Alain Juppé
Alain Juppé Delegate Minister of the Budget | |
---|---|
In office 20 March 1986 – 10 May 1988 | |
Prime Minister | Jacques Chirac |
Preceded by | Henri Emmanuelli |
Succeeded by | Pierre Bérégovoy |
Personal details | |
Born | Alain Marie Juppé 15 August 1945 Mont-de-Marsan, Aquitaine, France |
Political party | RPR (before 2002) UMP (2002–15) The Republicans (2015–18) |
Spouses | Christine Leblond
(m. 1965; div. 1993)Isabelle Legrand-Bodin
(m. 1993) |
Children | 3 |
Alma mater | École normale supérieure Sciences Po École nationale d'administration |
Alain Marie Juppé OQ (French pronunciation: [alɛ̃ maʁi ʒype]; born 15 August 1945) is a French politician. A member of The Republicans, he was Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac, during which period he faced major strikes that paralysed the country and became very unpopular. He left office after the victory of the left in the snap 1997 legislative elections. He had previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1995, and as Minister of the Budget and Spokesman for the Government from 1986 to 1988. He was president of the political party Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) from 2002 to 2004 and mayor of Bordeaux from 1995 to 2004.
After the
Juppé announced in 2015 his intention to contest his party's primary election ahead of the
Early life
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. (November 2016) |
Juppé was born Alain Marie Juppé on 15 August 1945, in Mont-de-Marsan, Aquitaine. His father was Robert Juppé (1915-1998), a Gaullist resistance fighter at the end of World War II, who came from a family of railwaymen and later became a farmer, and his mother was Marie Darroze (1910-2004), the devoted Catholic daughter of a judge.
His secondary studies have taken place at the
Political career
Early political career (1976–1986)
Alain Juppé's profession, outside politics, is Inspector of Finances, a position from which he was on leave to hold his various elected and appointed offices. He retired from the Inspection of Finances on 1 January 2003.[1]
As a senior civil servant, he met Jacques Chirac at the end of the 1970s and became his adviser in the city council of Paris. In 1981, he was selected to be one of the first Young Leaders of the French-American Foundation.[2]
A member of the
With
Cabinet member (1986–1995)
He was minister of budget and spokesperson of Jacques Chirac's government from 1986 to 1988. He contributed to the free-market policy of
Then, he was secretary general of the
In 1993, he was made
Prime Minister of France (1995–1997)
Because he supported Jacques Chirac against Edouard Balladur during the 1995 presidential campaign, he succeeded him as Prime Minister, also becoming president of the RPR. Jacques Chirac claimed Alain Juppé was "the best among us".
However, in November/December 1995, his plan for Welfare State reform caused the biggest social conflict since May 68 and, under duress, abandoned it. He became the most unpopular Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic (challenged only by Édith Cresson). In spring 1997, President Chirac dissolved the National Assembly but lost the legislative election. Alain Juppé was succeeded by the Socialist Lionel Jospin. Furthermore, Juppé left the leadership of the RPR.
He campaigned for the unification of all the parties of the centre right behind Jacques Chirac. In this, he was considered the architect of the Union for the Presidential Majority which became the Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire or UMP), and was its first president from 2002 to 2004.
As a member of the National Assembly (as representative of Paris from 1986 to 1997, then representative of Gironde), he was elected Mayor of Bordeaux in 1995, succeeding former Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas.
Criminal conviction (1999–2006)
In 2004, Alain Juppé was tried for the felony of abuse of public funds, when he was head of the RPR and the RPR illegally used personnel provided by the City of Paris for running its operations. He was convicted and sentenced to an 18-month suspended jail sentence, the deprivation of civic rights for five years, and the deprivation of the right to run for political office for 10 years. He appealed the decision, whereupon his disqualification from holding elected office was reduced to one year and the suspended sentence cut to 14 months. He announced he would not appeal the ruling before the Court of Cassation. (See Corruption scandals in the Paris region.)
As a consequence, Alain Juppé resigned his mayoralty of Bordeaux and his position of head of the Bordeaux urban community.
The court commented:
It is regrettable that at the time when the legislative body became aware of the need to end criminal practices which existed for the financing of political parties, Mr Juppé did not apply to his own party the very rules that he had voted for in
Parliament.
It is equally regrettable that Mr Juppé, whose intellectual qualities are unanimously recognized, did not judge appropriate to assume before Justice his entire criminal responsibility and kept on denying established facts.
However, Mr Juppé has given himself for many years to the service of the State, while he did obtain no personal enrichment from these crimes he committed for the benefit of his political party, for which he should not be a scapegoat.[4]
Some commentators, such as
Some law professors argued that the Versailles court could not legally exempt Juppé from a disposition of the Electoral Code article L7,
Juppé considered giving classes on public administration at a variety of prominent United States and
Return to public life (2006–2010)
Juppé was reelected as Mayor of Bordeaux in October 2006, suggesting that voters had forgiven him for the conviction.
In May 2007, he was appointed Minister of State, Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development in the Government of François Fillon, being in fact the number two of the Government in protocolar order. This is the third time in the history of Fifth Republic (after Michel Debré and Laurent Fabius) that a former Prime Minister returned as a Minister in another government (although some Presidents of the Council of the Fourth Republic were Ministers of the Fifth Republic).
Juppé ran unsuccessfully in the
On 9 March 2008, Juppé was reelected as Mayor of Bordeaux, winning 56% of the popular vote in the first round.[14]
Back in government (2010–2012)
In 2010, after the disappointed result of the regional elections of the ruling UMP, Nicolas Sarkozy called Alain Juppé to come back in government. Juppé refused the Justice Ministry and Interior Ministry. He accepted to be Minister of Defense.
In 2011, after the resignation of
Endorsing Nicolas Sarkozy for the 2012 presidential election, he deplored the role of biased media in the campaign and dismissed François Hollande's economic program as "dangerous". Considering the weak score of Sarkozy in his Gironde's 2nd constituency, he renounced to be candidate at the June 2012 legislative elections. His successor, Nicolas Florian, was beaten by Socialist candidate Michèle Delaunay.
Presidential ambition (2012–2016)
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "Alain Juppé" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2016) |
After the 2012 defeat, Juppé stayed far from the troubled period of his party. In March 2014, he was triumphantly re-elected as mayor of Bordeaux. Two months later, following the resignation of Jean-François Copé from the head of the UMP, it was announced that former Prime Ministers Alain Juppé, François Fillon and Jean-Pierre Raffarin would rule the party until a new leadership election in October. They resigned after the designation of Nicolas Sarkozy.
Juppé announced his intention to contest the 2016 Republicans (formerly UMP) internal election which decided who would be the candidate of the right-wing for the 2017 presidential election. One of the most popular politicians in France, he was described by The Daily Telegraph as "a consensual conservative seen as less divisive than Nicolas Sarkozy".[15][16] His main rival was thought to be Nicolas Sarkozy who chose to run on a hard line to thwart Juppé's centrist line. Indeed, Juppé advocated a "happy identity" in response to the French philosopher Alain Finkielkraut whose last book was entitled The unhappy identity. He was endorsed by former President Jacques Chirac and his daughter Claude, by MoDem leader François Bayrou and by centrist parties such as the Radical Party or the UDI. Surveys showed that he would benefit from the support of left-wing voters.
His record as mayor of Bordeaux was often seen as one of his strengths in the primary. However, his judicial conviction and his record as prime minister of France attracted criticism, as well as his positions on immigration and Islam, mainly in the right wing of his party. Some detractors have dubbed him "Ali Juppé".
Juppé came in second place in the first
Constitutional Council (2019)
On 13 February 2019, it was announced that Juppé would take over Lionel Jospin's seat on the Conseil Constitutionnel in March 2019, which entailed his resignation as mayor of Bordeaux and president of its metropolitan area.[18][19] At the press conference organized the following day, the former prime minister lamented an "unhealthy public spirit" and the physical and verbal violence of the political environment.[20]
Political positions
Social issues
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "Alain Juppé" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2016) |
In March 2009, he criticized Pope
European Union
Juppé's position on Europe has changed through years. In 1977, as a national delegate of the neo-Gaullist RPR, he advocated a "Europe of the peoples" against a "Europe of technocrats", opposing the confederal model to the federal model.
But fifteen years later, he convinced
During the
Immigration and Islam
In 1977, he proposed granting preferential status for jobs to French citizens. In 1990, he judged that immigration was "a permanent and huge" problem. The same year, the general meeting of the RPR led to strict propositions : borders closing, suspension of immigration, and declarations of the incompatibility between Islam and French laws. [citation needed]
His position changed in the late 1990s. He supported a
On 16 December 2010, he said in an interview with Le Monde that he does not support the French ban on face covering to not "stigmatize Islam". Hosted on France 2 by journalist David Pujadas on 2 October 2014, he denied having said that. In a 2011 Le Parisien interview, talking about the Arab Spring, he declared: "Do not stigmatize all those who call themselves islamists, there are people attached to Islam and ready to accept the basic laws of democracy".
In October 2016 during a speech he urged overhaul of
.List of offices
Governmental functions
Prime Minister: 1995–1997.
Minister of Budget and government spokesman: 1986–1988.
Minister of Foreign Affairs: 1993–1995.
Minister of Ecology, Development and Sustainable Planning: May–June 2007.
Minister of State, Minister of Defense and Veterans Affairs: 2010–2011.
Minister of State, minister of Foreign and European Affairs: 2011–2012.
Electoral mandates
European Parliament
Member of European Parliament: 1984–1986 (Became minister in 1986) / June–October 1989 (Resignation).
National Assembly of France
Member of the
Member of the
Regional Council
Regional councillor of
Municipal Council
Mayor of Bordeaux: 1995–2004 (Resignation, involved in judicial affairs in 2004) / Since 2006. Reelected in 2001, 2006, 2008, 2014.
Deputy-mayor of Paris XVIIIe: 1983–1995. Reelected in 1989.
Councillor of Paris: 1983–1995. Reelected in 1989.
Urban community Council
President of the
Vice-president of the
Member of the
Political functions
President of the Rally for the Republic: 1994–1997.
President of the Union for a Popular Movement: 2002–2004 (Involved in judicial affairs in 2004).
Composition of Juppé ministries
Juppé's first cabinet, 17 May – 7 November 1995
- Alain Juppé – Prime Minister
- Hervé de Charette – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Millon – Minister of Defense
- Jean-Louis Debré – Minister of the Interior
- Alain Madelin – Minister of the Economy and Finance
- Jacques Toubon – Minister of Justice
- Yves Galland – Minister of Industry
- François Bayrou – Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Research
- Jacques Barrot – Minister of Labour, Social Dialogue and Participation
- Pierre Pasquini – Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Culture
- Philippe Vasseur – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
- Corinne Lepage – Minister of the Environment
- Jean-Jacques de Peretti – Minister of Overseas
- Bernard Pons – Minister of Transport, Regional Planning and Equipment
- Roger Romani – Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Elisabeth Hubert– Minister of Public Health and Sickness Insurance
- Pierre-André Périssol – Minister of Housing
- Françoise de Panafieu – Minister of Tourism
- François Fillon – Minister of Information Technologies and Post
- Jean Puech – Minister of Civil Service
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin – Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce and Craft Industry
- Claude Goasguen – Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralisation and Citizenship
- Colette Codaccioni – Minister of Solidarity between Generations
- Eric Raoult– Minister of Integration and Fight against Exclusion
- Jean Arthuis – Minister of Planning
Changes
- 25 August 1995 – Jean Arthuis succeeds Madelin as Minister of Economy and Finance, remaining also Minister of Planning.
Juppé's second cabinet, 7 November 1995 – 2 June 1997
- Alain Juppé – Prime Minister
- Hervé de Charette – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Millon – Minister of Defense
- Jean-Louis Debré – Minister of the Interior
- Jean Arthuis – Minister of the Economy and Finance
- Jacques Toubon – Minister of Justice
- Franck Borotra – Minister of Industry, Posts and Telecommunications
- François Bayrou – Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Research
- Jacques Barrot – Minister of Labour and Social Affairs
- Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Culture
- Philippe Vasseur – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
- Guy Drut – Minister of Youth and Sport
- Corinne Lepage – Minister of Environment
- Bernard Pons – Minister of Transport, Housing, Tourism and Equipment
- Roger Romani – Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Dominique Perben – Minister of Civil Service, Reform of the State and Decentralisation
- Jean-Claude Gaudin – Minister of City and Regional Planning
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin – Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce and Craft Industry
Books
- La Tentation de Venise, Grasset, 1993. ISBN 224646241X.
- Entre nous, NiL, 1996. ISBN 2841110729
- Montesquieu, Perrin-Grasset, 1999.
- Entre quatre z'yeux, with Serge July, Grasset, 2001. ISBN 9782246570219
- France, mon pays : lettres d'un voyageur, with Isabelle Juppé, Laffont, 2006. ISBN 9782221103654
- Je ne mangerai plus de cerises en hiver, Plon, 2009. ISBN 9782259203333
- La Politique, telle qu'elle meurt de ne pas être, with Michel Rocard, J.-C. Lattès, 2010. ISBN 9782709635776
- Mes chemins pour l’école, J.-C. Lattès, 2015. ISBN 978-2-7096-5046-5
- Pour un État fort, Paris, J.-C. Lattès, 2016.
- De vous à moi, 2016.
References
- ^ "Decision from the Minister of Economy, finances and industry of 13 November 2002, admitting Alain Juppé into retirement". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- ^ "Young Leaders". French-American Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ Le Rwanda menace de poursuivre Balladur, Juppé, Védrine et Villepin – L'EXPRESS Archived 10 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Lexpress.fr. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ Info et Actualité en direct – Toutes les actualités et infos – TF1 News. News.tf1.fr. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ Info et Actualité en direct – Toutes les actualités et infos – TF1 News Archived 14 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine. News.tf1.fr. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ (in French) Détail d'un code Archived 9 August 2004 at the Wayback Machine. Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ (in French) Détail d'un article de code Archived 17 September 2004 at the Wayback Machine. Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "article LO130". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- ^ "Huit électeurs déboutés concernant l'inéligibilité d'Alain Juppé". Archived from the original on 17 October 2005. Retrieved 18 November 2005.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Le Canard Enchaîné, 22 December 2004
- Le Canard Enchaîné, 16 February 2005
- ^ Reuters, Alain Juppé battu annonce sa démission du gouvernement, 17 June 2007
- Les Échos, 23 May 2005
- Les Echos, 10 March 2008
- ^ "Ex-PM Juppé announces bid for 2017". France24. 20 August 2014. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ Moutet, Anne-Elisabeth (5 December 2015). "Marion Maréchal-Le Pen: the new wonder-girl of France's far-right". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "Fillon shakes up France's unpredictable presidential race". Financial Times. London. 20 November 2016. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Jacquin; Cédric Pietralunga (14 February 2019). "Alain Juppé quitte la mairie de Bordeaux pour rejoindre le Conseil constitutionnel". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ Berdah, Arthur; Mourgue, Marion; Galiero, Emmanuel (13 February 2019). "Alain Juppé quitte Bordeaux pour le Conseil constitutionnel" (in French). Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ Claire Mayer (14 February 2019). "" Quitter cet hôtel de ville est pour moi un crève-cœur " : les adieux d'Alain Juppé à Bordeaux" (in French). Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ Pour Alain Juppé, le pape "vit dans une situation d'autisme total" Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. LeMonde.fr. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ Alain Juppé Awarded Mesrop Mashtots Medal Archived 16 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Hetq.am/eng. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ "Eurointelligence - Eurozone Blog". 3 October 2011. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012.
- ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (14 September 2016). "Alain Juppé, France's 'prophet of happiness', promises hope". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (21 October 2016). "Alain Juppé calls for the UK border to be moved from Calais to Kent". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Videos
- L'entrée de la Turquie dans l'Union européenne : la perception de l'opinion publique européenne Video conference of Alain Juppé about the Turkish question, given in Montreal in March 2006, Center of international research University of Montreal
- La France, trois mois avant les présidentielles Conference given in Montreal in January 2007, Centro de estudios internacionales de la Universidad de Montreal
External links
Media related to Alain Juppé at Wikimedia Commons