HMS Aurora (12)

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For other ships with the same name, see HMS Aurora.

Aurora, July 1942
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Aurora
Builder
Portsmouth Dockyard
Laid down27 July 1935
Launched20 August 1936
Commissioned12 November 1937
DecommissionedApril 1946
IdentificationPennant number: 12
FateSold on 19 May 1948 to the Nationalist Chinese Navy
Republic of China
NameChung King
NamesakeChongqing
Acquired19 May 1948
FateDefected to Communist China, 25 February 1949
People's Republic of China
NameTchoung King
AcquiredFebruary 1949
Renamed
  • Huang He (1959)
  • Pei Ching (1965)
  • Kuang Chou
FateSunk by ROC aircraft, March 1949. Later refloated and converted for other purposes. Scrapped during Cultural Revolution
General characteristics
Class and typeArethusa-class light cruiser
Displacement
  • 5,220 tons standard load
  • 6,665 tons full load
Length506 ft (154 m)
Beam51 ft (16 m)
Draught14 ft (4.3 m)
Propulsion
  • Four Parsons geared steam turbines
  • Four Admiralty 3-drum oil-fired boilers
  • Four shafts
  • 64,000 shp
Speed32 knots (59 km/h)
RangeUnknown; 1,325 tons fuel oil
Complement500
Armament
  • Original configuration:
  • 6 ×
    BL 6-inch (152 mm) guns
  • 4 ×
    QF 4-inch (102 mm) single Mk V AA guns
  • 2 ×
    0.5-inch (12.7 mm) quadruple machine guns
  • 2 ×
    21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes
    (triple mount)
  • April 1941 configuration:
  • 3 × 6-inch (152 mm) dual guns
  • 2 × 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom quad AA guns
  • 3 × 20 mm Oerlikon single AA guns
  • 2 × 0.5-inch quadruple machine guns
  • 2 × 21-inch (533 mm) triple torpedo tubes.
  • December 1943 configuration:
  • 3 × 6-inch (152 mm) dual guns
  • 2 × 40 mm
    Bofors
    quad AA guns
  • 4 × 20 mm Oerlikon dual power-operated AA guns
  • 3 × 20 mm Oerlikon single AA guns
  • 2 × 0.5-inch quadruple machine guns
  • 2 × 21-inch (533 mm) triple torpedo tubes[1][2]
Armour
Aircraft carriedOne aircraft (later removed)

HMS Aurora was an Arethusa-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was built by Portsmouth Dockyard, with the keel being laid down on 27 July 1935. She was launched on 20 August 1936, and commissioned 12 November 1937.

History

Aurora served with the

Norwegian Campaign she participated in the operations hunting the German battleship Bismarck and, with the cruiser Kenya
, intercepted one of the German supply ships, Belchen, on 3 June 1941.

Aurora in the North Atlantic, 1940

Between July and August 1941, as part of

Mediterranean and arrived in Malta on 21 October 1941 to join a new Force K.[3]

On 9 November 1941 leading Force K, consisting of HMS Penelope, HMS Lance and HMS Lively, she was involved in the destruction of the Beta Convoy. In the resulting battle the Italian destroyer Fulmine was sunk, as well as the German transports Duisburg and San Marco, the Italian transports Maria, Sagitta and Rina Corrado, and the Italian Conte di Misurata and Minatitlan. The Italian destroyers Grecale and Euro were damaged.[4]

On 24 November Force K, made up of the British light cruisers Aurora and Penelope and the destroyers Lance and Lively, intercepted an Axis convoy about 100 nautical miles west of Crete. The Axis convoy was bound from the Aegean to Benghazi. The two German transports in the convoy, Maritza and Procida were both sunk by HMS Penelope and HMS Lively despite the presence of the Italian torpedo boats Lupo and Cassiopea. On 1 December 1941 Force K with HMS Penelope and HMS Lively attacked the Mantovani Convoy. The Italian destroyer

Alvise Da Mosto and the sole cargo ship Mantovani were sunk.[5]

HMS Aurora also participated in the First Battle of Sirte on 17 December 1941. On 19 December while steaming off Tripoli she was heavily damaged in a mine field and was forced to retire to Malta.[6]

After her return to the Mediterranean she joined

Bône against the Axis evacuation and supply convoys between Trapani and Tunis
.

Then, as a unit of the 15th Cruiser Squadron, she participated in the

Castellorizo, sustaining a 500 kg bomb hit abaft the after funnel. The explosion and subsequent fire killed 47 crew. Aurora was forced to withdraw to Taranto for repairs which lasted until April 1944.[7] In August 1944 she was at the landings in the south of France, then returned to the Aegean, where she assisted in the liberation of Athens. One notable member of crew was the actor Kenneth More, who used his theatre skills in his role as 'action broadcaster' to describe to the crew below decks via the public address system what was happening when the ship was in action.[8]

Chinese service

After the war Aurora was sold on 19 May 1948 to the

Communists with the ship. Her name in Chinese remained unchanged but the Communists romanised the name differently, as Tchoung King. In March 1949 she was sunk in Huludao harbour by Nationalist aircraft. She was later salvaged with Soviet assistance but then stripped bare as "repayment". The original engines were sent to the Shanghai Department of Electricity, and were replaced with engines from the scuttled coastal defence ship Hai Yung.[9] The empty hulk spent the rest of her life as an accommodation and warehouse ship, being subsequently renamed Huang He (Yellow River) in 1959, when it was transferred to Shanghai on 27 October of that year to be converted to a salvage ship at a planned budget of 3 million ¥. After spending 276,000 ¥, the conversion project was cancelled, and the ship was once again transferred, this time to Tianjin in June 1965, used as a barracks ship and renamed Pei Ching. She was scrapped at some point during the Cultural Revolution.[10] Her name tablet and ship's bell were preserved in the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution.[11]

Commanding officers

Footnotes

  1. ^ Lenton & Colledge 1968 p.41
  2. ^ Campbell 1985 p.34
  3. ISBN 0-646-07198-X
  4. ISBN 978-1-59114-648-3
    .
  5. ISBN 978-1-59114-648-3
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-59114-648-3
    .
  7. ^ "HMS Aurora, British light cruiser, WW2".
  8. ^ "Kenneth More, 67 CBE (1914-1982) actor". YouTube.
  9. ^ Chinese Naval History Research Association, ed. (2013). "Chongqing's Uprising". Modern Ships (11b): 62.
  10. ^ Chinese Naval History Research Association, ed. (2013). "Chongqing's Uprising". Modern Ships (11b): 62.
  11. ^ "Plates of Cruiser Chongqing". Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

References

External links

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