Arabian Peninsula People's Union

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Arabian Peninsula People's Union
اتحاد الشعب في الجزيرة العربية
Left-wing
Politics of Saudi Arabia

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The Arabian Peninsula People's Union (

Arabic: اتحاد الشعب في الجزيرة العربية) was a Nasserist[1] political party in Saudi Arabia.[2] The APPU was founded in 1959[3] by Nasser Al Saeed whilst in exile in Beirut. Saeed had been exiled due to his leadership of the ARAMCO strikes in 1956.[4] The APPU was regarded as one of the most important and most diverse opposition groups.[3]

History

Origins

The party had its origins in the Federation of the Sons of the Arabian Peninsula (FSAP); a Saudi opposition group formed in the late 1950s in

North Yemen, from where it conducted attacks on Saudi Arabia.[5]

Guerrilla Warfare campaign

Founded in 1959, the party was historically relatively small, and never posed much of a serious threat to the Saudi Government.

Ha'il.[3]

Several former members of the APPU went on to play key parts in the formation of the People's Democratic Party and the Arab Socialist Action Party.[1]

Grand Mosque Seizure and disappearance of Al Saeed

Party leader Nasser Al Saeed regained a degree of prominence following the

Alexei Vassiliev, amongst others. The Saudi authorities were alarmed by Al Saeed's claims, and on 17 December 1979 Saeed mysteriously disappeared in Beirut, never to reappear. Although his claims are now largely regarded as untrue, leftists were right in pointing out that the groups responsible for the seizure were largely composed of members of Saudi Arabia's marginalized communities.[11] Saudi Arabia denied any role in his disappearance.[12] Others, such as Kat Bird, claimed that Al Saeed was captured by Saudi Intelligence agents in December 1979 and then shipped to Riyadh in a crate, where he was imprisoned for many years.[4]

Demise

Later in the 1980s, the party was one of the several Leftist and Islamic opposition groups that the Saudi Government was able to neutralise through cooption and accommodation.[13] The party was also undermined by the defeat of Saddam Hussein in the Gulf War, the collapse of most Marxist governments, and Egyptian-Syrian cooperation with the US. These events undermined traditional left-wing Arab parties, which were instead eclipsed by Islamists.[6]

As such the party was dissolved sometime in the late 1980s or early 1990s.

Ideology

The party was largely regarded as Nasserist in outlook, although the APPU had possibly the most politically diverse membership of the Saudi opposition groups. The party was supported by Egypt.[3]

The party defined itself as a revolutionary Arab organisation based on the premise of scientific-socialism. The party was also dedicated to the overthrow of the Saudi monarchy, which it viewed as corrupt, and was committed to the political unification of the Arabian peninsula.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780585216249
    .
  2. ^ Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, and Daniel Dishon. Middle East Record, Vol. 4. Tel-Aviv: Reuven Shiloah Research Center; Israel Universities Press, 1968. p. 686
  3. ^ a b c d e Hourani, Albert Habib; Khoury, Philip Shukry; Wilson, Mary Christina (1993). The Modern Middle East: A Reader. University of California Press. p. 597.
  4. ^ a b c Bird, Kat (2010). Divided City: Coming of Age Between the Arabs and Israelis. Simon and Schuster. p. Footnote No. 4.
  5. ^ Wynbrandt, James (2010). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia. Infobase Publishing. p. 222.
  6. ^ a b Cordesman, Anthony H.; Burke, Arleigh A. (2001). "Islamic Extremism in Saudi Arabia and the Attack on Al Khobar" (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 16 October 2013. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Sreedhar. The Gulf, Scramble for Security. New Delhi: ABC Pub. House, 1982. p. 67
  8. ^ Armajani, Yahya, and Thomas M. Ricks. Middle East: Past and Present. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986. p. 324
  9. ^ "Ministry Bombed Again". Albuquerque Journal. 27 February 1967. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  10. ^ New Left Review, Eds. 80–86. New Left Review Limited, 1973. p. 21
  11. ^
    S2CID 163081762. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  12. ^ Quandt, William B. (1981). Saudi Arabia in the 1980s: Foreign Policy, Security, and Oil. Brookings Institution Press. p. 93.
  13. ISBN 9780815626350
    .
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