Ariarathes I of Cappadocia
Ariarathes | |
---|---|
![]() Coin of Ariarathes I, minted in Gaziura, dated 333–322 BC | |
Satrap of Northern Cappadocia | |
In office 340s BC – 331 BC | |
Preceded by | Ariamnes I |
Succeeded by | Himself (as King of Cappadocia) |
King of Cappadocia | |
In office 331 BC – 322 BC | |
Preceded by | Himself (as Satrap of Northern Cappadocia) |
Succeeded by | Vacant (title next held by Ariarathes II |
Personal details | |
Born | 405/4 BC |
Died | 322 BC |
Relatives | Ariamnes I (father) Orophernes/Holophernes (brother) |
Dynasty | Ariarathid |
Military service | |
Allegiance | ![]() Kingdom of Cappadocia (until 322 BC) |
Battles/wars | Battle of Gaugamela |
Ariarathes I (
Ariarathes was eventually captured and executed in 322 BC by the Macedonian Perdiccas. His territory was seized, whereafter it was contested between several of Alexander's successors and former generals. However, Ariarathes's dynastic successors regained control over Cappadocia in 301 BC and ruled over the kingdom until 96 BC when they were deposed by the Roman Republic.
Name
"Ariarathes" is the
Biography


Although details of Ariarathes I's life are scant,
During the reign of King
In 323 BC, following the death of Alexander, Cappadocia was granted to Eumenes,[20] but he was unable to dislodge Ariarathes and consolidate his hold, as Cappadocia had not been properly subjugated by Alexander. This situation was exacerbated by Eumenes' failure to obtain support from the other Macedonian satraps.[21] He then turned to Perdiccas, regent of the incumbent Macedonian ruler Philip III Arrhidaeus (r. 323–317 BC), who, needing to bring more loyal governors to his side, agreed to assist Eumenes in capturing Ariarathes's domain.[22] In the summer of 322 BC, Perdiccas, the royal court, and the battle-hardened royal Macedonian army entered Cappadocia.[23] Ariarathes, who was reputed to be quite wealthy, apparently managed to muster a force composed of locals and mercenaries to face Perdiccas,[24] but was defeated and captured. He and most of his family members were crucified that same year.[25]
Coinage

Ariarathes I minted campaign coinage at
Coins of Ariarathes minted at Sinope stylistically resemble Greek issues from the same city, but feature Ariarathes's name in Aramaic.[33] On the obverse of the Sinope issues, the head of the local nymph Sinope is depicted wearing a sphendone within a border of dots.[34] On the reverse, an eagle with wings aloft a dolphin is depicted, under which is inscribed Ariarathes's name.[35]
Successors
A few years after the death of Ariarathes I, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, a former general of Alexander, executed Eumenes and seized control of Cappadocia.[36] Control of the region then passed to Lysimachus (r. 306–281 BC), King of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon, but was captured thereafter by Seleucus I Nicator (r. 305–281), Basileus of the Seleucid Empire,[37] both of whom were Diadochi ("successors") of Alexander. Southern Cappadocia, deemed more strategically important to the Seleucids than its northern counterpart, spent a brief period under Seleucid control.[38] Then, in about 301 BC, around the time of the Battle of Ipsus, Ariarathes I's nephew Ariarathes II managed to restore Ariarathid control over Southern Cappadocia with Armenian military assistance.[39] Ariarathes II subsequently ruled Southern Cappadocia under Seleucid suzerainty.[40]
After the deaths of Lysimachus and Seleucus, Northern Cappadocia, once held by Ariarathes I, was incorporated into the
Notes
References
- ^ Brunner 1986, p. 406.
- ^ Sherwin-White 1984, p. 51; Erciyas 2006, p. 32; Brunner 1986, p. 406.
- ^ McGing 2012, p. 151.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Schottky 2006.
- ^ McGing 2012, p. 151; Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Shahbazi 1986, pp. 410–411; Boyce & Grenet 1991, pp. 266–267, 281; Mørkholm 1991, p. 96.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Weiskopf 1987, pp. 757–764.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Schmitt 1994, pp. 115–117.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Dusinberre 2013, p. 37
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Weiskopf 1987, pp. 757–764.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Roisman 2012, p. 87
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786.
- ^ Yavuz 2010, p. 49; Weiskopf 1987, pp. 757–764.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Roisman 2012, p. 87.
- ^ Roisman 2012, p. 87.
- ^ Roisman 2012, pp. 87–88.
- ^ Roisman 2012, p. 88.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266; Yavuz 2010, p. 49.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Raditsa 1983, p. 111; Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266; Mørkholm 1991, p. 96.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266; Mørkholm 1991, p. 96.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266; Mørkholm 1991, p. 96.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266; Mørkholm 1991, p. 96.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, pp. 266, 578.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Sherwin-White 1984, p. 51; Erciyas 2006, p. 32.
- ^ Sherwin-White 1984, p. 51; Mørkholm 1991, p. 96.
- ^ Yavuz 2010, p. 49; Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Hazel 2001, p. 29; Yardley 2011, p. 137.
- ^ Hazel 2001, p. 29.
- ^ Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ Yavuz 2010, p. 49; Boyce & Grenet 1991, p. 266.
- ^ McGing 2012, p. 151; Yavuz 2010, p. 49.
- ^ Weiskopf 1990, pp. 780–786; Yavuz 2010, p. 50.
Sources
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- Brunner, C. J. (1986). "Ariaratus". In ISBN 978-0-71009-104-8.
- ISBN 978-1107577152.
- Erciyas, Deniz Burcu (2006). Wealth, Aristocracy And Royal Propaganda Under the Hellenistic Kingdom of the Mithradatids in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004146099.
- Hazel, John (2001). Who's Who in the Greek World (1 ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0415260329.
- ISBN 978-0199545568.
- Mørkholm, Otto (1991). ISBN 978-0521395045.
- Raditsa, Leo (1983). "Iranians in Asia Minor". In ISBN 978-1139054942.
- Roisman, Joseph (2012). Alexander's Veterans and the Early Wars of the Successors. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0292742888.
- ISBN 978-1-56859-020-2.
- Schottky, Martin (2006). "Ariarathes". In Salazar, Christine F.; Landfester, Manfred; Gentry, Francis G. (eds.). Brill's New Pauly. Brill Online.
- ISBN 978-0-71009-104-8.
- Sherwin-White, Susan M. (1984). "Asia Minor". In Ling, Roger (ed.). The Cambridge Ancient History: Plates to Volumes VII, part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521243544.
- Weiskopf, Michael (1987). "Asia Minor". In ISBN 978-0-71009-107-9.
- Weiskopf, Michael (1990). "Cappadocia". In ISBN 978-0-71009-132-1.
- Yardley, J. C. (2011). Wheatley, Pat; ISBN 978-0199277599.
- Yavuz, Mehmet Fatih (2010). "Cappadocia". In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195170726.