Cheddar, Somerset
Cheddar | |
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Avon and Somerset | |
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UK Parliament | |
Cheddar is a large village and
The village supports a variety of community groups including religious, sporting and cultural organisations. Several of these are based on the site of the Kings of Wessex Academy, which is the largest educational establishment.
History
This section appears to contradict itself on the etymology of the place-name 'Cheddar'.(January 2024) |
The name Cheddar comes from the Old English word ceodor, meaning deep dark cavity or pouch.[6]
There is evidence of occupation from the Neolithic period in Cheddar. Britain's oldest complete human skeleton, Cheddar Man, estimated to be 9,000 years old, was found in Cheddar Gorge in 1903.[7] Older remains from the Upper Late Palaeolithic era (12,000–13,000 years ago) have been found.[8] There is some evidence of a Bronze Age field system at the Batts Combe quarry site. There is also evidence of Bronze Age barrows at the mound in the Longwood valley, which if man-made it is likely to be a field system.[9] The remains of a Roman villa have been excavated in the grounds of the current vicarage.[10]
The village of Cheddar had been important during the
As early as 1130 AD, the
The manor of Cheddar was deforested in 1337 and Bishop Ralph was granted a licence by the King to create a hunting forest.[19]
As early as 1527 there are records of watermills on the river.[12] In the 17th and 18th centuries, there were several watermills which ground corn and made paper, with 13 mills on the Yeo at the peak, declining to seven by 1791 and just three by 1915.[20] In the Victorian era it also became a centre for the production of clothing.[21] The last mill, used as a shirt factory, closed in the early 1950s.[20]
William Wilberforce saw the poor conditions of the locals when he visited Cheddar in 1789. He inspired Hannah More in her work to improve the conditions of the Mendip miners and agricultural workers.[22] In 1801, 4,400 acres (18 km2) of common land were enclosed under the Inclosure Acts.[23]
Tourism of the
Cheddar, its surrounding villages and specifically the gorge has been subject to flooding. In the
Government
Cheddar is recognised as a village.
The
The village is in the 'Cheddar and Shipham' electoral ward. After including Shipham the total population of the ward taken at the 2011 census is 6,842.[35]
For
It is also part of the
International relations
Cheddar is
It is also twinned with the commune of Descartes in the Indre-et-Loire department.
Geography
The area is underlain by Black Rock slate, Burrington Oolite and Clifton Down Limestone of the Carboniferous Limestone Series, which contain ooliths and fossil debris on top of Old Red Sandstone, and by Dolomitic Conglomerate of the Keuper. Evidence for Variscan orogeny is seen in the sheared rock and cleaved shales. In many places weathering of these strata has resulted in the formation of immature calcareous soils.[42]
Gorge and caves
Cheddar Gorge, which is located on the edge of the village, is the largest gorge in the United Kingdom.[43] The gorge is the site of the Cheddar Caves, where Cheddar Man was found in 1903.[7] Older remains from the Upper Late Palaeolithic era (12,000–13,000 years ago) have been found.[8] The caves, produced by the activity of an underground river, contain stalactites and stalagmites. Gough's Cave, which was discovered in 1903,[44] leads around 400 m (437 yd) into the rock-face, and contains a variety of large rock chambers and formations. Cox's Cave, discovered in 1837,[45] is smaller but contains many intricate formations. A further cave houses a children's entertainment walk known as the "Crystal Quest".[46]
Cheddar Gorge, including Cox's Cave, Gough's Cave and other attractions, has become a tourist destination, attracting about 500,000 visitors per year.[47] In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, following its appearance on the 2005 television programme Seven Natural Wonders, Cheddar Gorge was named as the second greatest natural wonder in Britain, surpassed only by the Dan yr Ogof caves.[48]
Sites of Special Scientific Interest
There are several large and unique
Cheddar Reservoir is a near-circular artificial reservoir operated by Bristol Water. Dating from the 1930s, it has a capacity of 135 million gallons (614,000 cubic metres).[49] The reservoir is supplied with water taken from the Cheddar Yeo, which rises in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge and is a tributary of the River Axe. The inlet grate for the 54-inch (1.4 m) water pipe that is used to transport the water can be seen next to the sensory garden in Cheddar Gorge.[50] It has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to its wintering waterfowl populations.[51]
By far the largest of the SSSIs is called
Quarries
Close to the village and gorge are
The Chelmscombe Quarry finished its work as a limestone quarry in the 1950s and was then used by the Central Electricity Generating Board as a tower testing station.[59] During the 1970s and 1980s it was also used to test the ability of containers of radioactive material to withstand impacts and other accidents.[60]
Climate
Along with the rest of
Demography
The parish has a population in 2011 of 5,093,[1] with a mean age of 43 years.[62] Residents lived in 2,209 households. The vast majority of households (2,183) gave their ethnic status at the 2001 census as white.[63]
2021 census
According to the most recent 2021 census, the village had a total population of 6,263 with 51.1% female and 48.9% male. Over 6,101 people or 97.3% identified as white, 1% (61) Asian, 0.3% (17) Black and 1.3% (79) as mixed.[64]
The most common places of birth were: 94.1% or 5,900 born in the United Kingdom and 2.5% (156) born in the European Union, 81 Africa and 65 Middle East and Asia, 29 Americas and Caribbean.[64]
Economy
The village gave its name to Cheddar cheese,[65] which is the most popular type of cheese in the United Kingdom.[66] The cheese is now made and consumed worldwide, and only one producer remains in the village.
Since the 1880s, Cheddar's other main produce has been the strawberry,[67] which is grown on the south-facing lower slopes of the Mendip hills.[12] As a consequence of its use for transporting strawberries to market, the since-closed Cheddar Valley line became known as The Strawberry Line after it opened in 1869.[68][69] The line ran from Yatton to Wells. When the rest of the line was closed and all passenger services ceased, the section of the line between Cheddar and Yatton remained open for goods traffic. It provided a fast link with the main markets for the strawberries in Birmingham and London, but finally closed in 1964,[70] becoming part of the Cheddar Valley Railway Nature Reserve.[71]
Tourism is a significant source of employment. Around 15 percent of employment in Sedgemoor is provided by tourism,[73] but within Cheddar it is estimated to employ as many as 1,000 people.[74] The village also has a
Culture and community
Cheddar has a number of active service clubs including Cheddar Vale
Several notable people have been born or lived in Cheddar. Musician
Landmarks
The market cross in Bath Street dates from the 15th century, with the shelter having been rebuilt in 1834. It has a central octagonal pier, a socket raised on four steps, a hexagonal shelter with six arched four-centred openings, shallow two-stage buttresses at each angle, and an embattled parapet. The shaft is crowned by an abacus with figures in niches, probably from the late 19th century, although the cross is now missing. It was rebuilt by Thomas, Marquess of Bath. It is a scheduled monument (Somerset County No 21) and Grade II* listed building.[86]
In January 2000, the cross was seriously damaged in a traffic accident.[87][88] By 2002, the cross had been rebuilt and the area around it was redesigned to protect and enhance its appearance.[89] The cross was badly damaged again in March 2012, when a taxi crashed into it late at night demolishing two sides.[90][91] Repair work, which included the addition of wooden-clad steel posts to protect against future crashes, was completed in November 2012 at a cost of £60,000.[92]
Hannah More, a philanthropist and educator, founded a school in the village in the late 18th century for the children of miners. Her first school was located in a 17th-century house. Now named "Hannah More's Cottage",[93] the Grade II-listed building is used by the local community as a meeting place.[94]
Transport
The village is situated on the A371 road which runs from Wincanton, to Weston-super-Mare.[95] It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) from the route of the M5 motorway with around a 10 miles (16 km) drive to junction 22.[96]
It was on the
The principal bus route is the hourly service 126 between Weston-super-Mare and Wells operated by First West of England. Other bus routes include the service 668 from Shipham to Street which runs every couple of hours operated by Libra Travel, as well as the college bus service 66 which runs from Axbridge to the Bridgwater Campus of Bridgwater and Taunton College in the mornings and evenings of college term times, and is operated by Bakers Dolphin.
Education
The first school in Cheddar was set up by Hannah More during the 18th Century,[98] however now Cheddar has three schools belonging to the Cheddar Valley Group of Schools, twelve schools that provide Cheddar Valley's three-tier education system.[99] Cheddar First School has ten classes for children between 4 and 9 years.[100] Fairlands Middle School, a middle school categorised as a middle-deemed-secondary school, has 510 pupils between 9 and 13.[101] Fairlands takes children moving up from Cheddar First School as well as other first schools in the Cheddar Valley. The Kings of Wessex Academy, a coeducational comprehensive school, has been rated as "good" by Ofsted.[102] It has 1,176 students aged 13 to 18, including 333 in the sixth form.[102] Kings is a faith school linked to the Church of England. It was awarded the specialist status of Technology College in 2001, enabling it to develop its Information Technology (IT) facilities and improve courses in science, mathematics and design technology. In 2007 it became a foundation school, giving it more control over its own finances. The academy owns and runs a sports centre and swimming pool, Kings Fitness & Leisure, with facilities that are used by students as well as residents. It has since November 2016 been a part of the Wessex Learning Trust which incorporates eight academies from the surrounding area.[103]
Religious sites
The
There are also churches for
Sport
Kings Fitness & Leisure, situated on the grounds of
Cheddar A.F.C., founded in 1892 and nicknamed "The Cheesemen",[112] play in the Western Football League Division One. In 2009 plans were revealed to move the club from its present home at Bowdens Park on Draycott Road to a new larger site.[112]
Cheddar Cricket Club was formed in the late 19th century and moved to Sharpham Road Playing Fields in 1964.
The village is both on the route of the
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