Heliobacteria

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Heliobacteria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Clostridia
Order: Eubacteriales
Family: Heliobacteriaceae
Madigan & Asao 2010
Genera[1]

Heliobacteria are a unique subset of prokaryotic bacteria that process light for energy. Distinguishable from other phototrophic bacteria, they utilize a unique photosynthetic pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g and are the only known Gram-positive phototroph.[2] They are a key player in symbiotic nitrogen fixation alongside plants, and use a type I reaction center like green-sulfur bacteria.[3][4]

RNA trees place the heliobacteria among the Bacillota.[5] They have no outer membrane and like certain other Bacillota (Clostridia), they form heat-resistant endospores, which contain high levels of calcium and dipicolinic acid. Heliobacteria are the only Bacillota known to be phototrophic.

Metabolism

The heliobacteria are phototrophic: they convert light energy into chemical energy using a

Phototrophic processes take place at the cell membrane, which does not form folds or compartments as it does in purple bacteria. Though heliobacteria are phototrophic, they can create energy without light using pyruvate fermentation, which generates significantly less energy than it could with light.[8]

Heliobacteria are

aerobic conditions). Heliobacteria have been found in soils,[9] hot springs,[10] soda lakes[11][12] and are common in the waterlogged soils of paddy fields.[9] They are avid nitrogen fixers, so are probably important in the fertility of paddy fields.[9] Heliobacteria are mainly terrestrial phototrophs, contrary to the multitudes of others that are aquatic, and often form mutualistic relationships with the plants near them.[13]

Taxonomy

Heliobacteria should not be confused with Helicobacter, which is a genus of bacteria with quite different characteristics.

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[14] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[15]

16S rRNA based
LTP_01_2022[16][17][18] and 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[19][20][21]

Heliorestis Bryantseva et al. 2000

Heliophilum Ormerod et al. 1996

Heliobacillus Beer-Romero and Gest 1998

Heliobacterium Gest and Favinger 1985

Heliomicrobium Kyndt et al. 2021

See also

References

  1. ^ [Madigan M T, Martinko J M, Dunlap P V, Clark D P. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition, p. 453-454].
  2. ISSN 0065-2296
    .
  3. ISBN 9780123786319
    .
  4. ISBN 9780123739445
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1405189750
    .
  6. ^ Heinickel and Golbeck 2007
  7. PMID 28751471
    .
  8. ^ "Fermentation, mitochondria and regulation | Biological Principles". bioprinciples.biosci.gatech.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  9. ^
    ISBN 9780306479540
  10. S2CID 5551453
    .
  11. S2CID 6885589
    .
  12. S2CID 22557416
    .
  13. S2CID 10052124
    .
  14. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Heliobacteriaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  15. ^ Sayers; et al. "Heliobacteriaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  16. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  17. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  18. ^ "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  19. ^ "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  20. ^ "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.

Further reading

  • Gest H & Favinger J L (1983) Arch Microbiol 136:11-16.
  • Madigan M T (1992) In Balows et al. (eds) The Prokaryotes pp. 1981–1992 Springer New York.
  • Madigan M T & Ormerod J G (1995) In Blankenship et al. (eds) Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria pp 17–30. Kluwer Academic Publishers New York.
  • Ormerod J G et al. (1996) Arch Microbiol 165:226-234.
  • Madigan M T, Martinko J M, Dunlap P V, Clark D P. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th edition, p. 453-454
  • Heinnickel M & Golbeck J H (2007) Photosynthesis Research 92:35-53
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