Christian philosophy
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Christian philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Christians, or in relation to the religion of Christianity. Christian philosophy emerged with the aim of reconciling science and faith, starting from natural rational explanations with the help of Christian
There are scholars who question the existence of a Christian philosophy itself. These claim that there is no originality in Christian thought and its concepts and ideas are inherited from
However, Boehner and Gilson claim that Christian philosophy is not a simple repetition of ancient philosophy, although they owe to Greek science the knowledge developed by
Historical aspects
Christian philosophy began around the 3rd century. It arises through the movement of the Christian community called
From the 11th century onwards, Christian philosophy was manifested through Scholasticism. This is the period of medieval philosophy that extended until the 15th century, as pointed out by T. Adão Lara. From the 16th century onwards, Christian philosophy, with its theories, started to coexist with independent scientific and philosophical theories.
The development of Christian ideas represents a break with the philosophy of the Greeks, bearing in mind that the starting point of Christian philosophy is the Christian religious message.
Lara divides Christian philosophy into three eras:
- Early philosophy: Patristics (2nd–7th centuries)
- Medieval philosophy: Scholastics (9th–13th centuries)
- Pre-modern (14th–15th centuries)[5]
Characteristics
Natural demonstration
The philosophical starting point of Christian philosophy is logic, not excluding Christian theology.[6] Although there is a relationship between theological doctrines and philosophical reflection in Christian philosophy, its reflections are strictly rational. On this way of seeing the two disciplines, if at least one of the premises of an argument is derived from revelation, the argument falls in the domain of theology; otherwise it falls into philosophy's domain.[7][8]
Justification of truths of faith
Fundamentally, Christian philosophical ideals are to make religious convictions rationally evident through natural reason. The Christian philosopher's attitude is determined by faith in matters relating to cosmology and everyday life. Unlike the Secular philosopher, the Christian philosopher seeks conditions for the identification of eternal truth, being characterized by religiosity[9]
There is criticism of Christian philosophy because the Christian religion is hegemonic at this time and centralizes the elaboration of all values. The coexistence of philosophy and religion is questioned, as philosophy itself is critical and religion founded on revelation and established dogmas. Lara believes that there was questioning and writings with philosophical characteristics in the Middle Ages, although religion and theology predominated.[10] In this way it was established by dogmas, in some aspects, which did not prevent significant philosophical constructions.
Tradition
A Christian philosophy developed from predecessor philosophies. Justin is based on Greek philosophy, an academy in Augustine and Patristics. It is in the tradition of Christian philosophical thought or Judaism, from whom it was inherited from the Old Testament and more fundamentally in the Gospel message, which records or at the center of the message advocated by Christianity.
Scholasticism received influence from both Jewish philosophy and Islamic philosophy. This Christian Europe did not remain exclusively influenced by itself, but it suffered strong influences from other cultures.[11]
Systematizing view
The 'Divine Unity' (attempts) 'intercedes' to systematically and comprehensively systematize the problems of 'global/worldly' reality 'on' a 'cosmic-harmonic-balance' whole. There is a lack of creative 'Divine Spirit',[citation needed] which is compensated by the overall vision. Christian Revelation itself provides the Christian with an overview.[12]
See also
- Arguments for the existence of God
- Biblical studies
- Christian apologetics
- Christian humanism
- Catholic theology
- Ethics in the Bible
- Judeo-Christian ethics
- Sobornost
- Theism
- Thomism
Citations
- ^ Murray, Michael J.; Rea, Michael (2016). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Philosophy and Christian Theology. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
- ^ Existe uma filosofia cristã. 1978.
- ^ Boehner, Philoteus. Gilson, Etienne. História da filosofia cristã: desde às origens até Nicolau de Cusa, 8a edição, Petrópolis, Vozes, 2003, pág. 571
- ^ "What are the Patristics, and why should we study them?". www.monergism.com. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ Lara, pg. 13.
- ^ Boehner, pág. 10
- ISBN 9780429963575.]
metaphysics must be distinguished from sacred or revealed theology. Theology is, by definition, the science or study of God. Theology partly overlaps metaphysics. What is common to theology and metaphysics is usually called philosophical, or natural, theology. It is the remaining part of theology that is called sacred, or revealed, theology.
[page needed - ^ Murray, Michael J.; Rea, Michael (13 May 2002). "Philosophy and Christian Theology". Murray, Michael J. and Michael Rea, "Philosophy and Christian Theology", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
On this way of seeing the two disciplines, if at least one of the premises of an argument is derived from revelation, the argument falls in the domain of theology; otherwise it falls into philosophy's domain.
- ^ Boehner, pág. 10-11
- ^ Lara, pág. 11
- ^ Lara, pág. 13
- ^ Boehner, pág. 12
References
- Boehner, Philoteus. Gilson, Etienne. História da filosofia cristã: desde às origens até Nicolau de Cusa, 8a edição, Petrópolis, Vozes, 2003.
- Lara, Tiago Adão. Curso de história da filosofia: A filosofia nos tempos e contratempos da cristandade ocidental, Petrópolis, Vozes, 1999.
- Störig, Hans Joachim. História Geral da Filosofia, Petrópolis, Vozes, 2008.
Further reading
- Baird, Forrest E.; Walter Kaufmann (2008). From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-158591-1.
- Hillar, Marian (2012). From Logos to Trinity. The Evolution of Religious Beliefs from Pythagoras to Tertullian. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01330-8.
- Richmond, James. Faith and Philosophy, in series, Knowing Christianity. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1966.