Jassem Alwan
Jassem Alwan | |
---|---|
جاسم علوان | |
Lieutenant Colonel | |
Jassem Alwan (
He participated in the
Early life and career
Alwan was born to a
Military career
Commander of Qatana Base
When Syria and Egypt merged to form the
Opposition to secession
Alwan opposed the secessionist government of President
The 1 April proposal was rejected outright by Alwan who proceeded to encourage his independent and Baathist allies in the officer corps to move ahead with the original coup plan.
Coup d'etat of 1963 and counter coup
A pan-Arabist coalition of officers led by the Baathists and joined by the Nasserists, including Alwan,[13] managed to successfully overthrow the government in Damascus on 8 March 1963, establishing the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC)—a body dominated by Baathists, but also including several Nasserists—to temporarily govern the country.[14] On 17 April a unity agreement between Egypt, Iraq and Syria was signed, stipulating a federal system with Nasser as president. Weeks later, dozens of Nasserist officers were purged by the Baathists, and the Nasserist members of the government consequently resigned.[15] At this time, Alwan, disappointed that the Military Committee was neither interested in a genuine power-sharing agreement nor having Nasser preside over Syria, initiated plans with the ANM and Egyptian intelligence officers to remove the Baathist government.[13]
Despite the purges and resignations, Nasserist officers still maintained a relatively strong position in the military, and on 18 July, Alwan, who had since returned from exile, led his third coup attempt.[16] His forces launched daytime assaults on the Army General Headquarters and the broadcast station in Damascus.[17][16] The Baathist Interior Minister Amin al-Hafiz personally defended the army headquarters and the ensuing battle resulted in hundreds of casualties, including several civilian bystanders.[17][13] Eventually pro-Baathist units and the party's National Guard quelled the rebellion.[17]
Alwan's operation ended in major bloodshed and at least 27 participating officers were arrested and executed.
The failure of Alwan's revolt marked the end of significant Nasserist influence in Syria's military and civilian institutions and with the pro-Nasser forces largely defeated, the Military Committee of the Ba'ath Party became the sole power center of the country.[16]
Exile in Egypt and return to Syria
Alwan was given asylum in Egypt by Nasser where he continued his activities against the Baathist government in Syria.
In 1982, Syrian dissidents formed an opposition coalition in
Iraqi funding for the dissident coalition's members in Egypt, like Alwan, ended as a result of Egyptian president
References
- ^ "Syrian politicians recall mass adoration of Nasser". gulfnews.com. 14 January 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
- ^ Petran, 1972, p. 157.
- ^ a b c Van Dam, 1996, p. 29.
- ^ a b c d e Moubayed, p. 37.
- ^ Simon, Mattar, Bulliet, 1996, p. 132.
- ^ Oron, 1961, p. 607.
- ^ Seale, 2004, p. 69.
- ^ Mufti, p. 137.
- ^ Mufti, pp. 137-138.
- ^ a b c Rabinovich, p. 34.
- ^ a b c Mufti, p. 138.
- ^ "Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies". 7–8. Pakistan American Foundation. 1985: 314.
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(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Moubayed, p. 38.
- ^ Mufti, pp. 147-148.
- ^ Mufti, p. 153.
- ^ a b c d Mufti, p. 157.
- ^ a b c d Seale, p. 83.
- ^ Rabinovich, p. 70.
- ^ Jassim Alwan Interview Part 2. Al Jazeera.
- ^ Chronology of Arab Politics. 1. Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1963. p. 263 and p. 393.
- ^ Chronology of Arab Politics Archived 2023-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. 2. Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1964. p. 377 and p. 412.
- ^ Mideast Mirror. 16. Arab News Agency. 1964. Page 78.
- ^ Mideast Mirror. (1965). p. 22.
- ^ "Chronology of Arab Politics". 3 (3–4). Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1965: 228–229.
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(help) - ^ Ismael, 1998, p. 197.
- ^ a b Rabinovich, 1987, p. 648.
- ^ Moubayed, Sami. Soft de-Baathification in Syria Archived 2009-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. Al-Ahram Weekly. Al-Ahram Organisation. 2005-05-18.
- ^ Syrian Revolution : Military operations stopped in Hama but the death machine is still on Archived 2013-03-25 at the Wayback Machine. Egyptian Chronicles. 2011-08-10.
Bibliography
- Ismael, Tareq Yousif (1998). The Communist Movement in Syria and Lebanon. University Press of Florida. ISBN 0813016312.
- ISBN 978-1885942418.
- Mufti, Malik (1996). Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801431689.
Alwan Syria 1962.
- Oron, Yitzhak (1961). Middle East Record. Vol. 2. The Moshe Dayan Center.
- Petran, Tabitha (1972). Syria.
Jasim Alwan.
- Rabinovich, Itamar (1972). Syria Under the Baʻth, 1963-66: The Army Party Symbiosis. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0706512669.
- Itamar Rabinovich, ed. (1987). Middle East Contemporary Survey. Vol. 4. The Moshe Dayan Center. ISBN 9780813374451.
- ISBN 978-0520069763.
- Simon, Reeva S.; Mattar, Phillip; Bulliet, Richard W. (1996). The encyclopedia of the modern Middle East. Vol. 1, A–C. Macmillan Publishing Company, Incorporated. ISBN 9780028970615.
- Van Dam, Nikolaos (1996). The struggle for power in Syria: politics and society under Asad and the Baʻth Party. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781860640247.
External links
- Interview with Jassem Alwan. Al Jazeera. 2003-09-12.