Ganj-i-Sawai
A later (1933) interpretation of Ganj-i-Sawai. The ship is inaccurately depicted as an East Indiaman.
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History | |
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Name | Ganj-I-Sawai |
Owner | |
Ordered | In 1614 by Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani[1] |
Launched | 1616 AD |
Completed | 1616 AD |
Maiden voyage | 1617 AD |
Out of service | 1695 AD |
Fate | Seized by pirates |
General characteristics | |
Type | Ghanjah sailing ship |
Displacement | 1500[2] to 1600 tons[3][4] |
Complement | 1100–1300 total, 400–500 of which were soldiers[5] |
Armament | 40–80 guns[5]/ 800 guns[6][7] |
The Ganj-i-Sawai (
Capture by pirates
In August 1695, Henry Every, captaining the 46-gun, 5th rate frigate Fancy, reached the Mandab Strait, where he teamed up with five other pirate ships, including Thomas Tew's 8-gun, 46-man sloop-of-war Amity, Richard Want in Dolphin, Joseph Faro in Portsmouth Adventure, Thomas Wake in Susannah, and William Maze in Pearl. Although a Mughal convoy of 25 ships bound for India had eluded the pirate fleet during the night, the following day they encountered Ganj-i-Sawai and her escort Fateh Muhammed, which carried 94 guns herself and was even larger in size than the Ganj-i-Sawai but didn’t have as many crewmen, with both stragglers passing the straits en route to Surat.
Every and his men attacked Fateh Muhammed, which had earlier repulsed an attack by Amity, killing Captain Tew. Perhaps intimidated by Fancy's 46 guns or weakened by their earlier battle with Tew, Fateh Muhammed's crew put up little resistance, and Every's pirates sacked the ship and came away with £40,000 worth of treasure.
Every now sailed in pursuit of Ganj-i-Sawai, overtaking her about eight days out of Surat. Ganj-i-Sawai was a fearsome opponent, mounting 62 guns and carrying four to five hundred guards armed with small arms,[8] as well as six hundred other passengers. But the opening volley evened the odds, as one of the Ganj-i-Sawai's cannons exploded, killing some of its gunners and causing great confusion and demoralization among the crew, while Every's broadside shot his enemy's mainmast by the board. The larger Fancy drew alongside, and a number of her 113-man crew clambered aboard, overpowering the crew, passengers, and slaves of Ganj-i-Sawai.
The victorious pirates then subjected their captives to several days of horror, murdering prisoners at will, and using torture to force them to reveal the location of the ships' treasure.
The loot from Ganj-i-Sawai totaled between £325,000 and £600,000, including "some 500,000
In response to the capture of Ganj-i-Sawai, the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, sent his army to five key ports for English trade in India — Bombay, Surat, Broach, Agra, and Ahmedabad — to close them. Aurangzeb effectively cut off English trade with India as he refused to reopen the ports until Henry Every was caught and executed for his crimes. The East India Company reconciled with the Mughal Emperor by fully compensating his losses, and filed an insurance claim for £350,000,[11] though Mughal authorities demanded this amount be doubled. The desire to see Every executed led to the first truly global manhunt in history, though he and the majority of his crew would never be caught. Six members of his crew were captured, tried, and executed, though they were not found guilty of seizing Ganj-i-Sawai, but rather a different ship.[12]
In popular culture
The Ganj-i-Sawai heist and its loot feature prominently in the 2016 video game Uncharted 4: A Thief's End.
Gallery
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Ganj-i-Sawai being chased by Every's fleet. The ship is mistakenly depicted as an East Indiaman.
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Illustration of Ganj-i-Sawai (center) being attacked.
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An Indian kotiya (known as ghanjah to the Arabs). Ganj-i-Sawai would be similar to this.
See also
- Rahīmī (Mughal ship)
- Child's War
- Dhow
- Baghlah
- Ghanjah
- Chinese treasure ship
- Javanese jong
Citations
- ^ a b Safdar, Aiysha; Azam Kalan, Muhammad (January–June 2021). "History of Indian Ocean-A South Asian Perspective" (PDF). Journal of Indian Studies. 7 (1): 183–200.
- ^ Johnson 2020, p. 120.
- ^ Baer 2005, p. 101.
- ^ "Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Tha'na (2 pts.) - Google Books". 1882. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ^ a b Saletore 1978, p. 54—55.
- ^ Kaushik Roy (2015, p. 194)
- ^ Roy (1972, p. XII)
- ISBN 9781550024098. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- ISBN 9781611685275.
- ISBN 9780191668654. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- ISBN 9780071474764.
- ^ "The trial of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, Wm. Bishop, James Lewis, and John Sparkes, at the Old-Bailey, for felony and piracy". A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors. 13 (392, column 451). 1812.
References
- Baer, Joel (2005). Pirates of the British Isles. Tempus. ISBN 9780752423043.
- Botting, Douglas (1978). The Seafarers: The Pirates. Time-Life Books. pp. 82–83.
- Johnson, Steven (2020). Enemy of All Mankind: A True Story of Piracy, Power, and History's First Global Manhunt. Riverhead Books. ISBN 9780735211605.
- Roy, Atul Chandra (1968). History of Bengal: Mughal Period, 1526-1765 A.D. Calcutta: Nababharat Publishers.
- Roy, Atul Chandra (1972). A history of Mughal navy and naval warfares. World Press. pp. XII. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
- Kaushik Roy (2015). Warfare in Pre-British India - 1500BCE to 1740CE. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-58691-3.
- Saletore, Rajaram Narayan (1978). Indian Pirates. Concept Publishing Company.
- Woodard, Colin (2007). The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Orlando, FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 20–23. ISBN 978-0-15-101302-9.