Fernando Tambroni
Fernando Tambroni | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister of Italy | |||||||||||||
In office 26 March 1960 – 27 July 1960 | |||||||||||||
President | Giovanni Gronchi | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Antonio Segni | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Amintore Fanfani | ||||||||||||
Minister of Budget | |||||||||||||
In office 15 February 1959 – 27 July 1960 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Antonio Segni Himself | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Giuseppe Medici | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Giuseppe Pella | ||||||||||||
Minister of the Treasury | |||||||||||||
In office 16 February 1959 – 26 March 1960 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Antonio Segni | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Giulio Andreotti | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Paolo Emilio Taviani | ||||||||||||
Minister of the Interior | |||||||||||||
In office 6 July 1955 – 16 February 1959 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Antonio Segni Adone Zoli Amintore Fanfani | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Mario Scelba | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Antonio Segni | ||||||||||||
Minister of Merchant Navy | |||||||||||||
In office 17 August 1953 – 6 July 1955 | |||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Giuseppe Pella Amintore Fanfani Mario Scelba | ||||||||||||
Preceded by | Bernardo Mattarella | ||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Gennaro Cassiani | ||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||
Born | Fernando Tambroni Armaroli 25 November 1901 Ascoli Piceno, Kingdom of Italy | ||||||||||||
Died | 18 February 1963 Rome, Italy | (aged 61)||||||||||||
Political party | PPI (1919–1923) PNF (1932–1943) DC (1943–1963) | ||||||||||||
Spouse | Mafalda Giacopelli | ||||||||||||
Children | 2 | ||||||||||||
Alma mater | University of Macerata | ||||||||||||
Fernando Tambroni Armaroli ( 25 November 1901 – 18 February 1963) was an Italian politician. A member of Christian Democracy, he served as the 36th Prime Minister of Italy from March to July 1960.[1] He also served as Minister of the Interior from July 1955 until February 1959, Minister of Budget and Treasury from February 1959 to March 1960, and Minister of the Merchant Navy from August 1953 until July 1955.
Despite having started his political career as a
Early life
Tambroni was born in
Fascist regime
In November 1926, after the dissolution of the PPI imposed by the
Tambroni entered the legal profession in 1923. He started out in the law firm of Augusto Giardini. During the 1920s, he became a rather well-known and appreciated criminal defense lawyer. In 1927, he welcomed his sister Rina, the second female lawyer in Ancona, as a colleague in the firm. After the war, Rina would take over the running of the firm.[10] During these years, Tambroni married Mafalda Giacopelli. Two daughters were born to the couple: Maria Grazia and Gabriella.[11]
The Second World War found Tambroni serving in the Voluntary Militia for National Security (MVSN), commonly known as the
Political career
In the
In the
In the 1953 Italian general election, the government coalition won 49.9% of national vote, just a few thousand votes of the threshold for a supermajority, resulting in an ordinary proportional distribution of the seats.[21] Technically, the government won the election, winning a clear working majority of seats in both houses, but frustration with the failure to win a supermajority caused significant tensions in the leading coalition, which ended on 2 August, when De Gasperi was forced to resign by the Parliament. On 17 August, President Luigi Einaudi appointed Giuseppe Pella as new Prime Minister,[22] while Tambroni became Minister of Merchant Navy.[23] He would remain in office until July 1955, serving also in the governments of Amintore Fanfani and Mario Scelba.[24][25]
As minister, he approved the so-called "Tambroni law", which for the first time attempted to resolve the shipyards situation, with a 10 year concession of tax relief and state aids to encourage the reduction of production costs, promoting their competitiveness in the international market.[26]
Minister of the Interior
In July 1955, the newly appointed Prime Minister,
During his ministry, he was accused of using prefects in favor of the political interest of the government and his party. In 1956, he sent a confidential note to all Italian prefects inviting them to produce a report that not only illustrated the political ideals of the population, but also indicated measures that "could be implemented before the 1957 local elections to favorably influence voters, with the aim of starting a more effective fight against communism.[30] He also created an ad hoc office, with some of his close and trusted advisors. Politicians, militants and citizens with leftist sympathies and ideas ended up in these files, but dossiers were also opened on party comrades and politicians close to the DC, to have instruments of conditioning, if not blackmail, other politicians.[31]
As minister, he organized the electoral campaign of the 1958 Italian general election. He also approved interventions on municipal laws and local finances, prepared plans for reforming public assistance and Protezione Civile law and reorganized the Vigili del Fuoco, the Italian firefighters corp. Tambroni authorized also the translation of Mussolini's body in the family chapel in Predappio and dissolved the city council of Naples, earning the hostility of mayor Achille Lauro.[32]
During these years, he was ranked among the main supporters of centre-left politics, becoming a close ally of Amintore Fanfani. In 1956, speaking at the party congress in Trento, he openly supported an alliance with the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), calling for an "innovative government program" and describing the centrist policies as "absurd".[33]
In January 1959, a conspicuous group of Christian Democrats started voting against their own government, forcing Fanfani to resign on 26 January 1959, after only six months in power.
Prime Minister of Italy
In March 1960, the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) withdrew its support to his government and Segni was forced to resign. President Giovanni Gronchi gave Tambroni the task of forming a new cabinet. Tambroni formed a one-party cabinet composed only by DC members, with the sole external support of the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement (MSI), a unique case in the history of the Italian Republic.[36]
On 8 April, the Chamber of Deputies gave the
Tambroni listed among the main focus of his government's program the institution of
Since the beginning, Tambroni's premiership was characterised by a strong
Anti-fascist riots
The most controversial decision of his cabinet, was the permission to the MSI to hold its national congress in
On 30 June 1960, a large demonstration summoned by the left-wing
On 8 July, the political situation was so worrying that the President of the Senate,
On 19 July, when many members of his own party, withdrew their supports to the government, Tambroni was forced to resign, after only 116 days in power.[46]
Death and legacy
After his resignation, Tambroni's political life was de facto concluded and he would never play a key role again. On 18 February 1963, Tambroni died in Rome due to cardiac arrest.[47] A few days earlier, DC's secretary Aldo Moro had informed him that he was going to be excluded from the party list in the 1963 Italian general election.[12] On the following day, the newspaper La Stampa remembered him on the front page as "a cold man with no cordiality. ... Tambroni had always been a loner, with very few really close friends, even when he reached the top of his political career".[48]
Due to his
Electoral history
Election | House | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1946 | Constituent Assembly | Ancona–Pesaro–Macerata–Ascoli Piceno
|
DC | 20,592 | Elected | |
1948 | Chamber of Deputies | Ancona–Pesaro–Macerata–Ascoli Piceno
|
DC | 45,606 | Elected | |
1953 | Chamber of Deputies | Ancona–Pesaro–Macerata–Ascoli Piceno
|
DC | 82,557 | Elected | |
1958 | Chamber of Deputies | Ancona–Pesaro–Macerata–Ascoli Piceno
|
DC | 128,563 | Elected |
References
- ^ Fernando Tambroni Armaroli – Senato della Repubblica, senato.it
- ^ Paul Ginsborg A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943-1988, pp.256-7
- ISBN 978-0-7190-4944-6. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
- ^ La polizia segreta di Tambroni, Micciacorta
- ^ Profile of Fernando Tambroni
- ^ Fernando Tambroni Armaroli – Scheda di attività, senato.it
- ^ Fernando Tambroni Armaroli, Enciclopedia Treccani
- ^ Giuseppe Spataro – Dizionario Biografico, Enciclopedia Treccani
- ^ Il premier marchigiano Archived 7 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, altervista.org
- ^ Prefazione, in Il senso dello Stato, 1960, page 7
- ^ Tambroni, Archivio Storico Istituto Luce
- ^ a b Fernando Tambroni Armaroli – Dizionario Biografico, Enciclopedia Treccani
- ^ Fernando Tambroni, ANPI
- ^ Fernando Tambroni – Biografia
- ^ Elezioni del 1946: Collegio di Ancona–Pesaro–Macerata–Ascoli Piceno, Ministero dell'Interno
- ^ Fernando Tambroni Armaroli, Assemblea Costituente
- ^ Elezioni del 1948: Collegio di Ancona–Pesaro–Macerata–Ascoli Piceno, Ministero dell'Interno
- ^ Il Popolo, 18 November 1948
- ^ Governo De Gasperi VI, governo.it
- ^ Governo De Gasperi VII, governo.it
- ^ Also its parliamentarian exam had a disruptive effect: "Among the iron pots of political forces that faced in the Cold War, Senate cracked as earthenware pot": Buonomo, Giampiero (2014). "Come il Senato si scoprì vaso di coccio". L'Ago e Il Filo. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ^ Mattarella cita Einaudi e l'incarico a Pella: fu il primo governo del presidente
- ^ Il governo del Presidente Pella
- ^ I Governo Fanfani, camera.it
- ^ Composizione del Governo Scelba, senato.it
- ^ Legge Tambroni – Cantieri navali
- ^ Composzione del Governo Segni I, senato.it
- ^ Governo Zoli, camera.it
- ^ Governo Fanfani II, senato.it
- ^ Archivio centrale dello Stato, Ministero del’Interno, Gabinetto 1957–1960, b. 356, f. 17225
- ^ La polizia segreta di Tambroni, Il Sole 24 Ore
- ^ Fernando Tambroni Armaroli, centrostudimalfatti.eu
- ^ Radi, 1990, page 47
- ^ "Italy's Fanfan", Time, 16 June 1961.
- ^ Governo Segni I, senato.it
- ^ Ginsborg (1990) pp.256-7
- ^ Composizione del Governo Tambroni, Senato della Repubblica
- ^ Chamber of Deputies, Atti Parlamentari. Discussioni, III Legislatura, 4 April 1960, page 13424
- ^ Governo Tambroni: 60 anni fa il rientro del neofascismo nel gioco politico, Corriere della Sera
- ^ 15 giugno 1960 Il ministro Tupini censura “La dolce vita, Il Messaggero
- ^ Il governo Tambroni, Rai Scuola
- ^ 30 giugno 1960: il “No pasaràn!” di Genova (e quel che accadde prima e dopo), Genova 24
- ^ Camera dei Deputati, Atti Parlamentari. Discussioni, III Legislatura, 7 July 1960, page 15700–15701
- ^ Camera dei Deputati, Atti Parlamentari. Discussioni, III Legislatura, 7 July 1960, page 157689
- ^ La rivolta di Genova nelle parole di chi c'era, Alessandro Benna, Lucia Compagnino, Fratelli Frilli Editore, 30 June 1960
- ^ Governo Tambroni, www.governo.it
- ^ Fernando Tambroni, Archivio 900
- ^ L’uomo politico, La Stampa, 19 February 1963
- ^ Il brevissimo governo Tambroni
External links