Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19
Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are characteristic signs or symptoms of the
Hyperactive immune responses in COVID-19 patients can contribute to the induction "
Urticarial rash
Urticarial rash (hives) is seen in several bacterial and viral infections, so COVID-19 is no exception. These rashes are more commonly found in the trunk and limbs, relatively sparing the acral sites. Systemic corticosteroids are a therapeutic option for urticarial rash induced by COVID-19.[4]
Confluent erythematous rash
The erythematous rashes (redness caused by increased blood flow through skin capillaries) seen in COVID-19 are mostly present on the trunk and limbs, and associated with itching.[4] Exanthems induced by viruses other than COVID-19 and drug reactions should be considered as differential diagnosis in the case of erythematous rashes.[4]
Livedo reticularis
Livedo reticularis refers to slowing of blood flow, leading to desaturation of blood and bluish discolouration of the skin. This type of skin rashes may be seen in cold-induced vasoconstriction as seen in polycythemia or other causes leading up to focal impairment of blood flow.[4]
Histopathological hallmarks
From the
References
- ^ PMID 32622888.
- ^ "COVID-19 dermatology registry". American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- PMID 32562840.
- ^ PMID 33232965.
- ^ Feldman SR, Freeman EE (June 2021). Callen J, Duffin KC, Ofori AO, Corona R (eds.). "COVID-19: Cutaneous manifestations and issues related to dermatologic care". UpToDate. Wolters Kluwer. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ PMID 33481314.
- PMID 32608380.
Further reading
- Seirafianpour F, Sodagar S, Pour Mohammad A, Panahi P, Mozafarpoor S, Almasi S, Goodarzi A (November 2020). "Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review". review. Dermatologic Therapy. 33 (6): e13986. PMID 32639077.
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