Eliot Engel

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the American scholar, see Elliot Engel.
"Representative Engel" redirects here. For the Arizona state representative, see Kirsten Engel.

Eliot Engel
Official portrait, 2003
Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee
In office
January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021
Preceded byEd Royce
Succeeded byGregory Meeks
Ranking Member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee
In office
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019
Preceded byHoward Berman
Succeeded byMichael McCaul
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from New York
In office
January 3, 1989 – January 3, 2021
Preceded byMario Biaggi
Succeeded byJamaal Bowman
Constituency19th district (1989–1993)
17th district (1993–2013)
16th district (2013–2021)
Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 81st district
In office
March 7, 1977 – January 1, 1989
Preceded byAlan Hochberg
Succeeded byStephen B. Kaufman
Personal details
Born
Eliot Lance Engel

(1947-02-18) February 18, 1947 (age 78)
New York City, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpousePatricia Ennis
Children3
Residence(s)The Bronx, New York, U.S.
EducationLehman College (BA, MS)
New York Law School (JD)
Eliot Engel's voice
Eliot Engel voices his support for a resolution condemning the persecution of the Rohingya people in Myanmar
Recorded May 7, 2014

Eliot Lance Engel (

Bronx and southern Westchester County
.

Engel won his first congressional election in 1988, defeating Mario Biaggi in the Democratic primary. In 2019, following Democratic gains in the 2018 elections, Engel was named chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee; he previously was its ranking member from 2013. In 2020, after 16 terms in office, Engel was defeated in the Democratic primary by middle school principal Jamaal Bowman.

Early life and education

Engel was born in

Ukrainian Jewish background,[1] were immigrants from the Russian Empire.[2]

In 1969, Engel graduated from the Bronx campus of Hunter College with a Bachelor of Arts in history. He subsequently received a Master of Science in guidance and counseling in 1973 from the same institution, by now renamed Lehman College following the severance of its relationship with Hunter College. In February 1987, he earned a Juris Doctor from New York Law School.[3]

Early career

New York State Assembly

In 1977, Engel entered the special election for a seat in the New York State Assembly after the incumbent Democrat Alan Hochberg was forced to resign. He was the Liberal Party nominee in the special election, and on March 1, 1977, he won by 103 votes, defeating Democratic nominee Ted Weinstein and Republican nominee Arlene Siegel.[4]

Engel was a member of the

Mitchell-Lama Housing Program.[citation needed
]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

In 1988, Engel ran for the

primary with 48% of the vote; Biaggi had resigned his seat and did not campaign for office, though his name remained on the ballot.[5] Biaggi had been charged by Rudy Giuliani with racketeering in the Wedtech scandal,[6] and was eventually jailed. Biaggi was unopposed for the Republican nomination (he had run on both the Republican and Democratic lines since 1972[citation needed]). Engel won the general election with 56% of the vote.[7]

In 1994, Engel defeated musician Willie Colón 62%-38%.[8] In 2000, Engel defeated State Senator Larry Seabrook, who had the support of Bronx County Democratic Party Chairman Roberto Ramirez, 50%-41%.[9]

In 2020, Engel was challenged in the primary by Yonkers school principal Jamaal Bowman, who ran well to Engel's left. Engel initially received an endorsement from New York State Senator Alessandra Biaggi, Mario Biaggi's granddaughter.[10] However, in early June, after a hot mic gaffe by Engel, where he insisted on speaking at a press conference and said, "If I didn't have a primary, I wouldn't care," Biaggi withdrew her support of Engel and instead endorsed Bowman.[11] In a mid-June poll, Engel trailed Bowman by ten percentage points[12] and, after the election, with early and election day votes counted, Bowman led Engel by almost 12,000 votes, 61.8% to 34.9%. Absentee ballots were scheduled to be counted on June 30, 2020,[13] though some sources called the race for Bowman before the counting of absentee ballots.[14] After the absentee ballots were counted, Bowman's lead was 55.4%-40.6%, or 13,218 votes. The race was called for Bowman on July 17, 2020, with the New York State Board of Elections certifying the results on August 6, 2020.[15][16]

Committee assignments

Party leadership
  • Vice Chair of the Democratic Task Force on Homeland Security
  • Assistant Democratic Whip
Caucus memberships

Attendance at the State of the Union address

Engel could be seen shaking hands with the President at a number of televised

State of the Union addresses during his time in Congress.[24] Along with other Members of Congress, Engel showed up at the Capitol
early in order to guarantee that he would get an aisle seat. Engel managed to shake hands with the President at every address, and be seen by his constituents on live television, starting when he arrived in Congress in 1989. He expressed that, "It's an honor to shake the hand of the president of the United States no matter who it is."

This tradition ended in 2017 when Engel decided not to shake then President Donald Trump's hand.[25][26]

Political positions

Healthcare reform

A strong supporter of

United States National Health Care Act, which would implement a single-payer health care system in the United States. In 2010 he was a strong supporter of the landmark Affordable Care Act once he secured provisions that New York would not be penalized for providing more generous benefits than other states.[28]

In 2008, Engel authored the

Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Act (P.L. 110–361),[30]
which promoted research at Centers of Excellence for Muscular Dystrophy.

In 2010, Engel wrote the

115th Congress for consideration. It was not voted on.[31] The legislation would provide for better tracking and research into gestational diabetes, which, if untreated, could lead to Type 2 diabetes
for both mother and child.

Global health

Engel supported an improved re-authorization of the

Tuberculosis control
activities, and promotes research to develop new drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines.

Energy

In 2005, Engel, along with Congressman

alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies. It also called for increased tire efficiency - to increase a vehicle's gas miles.[33]

Many provisions of the DRIVE Act were included in the

biobutanol
.

Engel introduced the Open Fuel Standards Act, alongside Congressmen Kingston, Steve Israel (D-NY) and Bob Inglis (R-SC).[34] This bill would have required 50 percent of new cars sold in the United States by 2012 (and 80 percent of new cars sold by 2015) to be flexible-fuel vehicles capable of running on any combination of ethanol, methanol, or gasoline. Flex fuel vehicles cost about $100 more than the same vehicle in a gasoline-only version.

Engel on the

111th Congress
.

Gun control

A supporter of

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to set a national quality standard for all child safety devices used on firearms.[41]

Other domestic issues

On December 22, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the

Bill Nelson in the Senate, passed the House on December 15, and is virtually identical to Engel's bill.[42] The new law cracks down on the use of caller ID spoofing, often used by criminals to trick their victims into giving out personal information. The legislation will help law enforcement combat identity theft
.

Engel originally introduced the Securing our Borders and Our Data Act in July 2008, HR 6702.

Department of Homeland Security altered their rules to prevent agents from searching and seizing without cause.[46]
This encompassed much of Engel's legislation.

In the 109th Congress, Engel introduced the Calling Card Consumer Protection Act, HR 3402.[47] The bill was intended to stop some of the massive fraud in the prepaid calling card industry.[48] The legislation passed the House unanimously, but the Senate did not act on it. In 2011, Engel introduced the Drug Testing Integrity Act, which would prohibit products to be sold that enable cheating on drug tests.

In 2010, Engel urged the

abusing the system
by imposing transfer fees that would have provided them with percentages on all future sales of the property over many decades. The transfer fee, when used correctly, can help owners and developers fund projects and remain affordable. The FHFA decided not to pursue this plan in 2011.

In 2012, Engel introduced

113th Congress, with Rep. Michael Grimm as the Republican lead, and Rep. Jan Schakowsky
as an original co-sponsor.

International affairs

Engel with Nelson Mandela

Engel is a supporter of recognizing

Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act, which was signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 12, 2003.[49] In this Law, Congress authorized penalties and restrictions on US relations with Syria for its occupation of Lebanon, and for its relationship with terrorist groups. Syria withdrew all forces from Lebanon in 2005 after the Cedar Revolution
.

In September 2020, Engel stated that "the influence of external actors such as Turkey recklessly meddling" in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is "troubling".[50]

Western Hemisphere Subcommittee

As Chairman of the House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Engel called for stronger U.S. relations with Latin America and the Caribbean. His Subcommittee held hearings on issues such as the crisis in Haiti, poverty, and inequality in Latin America.

Engel pushed for increased funding for emergency relief in Haiti, and for Temporary Protective Status (TPS) of Haitian nationals in the U.S.

narco-trafficking and related violence in the region. In the 110th United States Congress, he introduced the Social Investment and Economic Development Act for the Americas of 2007[52] (re-introduced in 2009, where it also died in committee[53]) and sponsored the Western Hemisphere Energy Compact Act to develop partnerships to strengthen diplomatic relations with the Government of Brazil, and the governments of other countries in the Western Hemisphere (died in committee).[54]

The bi-partisan Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2009 (sponsored by Engel) was passed by the House on December 8, 2009; it would have taken a fresh look at the United States' counter-narcotics efforts, both at home and abroad. The bill did not pass the Senate.[55]

Middle East

Engel before greeting the new King Salman of Saudi Arabia, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in January 2015

Engel was one of the leading congressional supporters of

Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act, which was signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 12, 2003.[58] This law authorized restrictions on American relations with Syria, and penalties for its occupation of Lebanon
, and for its relationship with terrorist groups.

In 2016 Engel was one of only 16 Democrats to join with 200 Republicans and defeat a measure that would have banned the sale of cluster bombs to

Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi. Engel told NPR that he did not want to see Salman “punished.”[59]

In January 2017, Engel introduced a House resolution condemning the

Palestinian territories as a violation of international law.[60]

Kosovo and the Balkans

The

Pejë, and he was the first foreign dignitary to address the Kosovo parliament.[63]

Cyprus

Engel called for the withdrawal of

demilitarization. His 1994 law allowed the United States Department of State to conduct an investigation of five Americans who disappeared during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and found the remains of one.[64] Engel received the George Paraskevaides Award on May 17, 2007, given to those who have utilized ancient Hellenic values to contribute to the nations and people of Cyprus and America and to the Hellenics in the modern world.[65]

Iraq War

In 2002, although 133 members of the House of Representatives voted against it, Engel voted for the resolution granting President Bush the authority to use force in Iraq, as did the two Senators from New York, Chuck Schumer and Hillary Clinton, and almost 300 members of the United States House of Representatives.[66][59] After revelations that intelligence provided to Congress was partially unreliable, and the subsequent problems faced after Saddam Hussein was deposed, Engel has come to regret his decision to support the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and consistently votes in favor of gradual withdrawal. He has met with anti-war activists, and in 2008, he publicly called for the closing of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.

Irish affairs

In 2007, Engel became a Co-Chair of the Congressional Ad Hoc Committee on Irish Affairs. He supported the 1998

Rockland County
.

Human rights

Engel with Hong Kong activists who have become prominent figures in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

As a member of the

child labor in the cocoa fields of West Africa
.

In early 2001, he wrote the House resolution condemning the

Nazis forcing Jews to wear a yellow Star of David.[70] In 2008, he wrote a resolution commending the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality.[71]

Engel sponsored a bill to support the

Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, enabling homosexuals to serve openly
in the U.S. military.

In 2018, Engel condemned the

genocide of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis.[75]

Engel urged the Trump administration to take a tougher line on China by imposing sanctions on Chinese officials who are responsible for human rights abuses against the Uyghur Muslim minority in China's northwestern Xinjiang region. In March 2019, the group of lawmakers led by Engel wrote a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo that read in part, "This issue is bigger than just China. It is about demonstrating to strongmen globally that the world will hold them accountable for their actions."[76]

In June 2020, Engel stated that Polish President Andrzej Duda and Poland's nationalist Law and Justice (PiS) party "promote horrifying homophobic and anti-LGBTQ stereotypes and policies that run counter to the human rights and values that America should strive to uphold".[77]

Iran nuclear deal

In August 2015, Engel announced that he would oppose the Iran nuclear deal in congress, saying that, "The answers I've received simply don't convince me that this deal will keep a nuclear weapon out of Iran's hands, and may in fact strengthen Iran's position as a destabilizing and destructive influence across the Middle East."[78]

Controversies

In March 2009, the

House Ethics Committee.[81]

In 1988, publisher Christopher Hagedorn began targeting Engel with criticism in his Bronx weekly newspapers (the Bronx News, the Parkchester News, and the Co-op City News),[82] when he alleged that Engel, when he was still an assemblyman, was behind a failed effort to evict the Co-op City News from its offices.[83] In addition, Hagedorn later reprinted articles from other newspapers that contained criticism of Engel. Hagedorn also endorsed Engel's Democratic opponents, including Larry Seabrook in 2000; however, this did not prevent Engel's re-election to Congress.[84]

Engel mostly ignored Hagedorn's criticism and accusations. In 1995, however, his communications director, Greg Howard, told the Bronx Beat newspaper "We don't consider Mr. Hagedorn a legitimate journalist. He uses the paper as his own personal platform for whatever agenda he has. He chooses the paper to malign people with whom he has philosophical differences."[82] In the last decade, Hagedorn's newspapers have been mostly silent in regard to Engel.

In January 2020, he revealed that in a call after he was fired as Trump's National Security Adviser, John Bolton "suggested to [Engel] — unprompted — that the [Foreign Affairs Committee] look into the recall of Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch."[85]

In April 2020, Engel claimed he had visited his district and taken part in COVID-19 and healthcare related events, before confirming when challenged that he had not returned to New York since March.[86]

In June 2020, Engel appeared at a press conference to address the unrest resulting from the murder of George Floyd. When Bronx Borough President Rubén Díaz Jr. indicated there was not enough time for Engel to address the press, Engel responded, "If I didn't have a primary, I wouldn't care." Diaz immediately rebuked Engel, saying, "We're not politicizing. Everybody's got a primary, you know?"[87][88][89]

Grades and recognition

Engel received the National Association of Public Hospitals Safety Net Award in 2007 primarily for the introduction of The Public and Teaching Hospital Preservation Act.[90] Engel was presented with The AIDS Institute National HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Award in 2007[91] and is the 2008 Distinguished Community Health Superhero as deemed by the National Association of Community Health Centers.[92]

He was honored in 2008 by the American Farm Bureau Federation and the New York Farm Bureau as a Friend of the Farm Bureau for his support of farm issues during the 110th United States Congress.[93]

On November 11, 2011, the Municipality of

Pejë, Kosovo, gave Engel the title of Honorary Citizen of Peje.[94]

In July 2019, the highway section M9.1 between

Fierzë, Albania passing through Bajram Curri, Albania was named Eliot Engel Drive by local authorities.[95]

Electoral history

Electoral history of Eliot Engel
  • 1988
  • 1990
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 19
      • Eliot Engel – 71%
      • Dominick Fusco – 29%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D) – 61%
      • William Gouldman (R) – 23%
      • Kevin Brawley (O) – 16%
  • 1992
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, L) – 81%
      • Martin Richman (R) – 14%
      • Kevin Brawley (C) – 3%
      • Martin O'Grady (RTL) – 2%
      • Nana LaLuz (NLP) – 1%
  • 1994
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, L) – 74%
      • Edward Marshall (R) – 19%
      • Kevin Brawley (Other) – 5%
      • Ann Noonan (Other) – 2%
  • 1996
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • Eliot Engel – 76%
      • Herbert Moreira-Brown – 24%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, L) – 85%
      • Denis McCarthy (R) – 14%
      • Dennis Coleman (Ind.) – 2%
  • 1998
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • Eliot Engel – 80%
      • Herbert Moreira-Brown – 20%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, L) – 88%
      • Peter Fiumefreddo (R) – 12%
  • 2000
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, L) – 89%
      • Patrick McManus (R) – 11%
  • 2002
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • None
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, WF) – 62%
      • C. Scott Vanderhoef (R) – 35%
      • Arthur Gallagher (RTL) – 2%
      • Elizabeth Shanklin (Green) – 1%
  • 2004
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • Eliot Engel – 65%
      • Kevin McAdams – 23%
      • Jessica Flagg – 12%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, WF) – 76%
      • Matthew Brennan (R) – 23%
      • Kevin Brawley (Con.) – 2%
  • 2006
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • Eliot Engel – 83%
      • Jessica Flagg – 17%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, WF) – 76%
      • James Faulkner (R) – 24%
  • 2008
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • None
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, WF) – 79%
      • Robert Goodman
        (R) – 21%
  • 2010
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 17
      • No Democratic Primary. Anthony Mele defeated York Kleinhandler 51% to 49% in the Republican primary.
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, WF) – 73%
      • Anthony Mele (R) – 23%
      • York Kleinhandler (Con) – 4%
  • 2012
    • Democratic Primary – NY District 16
      • Eliot Engel – 90.9%
      • Aniello Grimaldi – 9.1%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D, WF) – 66.4%
      • Joseph McLaughlin (R) – 2%
      • Joseph Diaferia (Green) – 1.1%
      • Other – 12.5%
  • 2014
    • No Democratic Primary - NY District 16
      • Eliot Engel (D) - Unopposed
  • 2016
    • Democratic Primary - NY District 16
      • Eliot Engel (D) - 94.7%
      • Derickson Lawrence (PCC)[96] - 5.3%
  • 2018
    • Democratic Primary - NY District 16
      • Eliot Engel (D) - 73.7%
      • Jonathan Lewis (D) - 16.2%
      • Joyce Briscoe (D) - 5.9%
      • Derickson Lawrence (D) - 4.3%
    • General Election
      • Eliot Engel (D) - 100%
  • 2020
    • Democratic Primary - NY District 16
      • Jamaal Bowman (D) - 55.4%
      • Eliot Engel (D) - 40.6%
      • Christopher Fink (D) - 1.8%
      • Sammy Ravelo (D) - 1.3%
      • Andom Ghebreghiorgis (D) - 0.9%[97]

See also

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eliot Engel.
New York State Assembly
Preceded by Member of the New York Assembly
from the 81st district
1977–1988 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 19th congressional district

1989–1993 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Jerrold Nadler
 Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 17th congressional district

1993–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 16th congressional district

2013–2021 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee
2019–2021 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Representative Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Representative 		Succeeded byas Former US Representative
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