Buffalo meat
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Buffalo meat, also known as buffalo beef, is the meat of the
Buffalo meat is known by various names in different countries. In some places it is known as red beef, or buff in India
Social significance
Due to the
Differences from beef
Water buffalo are a type of bovid, but their meat is different from beef in many respects. Buffalo meat has a lower fat content, and its fat is milky white, compared to the yellow-white fat of beef. Buffalo meat is darker in color, and buffaloes, because of their larger size, have harder bones than cows. Buffalo meat has a lower muscle pH of 5.6±0.4 whereas beef muscle has a pH of 6.4±0.7. It also has a significantly smaller amount of collagen in its muscles, but the species does not differ significantly in the degree of intramuscular collagen cross-linking.[6]
Production
Buffalo have exceptional muscular development and thus they are considerably heavy, with some weighing more than a tonne. The main agricultural use of buffalo is to obtain milk. India has the largest number of buffalo and is the largest producer of its milk, producing nearly 57 million tonnes of it annually. This accounts for 67% of global production. Slaughtering buffalo for meat is a secondary agricultural priority.
Buffalo meat from young buffalo has a much better quality as they have a higher proportion of muscle and a lower proportion of fat as compared to other cattle meat. The highest quality buffalo meat is known as "padwa" in India, taken from a buffalo younger than 24 months.
India accounts for about 43% of the world buffalo meat production, with
In India, during the calendar year 2014–2015, consumption estimates had been forecasted to rise from 3.1% and 3.5% to 2.1 and 2.175 million tonnes CWE respectively, according to the
Quality parameters of buffalo meat
For centuries buffalo have been used as
When buffalo are reared up to 24 months and fed with milk, their meat is of high quality. Buffalo meat, or buffen, is lean and rich in protein and less fatty than beef. This has created a high demand for buffen among health-conscious consumers (Desmond, 1990). Buffalo may also be more resistant to disease than cattle.[citation needed] The nutrient requirements of buffalo steer constitute 1.8 kg TDN, 6.6 MCal ME, 0.24 kg DCP, 11 g P and 14 g Ca. On ad libitum and high concentrate (75:25) based rations the growth rate is 610 g/day (with feed efficiency of 7:1).[8] The protein content of buffalo meat is higher than chicken, and due to this buffalo meat is also called "poor people’s protein".
Particulars | Buffalo meat | Buffalo meat broiler |
---|---|---|
Water (%) | 74-78 | 76.89 |
Protein (%) | 20.2-24.2 | 22.46 |
Fat (%) | 0.9-1.8 | 0.35 |
Ash (%) | 1.0 | 0.3 |
Cholesterol (mg %) | 61 | — |
Energy per 100 g (kJ / kcal) | 550 (131) | 480 (114) |
Indian export
India is one of the world’s biggest exporters of buffalo meat.[10] According to US Department of Agriculture, India leads over the next highest exporter Brazil. In 2015, India exported more than 2.4 million tonnes of buffalo meat and its allied products. Brazil exported 2 million tonnes and Australia 1.5 million tonnes. These two countries constitute 58.7% of all buffalo meat exports. India has 23.5% of global buffalo meat exports. In fiscal year 2014, the export share of India was 20%.[citation needed]
According to data obtained from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), most of India’s export is to Asian countries, which import more than 80% while African countries import around 15%. Within Asia, Vietnam imports 45% of the buffalo meat exported from India.[11]
Buffalo meat exports from India have been growing at an average of approximately 14% yearly since 2011 and fetched more than $4.8 billion in 2014. Last year was the first time India has earned more from the export of buffen than it did from
Several databases, such as Agricultural Outlook and United Nations Food, show there is increasing trend of meat consumption in India. However, the data also show that the consumption of buffalo meat has been falling over the years. It has come down by (-) 44.5% in 2014 from 2000. This fall in consumption has been taking place because of an increase in the price of buffalo meat and health consciousness.[12] Consumption of chicken went up by 31% in that period, showing that white meat is taking precedence over red meat.[13]
Gallery
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Buffen kebabs are an integral part of Awadhi cuisine, with Lucknow being known for such a dish
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Buffen qeema is a spicy dish, widely eaten in India
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The Thai dish Yam tin khwai is a spicy and sour Northern Thai soup made with the hoof of a water buffalo
See also
References
- ^ Singh, Pragya (September 19, 2016). "The Beef about Buff". Outlook. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
- ^ Doctor, Vikram (8 March 2015). "Ban on cow slaughter in Maharashtra: Why Indian consumers should insist on buffalo milk & carabeef". The Economic Times. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ Joanino, Charlene (4 November 2019). "Carabeef takes limelight in Buglasan 2019's Organic Farm Family Congress and Agri-Fair" (PDF). Bubalus. 2: 9.
- ^ Ross C (1975). Alternative Livestock: with particular response to the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).In: Meat. 1st publication pp. 507 524.
- ^ Bhat PN, Lakshmanan V (1998). The Buffalo meat Industry in India. An over view. In: Buffalo prod. health. 1st publication. ICAR pp. 185-214.Ross, 1975; Bhat and Lakshmanan, 1998
- ^ C. Valin, A. Pinkas, H. Dragnev, S. Boikovski and D. Polikronov (1984), "Comparative study of buffalo meat and beef", Meat Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 69-84
- ^ Arganosa FC (1973). Evaluation of carabeef as a potential substitute for beef. Philippines Journal of Nutrition 26(2): 128-143.
- ^ Ranjan SK, Pathak NN (1979). Management and Feeding Of Buffaloes. pp 217-227. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House. Desmond H (1990). Cattle and Buffalo Meat Production in the Tropics. 1st edition pp. 180-204.
- ^ International Journal of Livestock Production vol.1 (1), pp.001-005, August 2009
- ^ Raghavan, Sharad (10 August 2015). "India on top in exporting beef". The Hindu.
- ^ "Buffalo meat exports fall 9% during April-August".
- ^ Raghavan, Sharad (10 August 2015). "India on top in exporting beef". The Hindu.
- ^ Raghavan, Sharad (10 August 2015). "India on top in exporting beef". The Hindu.
Further reading
- Kondaiah N (2002). Meat and by-products.In: Handbook of Animal Husbandry. 3rd revised edition. pp. 950–975. New Delhi, India: DIPA, ICAR.