Dicerorhinus

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Dicerorhinus
Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent
Rapunzel, a
Sumatran Rhino in the Bronx Zoo
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Tribe:
Dicerorhinini
Genus: Dicerorhinus
Gloger
, 1841
Species

Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)

Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated in the Mid to Late Pliocene of Northern Indochina and South China.[2] Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere.[3]

Taxonomy

Species provisionally considered valid include:

  • †Dicerorhinus fusuiensis[4][5] originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis[6] Early Pleistocene, South China.
  • †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar.[7] Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.[8]

Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:

Transferred to Stephanorhinus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus merckii
  • Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
  • Dicerorhinus etruscus
  • Dicerorhinus yunchuchenensis
  • Dicerorhinus jeanvireti
  • Dicerorhinus choukoutienensis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
  • Dicerorhinus orientalis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
  • Dicerorhinus nipponicus[9]

Transferred to Dihoplus[3]

  • Dicerorhinus megarhinus
  • Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
  • Dicerorhinus ringstroemi

Transferred to Caementodon

  • Dicerorhinus caucasicus[10]

Transferred to Lartetotherium

  • Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
  • Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976[11]

Transferred to Rusingaceros

  • Dicerorhinus leakeyi

Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021)[12]

Elasmotheriinae

†

Elasmotherium sibiricum

Rhinocerotinae

Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

White Rhinoceros
(Ceratotherium simum)

Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)

Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)

† Woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

†

Merck's rhinoceros
(Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis)

Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species.[13]

Hyrachyus eximius

Tapirus terrestris
(South American tapir)

Rhinocerotidae

Trigonias osborni

Ronzotherium filholi

Aceratheriini
Teleoceratina
Rhinocerotina
Nesorhinus

Nesorhinus hayasakai

Nesorhinus philippinensis

Rhinoceros

Rhinoceros sondaicus
(Javan rhinoceros)

Rhinoceros unicornis
(Indian rhinoceros)

Dicerorhinus

Dicerorhinus gwebinensis

Dicerorhinus fusuiensis

Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
(Sumatran rhinoceros)

Dihoplus schleiermacheri

"Dihoplus" pikermiensis

Coelodonta

Coelodonta thibetana

Coelodonta nihowanensis

Coelodonta tologoijensis

Coelodonta antiquitatis antiquitatis
(woolly rhinoceros)

Coelodonta antiquitatis praecursor
(woolly rhinoceros)

Pliorhinus

Pliorhinus megarhinus

Pliorhinus miguelcrusafonti

Stephanorhinus

Stephanorhinus jeanvireti

Stephanorhinus etruscus

Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis

Stephanorhinus hemitoechus
(Narrow-nosed or steppe rhinoceros)

Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Merck's or forest rhinoceros)

References

  1. ^ "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
  2. PMID 29249659
    .
  3. ^
    doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002
    .
  4. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab009
    .
  5. ISSN 0267-8179
    .
  6. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.004
    .
  7. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00813.x
    .
  8. ISSN 1000-9515
    .
  9. S2CID 145930245
    .
  10. S2CID 86800130
    .
  11. ^ Deng, T.; Li, S., 2023. Restudy of Rhinocerotini fossils from the Miocene Jiulongkou fauna of China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 61: 198-211 - DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230630
  12. S2CID 237273079
    .
  13. ISSN 0267-8179
    .
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