550th Strategic Missile Squadron
550th Strategic Missile Squadron | |
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Distinguished Unit Citation | |
Insignia | |
550th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem[a][1] | |
Late 550th Bombardment Squadron emblem[2] | ![]() |
Early 550th Bombardment Squadron emblem | ![]() |
World War II fuselage code[3][b] | SG |
The 550th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive
The squadron was first activated during
History
World War II
Initial activation and training
The
Combat in Europe
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/385bg-b17.jpg/220px-385bg-b17.jpg)
The squadron assembled at its combat station,
Strategic industrial targets for the squadron in Germany included the
The squadron was occasionally diverted from the strategic bombing mission to perform
The squadron flew its last mission on 20 April 1945.
Air Force reserve
On 15 September 1947, the squadron was activated under
Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron
The squadron was redesignated the 550th Strategic Missile Squadron and organized at
The Atlas F was the final and most advanced version of the Atlas and was stored in a vertical position inside underground concrete and steel silos. When stored, the Atlas F sat atop an elevator. If a missile was placed on alert, it was fueled with RP-1 (kerosene) liquid fuel, which could be stored inside the missile for extended periods. If a decision was made to launch the missile, the missile was raised to the surface and the liquid oxygen tank was filled. The launch would occur shortly after completion of this process. The exposure on the surface that this procedure entailed was the great weakness of the Atlas F. It was exposed and vulnerable during this time. The Titan II and Minuteman missiles could be launched from within their silos, thereby eliminating this vulnerability. Also, since the Titan did not use a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer, and the Minuteman was a solid fuel rocket, they could be stored fully fueled and ready to launch within a very few minutes.[citation needed]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/550th_Strategic_Missile_Squadron_-_SM-65F_Atlas_Missile.png/300px-550th_Strategic_Missile_Squadron_-_SM-65F_Atlas_Missile.png)
The squadron operated twelve missile sites of one missile at each site (12 total):
- 550–1 : 2.8 mi S of Wells, Kansas : 39°05′56″N 097°32′36″W / 39.09889°N 97.54333°W
- 550–2 : 3.2 mi W of Abilene, Kansas : 38°56′55″N 097°15′22″W / 38.94861°N 97.25611°W
- 550–3 : 2.5 mi WNW of Chapman, Kansas : 38°59′03″N 097°03′57″W / 38.98417°N 97.06583°W
- 550–4 : 5.1 mi W of Elmo, Kansas : 38°40′24″N 097°19′21″W / 38.67333°N 97.32250°W
- 550–5 : 7.0 mi SSE of Lindsborg, Kansas : 38°28′34″N 097°38′24″W / 38.47611°N 97.64000°W
- 550–6 : 1.8 mi ENE of Mitchell, Kansas : 38°23′29″N 098°04′04″W / 38.39139°N 98.06778°W
- 550–7 : 1.5 mi NW of Carneiro, Kansas : 38°45′07″N 098°03′06″W / 38.75194°N 98.05167°W
- 550–8 : 2.3 mi ENE of Wilson, Kansas : 38°50′04″N 098°26′05″W / 38.83444°N 98.43472°W
- 550–9 : 4.4 mi NNW of Beverly, Kansas : 39°04′04″N 098°00′56″W / 39.06778°N 98.01556°W
- 550–10 : 1.5 mi ENE of Tescott, Kansas : 39°01′10″N 097°51′02″W / 39.01944°N 97.85056°W
- 550–11 : 8.7 mi WSW of Aurora, Kansas : 39°24′42″N 097°40′49″W / 39.41167°N 97.68028°W
- 550–12 : 3.7 mi NE of Minneapolis, Kansas : 39°09′52″N 097°39′51″W / 39.16444°N 97.66417°W
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, on 20 October 1962, SAC directed that the squadron's missiles that were not on alert for modifications be placed on alert status "as covertly as possible." Training was suspended and missiles being used for operational training were to be placed on alert as soon as liquid oxygen became available.[f] From 3 November the number of alert missiles was reduced until on 29 November the number was the same as before the crisis. As tensions eased, on 15 November normal training resumed.[13]
On 1 December 1964, the first Atlas F missile at Schilling was removed from alert status.[citation needed] The squadron became nonoperational on 11 March 1965[14] and was inactivated on 25 June 1965.[15]
Lineage
- Constituted as the 550th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 25 November 1942
- Activated on 1 December 1942
- Redesignated 550th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
- Inactivated on 28 August 1945
- Redesignated 550th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 25 August 1947
- Activated in the reserve on 15 September 1947
- Inactivated on 27 June 1949
- Redesignated 550th Strategic Missile Squadron (ICBM-Atlas) and activated on 22 July 1960 (not organized)
Assignments
- 385th Bombardment Group, 1 December 1942 – 28 August 1945
- Second Air Force, 15 September 1947
- Tenth Air Force, 1 July 1948
- First Air Force, 15 August 1948
- Tenth Air Force, 1 December 1948 – 27 June 1949
- Strategic Air Command, 22 July 1960 (not organized)
- 310th Bombardment Wing (later 310th Strategic Aerospace Wing), 1 April 1961 – 25 June 1965[16][14]
Stations
|
|
Aircraft and missiles
Awards and campaigns
Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Distinguished Unit Citation |
17 August 1943 | Germany, 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] | |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 12 May 1944 | Zwickau, Germany 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Air Offensive, Europe | 29 June 1943 – 5 June 1944 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
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Air Combat, EAME Theater | 29 June 1943 – 11 May 1945 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
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Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
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Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
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Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
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Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
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Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 550th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
See also
- List of United States Air Force missile squadrons
- B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces
References
Notes
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Approved 12 September 1962. Description: On an irregular octagon Air Force golden yellow, an Air Force blue isosceles triangle, one point up, spattered with twelve white stars and charged with a white cloud formation, details Air Force blue; issuing from the cloud and flying respectively to the three corners of the triangle, three white missiles, exhaust red and white; all surmounted by three electrons in orbit, red and white; on an Air Force golden yellow area, a green olive branch in dexter and a red lightning bolt in sinister.
- ^ The code letters were apparently not widely used by the squadron until 1945. Watkins, pp. 70-71; Freeman, p. 288.
- ^ Aircraft in the foreground is Boeing B-17G-40-BO Flying Fortress, serial 42-97079 Dozy Doats GX-B. It was shot down on a mission to Spandau, Germany on 6 October 1944. Missing Air Crew Report 9521.
- ^ Half the fighter escorts missed the scheduled rendezvous, the other half returned to England at the limit of their fuel supplies before the heaviest interceptor attacks began. Freeman, p. 68.
- ^ One of the food missions counted as a combat mission when the unit was fired on. Freeman, p. 254.
- ^ For safety reasons, training missiles used liquid nitrogen, rather than liquid oxygen in their propellant tanks. Kipp, et al., pp. 62-63
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 654
- ^ Watkins, pp. 70-71
- ^ Freeman, p. 288
- ^ a b c d e Freeman, p. 254
- ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 272-273
- ^ Freeman, p. 68
- ^ Freeman, p. 142
- ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 651-652 (no aircraft listed as assigned during this period).
- ^ Knaack, p. 25
- ^ Ravenstein, pp. 236-237
- ^ SAC Missile Chronology, p. 30
- ^ Kipp, et al., pp. 62-63, 66, 70-71
- ^ a b Ravenstein, pp. 158-159
- ^ a b c d SAC Missile Chronology, p. 48
- ^ a b c Lineage, including assignments, aircraft and missiles, through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 654.
- ^ Station number in Anderson.
- ^ Station information through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 654, except as noted.
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-87938-638-2.
- Kipp, Robert; Peake, Lynn; Wolk, Herman. "Strategic Air Command Operations in the Cuban Crisis of 1962, SAC Historical Study No. 90 (Top Secret NOFORN, FRD, redacted and declassified)". Strategic Air Command. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (PDF). Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945-1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. OCLC 72556.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-1987-7.
- SAC Missile Chronology 1939-1988 (PDF). Offutt AFB, NE: Office of the Historian, Strategic Air Command. 1990. ISBN 978-1521159439. Retrieved 29 January 2018.