace and Solidarity Council
- Peace and Solidarity Organisation of Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Peace and Solidarity Council
- Syrian National Peace Council
- Timor-Leste Conselho da Paz
- Yemen Peace Committee
Africa
- Angolan League for the Friendship of the Peoples
- Congo Peace Committee (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Egyptian Peace Committee
- Ethiopian Peace Committee
- Peace Council of Mozambique
- Peace Committee of Madagascar
- Peace Committee of Namibia
- Nigerian Peace Committee
- South African Peace Initiative
- Sudan Peace and Solidarity Council
- Tunisian Peace Committee
- Zimbabwe Peace Committee
Americas
- Movimento por la Paz, Soberania y Solidaridad (Argentina)
- Caribbean Movement for Peace and Integration (Barbadoes)
- Comite Boliviano por la Paz, Tupaj Amaru
- Brazilian Center for Solidarity with the Peoples and Struggle for Peace
- Canadian Peace Congress
- Peace Committee of Chile
- Colombian Peace Committee
- Costa Rican National Peace Council
- Dominican Union Journalists for Peace
- Ecuador Peace and Independence Movement
- Movimento Mexicano por la Paz y el Desarollo
- Comite de Paz de Nicaragua
- Comite Nacional de Defensa de Solidaridad y Paz (Panama)
- Comite de Paz de Paraguay
- Comite Peruano por la Paz
- Movimento Salvadoreno por la Paz
- U.S. Peace Council
- Uruguay Grupo Historia y Memoria
- Comite de Solidaridad Internacional (Venezuela)
Oceania
Other
See also
- List of anti-war organizations
- List of peace activists
- Active measures
- Soviet influence on the peace movement
- International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace
- Communist propaganda
- Front organization
- National Council of Arts, Sciences and Professions
- Peace movement
- World peace
- World union for peace and fundamental human rights and the rights of peoples
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e Milorad Popov, "The World Council of Peace," in Witold S. Sworakowski (ed.), World Communism: A Handbook, 1918–1965. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1973; pg. 488.
- ^ .
- ^ Suslov, M., The Defence of Peace and the Struggle Against the Warmongers Archived 1 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Cominform, 1950.
- ^ ISBN 0804721416
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Santi, Rainer, 100 years of Peace Making: A History of the International Peace Bureau and other international peace movement organisations and networks Archived 21 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Pax förlag, International Peace Bureau, January 1991.
- ^ "Communists", Time Magazine, 2 May 1949.
- ^ Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on the Communist "peace" offensive. A campaign to disarm and defeat the United States, 1951
- ^ Gerald Horne, Mary Young (eds), W.E.B. Du Bois: An Encyclopedia, p. 47.
- ^ Andersson, Stellan, "'Madness is Becoming More Widespread.' Peace and disarmament". Archived 29 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
- ^ "Picasso's poster for the Congrès Mondiale des Partisans pour la Paix". Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Defty, A., Britain, America, and anti-communist propaganda, 1945–53, Routledge, 2004. p. 217
- ^ Laird, R. F., and Erik P. Hoffmann. Soviet Foreign Policy in a Changing World, New York: Aldine, 1986. p. 189.
- ^ Burns, J. F., "Soviet peace charade is less than convincing" Archived 10 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 16 May 1982.
- ^ The Way to Defend World Peace Archived 4 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Speech by Liao Cheng-Chin at the Stockholm session of the World Peace Council, 16 December 1961.
- ^ a b c d "United States Department of State, The World Peace Council's "Peace Assemblies", Foreign Affairs Note, 1983" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Prince, R., "The Ghost Ship of Lönnrotinkatu" Archived 26 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Peace Magazine, May–June 1992.
- ^ Moro, R., "Catholic Church, Italian Catholics and Peace Movements: the Cold War Years, 1947–1962".
- ^ "Congress For Peace - Vienna 1952" Archived 21 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine (book), A History of the World in 100 Objects.
- ^ Moubayed, Sami M. (2006), Steel & Silk: Men & Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000, Cune Press, p. 368
- ^ a b "World Peace Council Collected Records (CDG-B Finland), Swarthmore College Peace Collection". Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ Stalin, J. V. The People Do Not Want War. Archived 10 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- .
- ^ Seedbed of the Left, Workers Liberty, WL Publications, 1993.
- ^ a b Wernicke, Günther, "The World Peace Council and the Antiwar Movement in East Germany", in Daum, A. W., L. C. Gardner and W. Mausbach (eds), America, The Vietnam War and the World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
- ^ Mikhailova, Y., Ideas of Peace and Concordance in Soviet Political Propaganda (1950 – 1985). Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c "World Peace Council". Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ a b c U.S. Congress. House. Select Committee on Intelligence, Soviet Covert Action: The Forgery Offensive, 6 and 19 Feb. 1980, 96th Cong., 2d sess., 1963. Washington, DC: GPO, 1980.
- ^ ISBN 0-8179-9102-6, pp. 79–88.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Effect of Invasion of Czechoslovakia on Soviet Fronts Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, CIA.
- ^ Wernicke, Günter, "The Communist-Led World Peace Council and the Western Peace Movements Archived 11 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine: The Fetters of Bipolarity and Some Attempts to Break Them in the Fifties and Early Sixties", Peace & Change, Vol. 23, No. 3, July 1998, pp. 265–311(47).
- Allison and Busby, 1983.
- .
- ^ Vladimir Bukovsky, "The Peace Movements and the Soviet Union", Commentary, May 1982, pp. 25–41.
- ^ John Kohan, "The KGB: Eyes of the Kremlin", Time, 14 February 1983.
- ^ Rotblat, Joseph, "Russell and the Pugwash Movement" Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The 1998 Bertrand Russell Peace Lectures.
- ^ Russell, Bertrand, and A. G. Bone (ed.), The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell (Volume 28): Man's Peril, 1954–55, Routledge, 2003.
- ISBN 978-0-313-31871-9. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- Hodder and Stoughton, 1964.
- ^ "Moscow Peace Congress: Criticism Allowed", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1982, p. 42.
- ^ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, June 1963, p. 39
- ^ Donald Keys and Homer A. Jack, "Oxford Conference of Non-aligned Peace Organizations" Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 30 January 1963.
- ^ a b c Bacher, John, "The Independent Peace Movements in Eastern Europe" Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Peace Magazine, December 1985.
- ^ Egy eljárás genezise: a Dialógus Pécsett Archived 2 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in Hungarian)
- ^ Matthew Evangelista, Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1999. p. 163
- ^ a b Prince, Rob, The Last of the WPC Mohicans Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The View from the Left Bank, 1 August 2011.
- ^ Prince, R., "Following the Money Trail at the World Peace Council" Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Peace Magazine, November–December 1992.
- ^ a b Clews, John, Communist Propaganda Techniques, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964
- ^ Barlow, J. G., Moscow and the Peace Offensive Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 1982.
- ^ WPC, Peace Courier, 1989, No. 4.
- ^ Origins of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1949–50 Archived 13 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Central Intelligence Agency.
- ISBN 978-0883730287.
- ^ Roger E. Kanet (ed.), The Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and the Third World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
- ^ "Information letter about the World Peace Council". World Peace Council. 7 January 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
- ^ Vietnam Times reporting by Thanh Luan - Nhung Nguyen Lu Archived 15 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine Accessed on 15th December 2022
- ^ "World Peace Council 22nd Assembly Report". Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Iran Press News Agency". Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ a b "WPC Rules" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "Members and Friends". Archived from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ^ Peace at Home and All Over the World Archived 23 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Moscow: International Federation for Peace and Conciliation, p. 345.
Further reading
- World Peace Council Collected Records, 1949 – 1996 in the Swarthmore College Peace Collection.
- Prince, Rob (May–June 1992). "The ghost ship of Lonnrotinkatu". Peace Magazine. Vol. 8, no. 3. p. 16.
- Prince, Rob (November–December 1992). "Following the money trail at the World Peace Council". Peace Magazine. Vol. 8, no. 6. p. 20.
- Honecker, Erich (1979). Welcoming Address (Speech). World Peace Council meeting. East Berlin. At the Internet Archive.
- Ballantyne, John (Autumn 2005). "Australia's Dr Jim Cairns and the Soviet KGB". National Observer. No. 64. Melbourne: Council for the National Interest. pp. 52–63.
- Committee on Un-American Activities, US House of Representatives (19 April 1949). Review of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace Arranged by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions and Held in New York City on March 25, 26 and 27, 1949 (PDF). Washington, DC.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) at The Danish Peace Academy.