548th Strategic Missile Squadron

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548th Strategic Missile Squadron
Distinguished Unit Citation
Insignia
548th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem[a][1]
548th Bombardment Squadron emblem[2]
World War II fuselage code[2][b]GX

The 548th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive

Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas, where it was inactivated on 25 March 1965. At Forbes, the 548th was equipped with the SM-65E Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile
, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.

The

V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated. The squadron was activated in the reserve
from 1947 to 1949, but does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped.

History

World War II

Initial activation and training

The

Kearney Army Air Field, Nebraska in May 1943 and ferried its Flying Fortresses to England via the northern ferry route. The ground echelon left for the port of embarkation and sailed on the RMS Queen Mary on 23 June 1943.[3]

Combat in Europe

385th Bombardment Group B-17G Flying Fortress[c]

The squadron assembled at its combat station,

4th Combat Bombardment Wing through heavy opposition to attack an airplane repair facility at Zwickau. An estimated 200 enemy fighters attacked the bomber stream, heavily disordering its formation. The bombers were able to reform and achieved a high degree of accuracy with their bombs. For this attack, the 548th received a second DUC.[4][5][6]

Strategic industrial targets for the squadron in Germany included the

Chartres Airfield, France.[4]

The squadron was occasionally diverted from the strategic bombing mission to perform

Saint Lo. In late December 1944 and early January 1945, it carried out attacks on German fortifications and transportation to support forces engaged in the Battle of the Bulge. As the Allies made their final thrust through France into Germany, it attacked troop concentrations and communications targets.[4]

The squadron flew its last mission on 20 April 1945.

Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota on 28 August 1945.[1][4][3]

Air Force reserve

On 15 September 1947, the squadron was activated under

439th Troop Carrier Wing.[10]

Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron

The squadron was organized at

Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas in July 1960 as the 548th Strategic Missile Squadron, a Strategic Air Command (SAC) SM-65E Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile launch squadron.[1] Nearly 6 months later, on 24 January 1961, the first Atlas missile arrived at Forbes. By October, all nine sites had their Atlas E missiles. On 16 October 1961, Air Force Ballistic Missile Activation Chief, Maj. Gen. Gerrity turned over operational control of the sites to SAC.[citation needed
]

SM-65 Atlas-E missile sites

The squadron operated nine missile sites:

548–1, 2.5 mi N of Rock Creek, KS 39°16′47″N 095°31′50″W / 39.27972°N 95.53056°W / 39.27972; -95.53056
548–2, 1.9 mi SW of Worden, KS 38°46′03″N 095°22′05″W / 38.76750°N 95.36806°W / 38.76750; -95.36806
548–3, 4.8 mi WNW of Waverly, KS 38°25′50″N 095°40′42″W / 38.43056°N 95.67833°W / 38.43056; -95.67833
548–4, 4.8 mi SSW of Burlingame, KS 38°41′41″N 095°52′48″W / 38.69472°N 95.88000°W / 38.69472; -95.88000
548–5, 3.9 mi NW of Bushong, KS 38°41′11″N 096°18′08″W / 38.68639°N 96.30222°W / 38.68639; -96.30222
548–6, 6.1 mi W of Dover, KS 38°58′36″N 096°02′56″W / 38.97667°N 96.04889°W / 38.97667; -96.04889
548–7, 1.8 mi NW of Wamego, KS 39°13′22″N 096°19′32″W / 39.22278°N 96.32556°W / 39.22278; -96.32556
548–8, 2.5 mi E of Delia, KS 39°14′42″N 095°55′10″W / 39.24500°N 95.91944°W / 39.24500; -95.91944
548–9, 4.2 mi N of Holton, KS 39°31′33″N 095°44′25″W / 39.52583°N 95.74028°W / 39.52583; -95.74028

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, on 20 October 1962, SAC directed that the squadron's Atlas E missiles that were not on alert for modifications be placed on alert status "as covertly as possible." Training was suspended and missiles being used for operational training were to be placed on alert as soon as liquid oxygen became available.[f] From 3 November the number of alert missiles was reduced until on 29 November the number was the same as before the crisis. As tensions eased, on 15 November normal training resumed.[11]

In August 1964, the squadron's parent

Titan I missiles were being removed from the inventory. The first squadron missiles were taken off alert on 4 January 1965.[13] Removal of missiles from alert and shipment to Norton Air Force Base, California at a rate of two per week began in January 1965 and was complete by 12 February 1965. The squadron was inactivated on 25 March 1965 and its missile sites turned over to the base civil engineer for management until transferred to the General Services Administration for disposal.[14][15]

Lineage

  • Constituted as the 548th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 25 November 1942
Activated on 1 December 1942
Redesignated 548th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
Inactivated on 28 August 1945
  • Redesignated 548th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 25 August 1947
Activated in the reserve on 15 September 1947
Inactivated on 27 June 1949
  • Redesignated 548th Strategic Missile Squadron (ICBM-Atlas) and activated on 22 January 1960 (not organized)
Organized on 1 July 1960[16]
Inactivated on 25 March 1965[14]

Assignments

  • 385th Bombardment Group, 1 December 1942 – 28 August 1945
  • Second Air Force, 15 September 1947
  • Tenth Air Force, 1 July 1948
  • First Air Force, 15 August 1948
  • Tenth Air Force, 1 December 1948 – 27 June 1949
  • Strategic Air Command, 22 January 1960 (not organized)
  • 21st Air Division (later 21st Strategic Aerospace Division), 1 July 1960[16]
  • 40th Strategic Aerospace Wing 1 January 1964 (attached to 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing after 1 August 1964)[17]
  • 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 1 September 1964 – 25 March 1965[12]

Stations

Aircraft and missiles

  • Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942–1945
  • SM-65E (later CGM-16E) Atlas, 1960–1965[16][20]
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation
 17 August 1943 Germany, 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Distinguished Unit Citation 12 May 1944 Zwickau, Germany 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe 29 June 1943 – 5 June 1944 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Air Combat, EAME Theater 29 June 1943 – 11 May 1945 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Normandy 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Central Europe 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 548th Bombardment Squadron[1]

See also

References

Notes

Explanatory notes
  1. decrescent
    moon and in dexter an Air Force golden yellow sun.
  2. ^ The code letters were apparently not widely used by the squadron until 1945. Watkins, pp. 70-71; Freeman, p. 288.
  3. ^ Aircraft is Douglas Aircraft built Boeing B-17G-50-DL, serial 44-6483, Ruby's Raiders. Baugher, Joe (3 April 2023). "1944 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  4. ^ Half the fighter escorts missed the scheduled rendezvous, the other half returned to England at the limit of their fuel supplies before the heaviest interceptor attacks began. Freeman, p. 68.
  5. ^ One of the food missions counted as a combat mission when the unit was fired on. Freeman, p. 2 54.
  6. ^ For safety reasons, training missiles used liquid nitrogen, rather than liquid oxygen in their propellant tanks. Kipp, et al., pp. 62-63
  7. ^ Headquarters USAF had approved the phaseout of Atlas and Titan I missiles in May 1963. SAC Missile Chronology, p. 40. Atlas D missiles had already been removed from service.
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 651-652
  2. ^ a b Watkins, pp. 70-71
  3. ^ a b c d e Freeman, p. 254
  4. ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 272-273
  5. ^ Freeman, p. 68
  6. ^ Freeman, p. 142
  7. ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  8. ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 651-652 (no aircraft listed as assigned during this period).
  9. ^ Knaack, p. 25
  10. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 236-237
  11. ^ Kipp, et al., pp. 62-63, 66, 70-71
  12. ^ a b Ravenstein, p. 89
  13. ^ SAC Missile Chronology, p. 46
  14. ^ a b c See Ravenstein, p. 89 (end of assignment to 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing)
  15. ^ "History of Atlas and Titan I Phaseout, Chapter III: Atlas E, F, and Titan I Phaseout" (PDF). 1 June 1965. pp. 16–17, 24–25. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d Lineage, including assignments, aircraft and missiles, through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 651-652.
  17. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 68, 89
  18. ^ Station number in Anderson.
  19. ^ Station information through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 651-652, except as noted.
  20. ^ See Ravenstein, pp. 68, 89 (missiles operated by 40th and 55th Wings).

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

External links
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