Emirate of Tbilisi
Emirate of Tbilisi إمارة تفليسي Imārat Tiflisi (in Arabic) თბილისის საამირო Tbilisis saamiro (in Georgian) | |||||||||
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736–1122 | |||||||||
Capital | al-Tefelis | ||||||||
Common languages | Classical Arabic, Georgian | ||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam, Eastern Orthodox Church | ||||||||
Government | Emirate | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 736 | ||||||||
1122 | |||||||||
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Today part of | Georgia |
Part of a series on the |
History of Georgia |
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Historical Arab states and dynasties |
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The Emirate of Tbilisi (
History
The
.During the
Tbilisi was a large city with a strong double wall pierced by three gates. It lay on both banks of the
The
Unsuccessful Georgian attempts to capture Tbilisi
Capture of Jafar by Liparit Baghvashi and Ivane Abazasdze
In 1032, the Eristavi of Kldekari and Kartli, Liparit Baghvashi and Ivane Abazasdze lured Emir Jafar of Tbilisi from the city and captured him. It seems that the emir could not have imagined such a development of events, because he went to the meeting with the Georgian nobility without any doubts, especially since he and Bagrat IV marched on Ganja with joint forces. He probably spent five years in captivity. It is difficult to say why the Georgians did not manage to organize the capture of the city that was left without an ruler. Ivane Javakhishvili pointed out that after the capture of the fortress of Birtvisi, the king took pity on Emir and again confirmed him as the ruler of Tbilisi, According to Kopaliani, Bagrat came under the influence of Liparit and Ivane's opponent feudal lords, who saw the threat of strengthening Baghvashi in taking over the city, therefore he refused to capture Tbilisi. One way or another, the Emirate of Tbilisi remained an independent entity.
Siege of Tbilisi (1038-1040)
Although one year after the release of Jafar, the Georgians under the leadership of Liparit tried to capture Tbilisi. Historians believe that Liparit convinced the king of the need to capture Tbilisi and called for another campaign. The army that entered Tbilisi blocked all roads to cut off the city from the outside world. A siege circle was formed around Tbilisi. The population was gripped by terrible hunger. The people of Tbilisi were going to give up over the city to the king, and the Emir was thinking about escaping quietly, but suddenly, after a two-year siege, Bagrat offered a truce to Jafar, and the Georgian troops immediately left Tbilisi. This issue has also become the cause of dispute among historians. Ivane Javakhishvili, based on the preserved information of Ibn al-Athir, connects this hasty decision of the king with the entry of the Seljuks into Armenia and Azerbaijan, while M. Lortkipanidze again blames the princes who are opposed to Liparit for the failure of the attempt to capture Tbilisi, although he also does not rule out the influence of the Seljuk campaigns on the king.
Capture of Tbilisi by David the Builder
Siege of Tbilisi (1122)
From the 12th century,
Legacy
The office of emir — amira or amirtamira — now an appointed Georgian royal official — survived in Tbilisi, as well as other big cities of Georgia, into the 18th century, being substituted by the office of mouravi.
Rulers
Emir | Reign | Dynasty | Notes |
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1. Isma'il b. Shuab | (until 813) | Shuabids | |
2. Mohammed I b. Atab | 813 – 829 | Shuabids | |
3. Ali I b. Shuab | 829 – 833 | Shuabids | |
4. Ishaq b. Isma'il b. Shuab | 833 – 853 | Shuabids | |
5. Muhammad II b. Khalil | 853 – 870 | Shaybanids | |
6. Isa b. al-Shaykh al-Shayban | 870 – 876 | Shaybanids | |
7. Ibrahim | 876 – 878 | Shaybanids | |
8. Gabuloc | 878 – 880 | Shaybanids | |
9. Jafar I b. Ali | 880 – 914 | Jafarids | |
10. Mansur I b. Jafar | 914 – 952 | Jafarids | |
11. Jafar II b. Mansur | 952 – 981 | Jafarids | |
12. Ali II b. Jafar | 981 – 1032 | Jafarids | |
13. Jafar III b. Ali | 1032 – 1046 | Jafarids | |
14. Mansur II b. Jafar | 1046 – 1054 | Jafarids | |
15. Abu'l-Hayja b. Jafar | 1054 – 1062 | Jafarids | |
1062 – 1068 | City council
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16. Fadlun of Ganja | 1068 – 1080 | Jafarids | appointed by Alp Arslan |
1080 – 1122 | City council
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annexed to Kingdom of Georgia |
Sources
- Allen, WED (1932), A History of the Georgian People, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co,
- Minorsky, V., Tiflis in Encyclopaedia of Islam
- Suny RG (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation (2nd Edition), Bloomington and Indianapolis, ISBN 0-253-35579-6
References
- ^ Japaridze, Gocha (1989). "მუსლიმი მოღვაწეები ათ-თიფლისის ნისბით VIII–XIV საუკუნეებში" [Muslim figures with the nisba al-Tiflisi in the 8th to the 14th centuries]. Matsne (in Georgian). 4: 77–88.
- ^ Japaridze, Gocha (1990). "მუსლიმი მოღვაწეები ათ-თიფლისის ნისბით VIII–XIV საუკუნეებში" [Muslim figures with the nisba al-Tiflisi in the 8th to the 14th centuries]. Matsne (in Georgian). 1: 65–78.
- .
Further reading
- Paghava, Irakli; Turkia, Severiane (2012). "A Unique Coin of Abū al-Hayjā, Ja'farid Emir of Tiflīs". The Numismatic Chronicle. 172: 205–212. JSTOR 42678938.