568th Strategic Missile Squadron
| 568th Strategic Missile Squadron | |
|---|---|
Distinguished Unit Citation | |
| Insignia | |
| 568th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem[note 1][1] |  |
| 568th Bombardment Squadron emblem[2] |  |
| World War II fuselage identification code[2] | BI |
The 568th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive
SM-68 Titan I intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence. The squadron
was inactivated as part of the phaseout of the Titan I ICBM on 25 March 1965.
The squadron was first activated during
V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated in August 1945. The squadron was active in the reserve
from 1947 until 1949, but does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped at this time.
History
World War II
Activation and training in the United States
The
Great Falls Army Air Base, Montana until early July 1943. The squadron's air echelon ferried their B-17s to England via the north Atlantic ferry route, with the first bombers arriving on 13 July. The ground echelon departed for Camp Shanks and the New York Port of Embarkation, sailing on the USAT James Parker on 17 July, reaching England ten days later.[1][4][5]
Combat in the European Theater
The squadron arrived at its combat station,
Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).[4] The Regensburg mission was a "shuttle" mission, and the squadron continued after striking the target to recover at Twelfth Air Force bases in North Africa. Poor weather at the departure bases extended the time required to assemble the strike force, making fuel reserves critical. Half of the fighter cover missed the rendezvous, lessening the bombers' protection. For an hour and a half after its entry into German airspace, the strike force bore attacks from German interceptors. The 390th Group suffered the heaviest losses of the leading wing, but had the best bombing results, which destroyed equipment used for the assembly of the Me 262 jet fighter, delaying its introduction into service.[6]
On 14 October 1943, the squadron carried out an attack on the
Frankfurt am Main, factories at Mannheim, synthetic oil plants at Merseburg, oil refineries at Zeitz.[4]
The squadron was occasionally diverted from the
Saint Lo in late July 1944. During the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 through January 1945, it cut German supply lines to the battle area. It attacked Axis air bases to support Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine, in March 1945. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 20 April 1945.[4]
Return to the United States and inactivation
Just prior to and after
Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota later that month and was inactivated there on 28 August 1945.[1][4][5]
Reserve operations
The squadron was activated in the
Air Defense Command (ADC)'s 138th AAF Base Unit (Reserve Training) (later the 2468th Air Force Reserve Training Center).[8] It is not clear to what degree the squadron was staffed or equipped while a reserve unit.[9] In 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.[10] President Truman’s reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force,[11] The 568th was inactivated in June 1949 as reserve flying operations at Lowry came to an end.[1][12]
Intercontinental ballistic missiles
The squadron was redesignated the 568th Strategic Missile Squadron, organized at
SM-68 Titan I intercontinental ballistic missiles.[1] When the squadron was declared operational on 28 December 1962, the deployment of the Titan I was complete.[13]
The squadron was deployed in a 3x3 configuration, which meant a total of nine missiles were divided into three sites. Each site had three ICBMs ready to launch at any given time. Its three missile sites were:
- 568-A, 8 miles N of Schrag, Washington 47°11′16″N 118°49′22″W / 47.18778°N 118.82278°W
- 568-B, 4 miles SSW of Warden, Washington 46°55′00″N 119°03′17″W / 46.91667°N 119.05472°W
- 568-C, 6 miles SE of Frenchman Hills, Washington 46°54′26″N 119°45′19″W / 46.90722°N 119.75528°W
In May 1963, Headquarters USAF decided that Titan I missiles were to be phased out between 1965 and 1968. One year later,
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara directed the acceleration of this program to remove these missiles prior to the end of Fiscal Year 1965 and in November 1964, announced this publicly. The squadron's first Titan Is were taken off alert on 4 January 1965 and the squadron was inactivated on 25 March 1965.[14]
Lineage
- Constituted as the 568th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 15 January 1943
- Activated on 26 January 1943
- Redesignated 568th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy c. 20 August 1943
- Inactivated on 28 August 1945
- Redesignated 568th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 28 January 1947
- Activated in the reserve on 27 February 1947
- Inactivated on 27 June 1949
- Redesignated 568th Strategic Missile Squadron and activated on 24 October 1960 (not organized)
Assignments
- 390th Bombardment Group, 26 January 1943 – 28 August 1945
- Second Air Force, 27 February 1947
- Tenth Air Force, 1 July 1948 – 27 June 1949
- Strategic Air Command, 24 October 1960 (not organized)
- 4170th Strategic Wing, 1 April 1961
- 462d Strategic Aerospace Wing, 1 February 1963 – 25 March 1965[15][17]
Stations
- Geiger Field, Washington, 26 January 1943
- Great Falls Army Air Base, Montana, 6 June-5 July 1943
- RAF Framlingham (AAF-153),[18] England, 26 July 1943 – 6 August 1945
- Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, 14–28 August 1945
- Lowry Field (later Lowry Air Force Base), Colorado, 27 February 1947 – 27 June 1949
- Larson Air Force Base, Washington, 1 April 1961 – 25 March 1965[19][16]
Aircraft and missiles
Awards and campaigns
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Distinguished Unit Citation |
17 August 1943 | Germany 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Distinguished Unit Citation | 14 October 1943 | Germany 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Air Offensive, Europe | 26 July 1943 – 5 June 1944 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Air Combat, EAME Theater | 26 July 1943 – 11 May 1945 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
|
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 568th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
See also
- List of United States Air Force missile squadrons
- B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces
References
Notes
- Explanatory notes
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 665-666
- ^ a b Watkins, pp. 80-81
- ^ Freeman, p.53
- ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Groups, pp. 277-278
- ^ a b Freeman, pp. 255-256
- ^ Freeman, pp. 67-68
- ^ Freeman, p. 78
- ^ "Abstract, History 2468 Air Force Reserve Training Center, Jul-Nov 1948". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 665-666 (no aircraft listed as assigned to the squadron from 1947 to 1949).
- ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ Knaack, p. 25
- ^ Mueller, pp. 335-337 (list of units stationed at Lowry by year).
- ^ SAC Missile Chronology, p. 37
- ^ SAC Missile Chronology, pp. 40, 44, 46-47
- ^ a b c Lineage, including assignments and aircraft, through March 1953 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 665-666
- ^ a b c SAC Missile Chronology, p. 47
- ^ Ravenstein, p. 256
- ^ Station number in Anderson, p. 22.
- ^ Station information through March 1953 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 665-666, except as noted.
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-87938-638-2.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (PDF). Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945-1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. OCLC 72556.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-1987-7.
- SAC Missile Chronology 1939-1988 (PDF). Offutt AFB, NE: Office of the Historian, Strategic Air Command. 1990. ISBN 978-1521159439. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
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