List of the oldest mosques

The oldest mosques in the world can refer to the oldest, surviving mosque building or to the oldest mosque congregation. There is also a distinction between old mosque buildings in continuous use as mosques and others no longer used as mosques. In terms of congregations, there are early established congregations that have been in continuous existence, and early congregations that ceased to exist.

The major regions, such as Africa and Eurasia, are sorted alphabetically, and the minor regions, such as Arabia and South Asia, are sorted by the dates in which their first mosques were reportedly established, more or less, barring those that are mentioned by name in the Quran.

To be listed here a site must:

be the oldest mosque in a country, large city (top 50), or oldest of its type (denomination, architectural, etc.);
be the oldest congregation of its type (denomination).

Mentioned in the Quran

The following are treated as the oldest mosques or sanctuaries^[1] mentioned in the Quran:^[2]

Building	Location	Country	First built	Notes
Al-Haram Mosque	Mecca	Saudi Arabia	Unknown, considered the oldest mosque, associated with Abraham^[1]	Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām,^{Muslims), and the first mosque^[10]^[11] in Islamic thought.^[12]^[13] Rebuilt many times, notably 1571 by the Ottomans , and the late 20th century by the Saudis, further enlargement under way since 2010.}
Haram al-Sharif, also known as the Al-Aqsa Mosque Compound	Jerusalem (old city)	Palestine	Considered the second oldest mosque in Islamic tradition,^[14] associated with Abraham.^[1] The Al-Aqsa Mosque in 705.	Al-Masjid al-Aqṣá,^{Isra and Mi'raj)^[16], considered the third holiest site in Islam. The Qur'an does not specify the precise location of "the furthest place of prayer", and its meaning was debated by early Islamic scholars.^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] Eventually, a consensus emerged its identification with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.^[19]^[21]} The term Al-Aqsa properly refers to the whole Temple Mount compound (seen as a single mosque).[b] The mosque compound should not be confused with the silver-domed congregational mosque or prayer hall facing Mecca, commonly referred to in English as Al-Aqsa Mosque, and also known as Al-Qibli Mosque (see below).
The Sacred Monument	Muzdalifah	Saudi Arabia	Unknown	Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām^[23] a site of the Hajj.^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]
Quba Mosque	Medina	Saudi Arabia	622	The first mosque built by Muhammad in the 7th century CE, possibly mentioned as the "Mosque founded on piety since the first day"^[28] in the Quran.^{[citation needed]} Largely rebuilt in the late 20th century.

Africa

Northeast Africa

Northeast Africa
Building	Location	Country	First built	Tradition	Notes
Mosque of the Companions	Massawa	Eritrea	620s–630s		Believed by some to be the first mosque in Africa and built by the companions of Muhammad in the 7th century.^[29]
Al Nejashi Mosque	Negash	Ethiopia	7th century		By tradition, the burial site of several followers of Muhammad who, during his lifetime, fled to the Aksumite Kingdom to escape persecution in Mecca.^[30] It was recently^[when?] renovated by TIKA, a Turkish cooperation organization.^[31]
Mosque of Amr ibn al-As	Cairo	Egypt	641		Named after Muslim conquest of Egypt. First mosque in Egypt and claimed to be the first mosque in Africa.^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]
Mosque of Ibn Tulun	Cairo	Egypt	879
Al-Azhar Mosque	Cairo	Egypt	972	Sunni
Arba'a Rukun Mosque	Mogadishu	Somalia	1268/9	Sunni

Northwest Africa

Northwest Africa
Building	Location	Country	First built	Tradition	Notes
Great Mosque of Kairouan	Kairouan	Tunisia	670	Sunni	Believed to be the first mosque in the Aghlabids, with further restorations and additions in later periods.^[36] ^: 366
Sidi Ghanem Mosque [fr]	Mila	Algeria	675		The Mosque was built in 675 by Abu al-Muhajir Dinar, the governor of Ifriqiya, from 674 to 681 on behalf of the Umayyads. It was established near a Byzantine basilica, and contains many ancient materials (ornaments, columns, etc.). It is also rather oriented towards the South, a unique fact in the Maghreb, which evokes the first mosques of the Mashreq.
Sidi Okba Mosque	Sidi Okba	Algeria	686–1025		Mosque and tomb dated between 686 and 1025, starting with the tomb in 686. The mosque was subsequently built around it.^[37]
Al-Zaytuna Mosque	Tunis	Tunisia	698	Sunni	There are some doubts about the exact foundation date: usually attributed to 698 but it could have been a bit later in 734.^{Aghlabids,^[40] with further modifications and renovations in later eras.^[38]}
Bu Ftata Mosque	Sousse	Tunisia	838–841		Dated by an inscription to the reign of Abu Iqal al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim (838–841). Minaret added later under the Hafsids.^[41]^: 33
Great Mosque of Sfax	Sfax	Tunisia	849		Exact construction date uncertain, but probably around 849.^[41]^: 37
Great Mosque of Sousse	Sousse	Tunisia	851		^[42]
Al-Qarawiyyin mosque	Fez	Morocco	859		Some doubts exist about its foundation;^{Almoravids between 1135 and 1143.^[45]}
Mosque of the Andalusians	Fez	Morocco	859		There are doubts about its foundation; and the oldest parts of the present building date from the 10th century.^{Almohads between 1203 and 1207.^[46]}
Al-Naqah Mosque	Tripoli	Libya	973		Oldest Islamic monument in Tripoli,^[47] though its history is not well-known.^[41]^{: 218–219} Likely built by the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz, though it may be older.^[47] Reconstructed in 1019 AH (1610/1611CE).^[41]^{: 218–219}
Great Mosque of Tlemcen	Tlemcen	Algeria	1082		Founded under the Almoravids, decoration completed or redone in 1136 by another Almoravid ruler. Important renovation and additions took place in 1236 under the first Zayyanid ruler.^[48]
Ksar Mosque	Tunis	Tunisia	1106
Kutubiyya Mosque	Marrakesh	Morocco	1147

Southeast Africa

Southeast Africa (including nearby islands of the Indian Ocean, but barring countries that are also in Southern Africa)
Building	Location	Country	First built	Notes
Shanga Mosque	Shanga, Pate Island	Kenya	830	Foundation discovered, with coins attesting dates, during the 1980s excavations. The earliest concrete evidence of Muslims in East Africa.^[49]^: 97
Great Mosque of Kilwa	Kilwa Kisiwani	Tanzania	1000–1100
Kizimkazi Mosque	Dimbani	Tanzania	1107	According to an inscription.^[50]
Tsingoni Mosque	Tsingoni, Mayotte	France	1538	^[51]
Al-Fatah Mosque (Green Mosque)	Kigali	Rwanda	1913	Founded by coastal Tanzanian Muslims who came to Rwanda to work in the German administration, of what was then German East Africa.^[52]

Southern Africa

Southern Africa
Building	Location	Country	First built	Notes
Auwal Mosque	Cape Colony	South Africa	1798	Recognised as the first mosque established in the country, at the time Cape Colony.^[53]
Palm Tree Mosque	Cape Colony	South Africa	1807	Building constructed in 1788 (237 years ago) (1788).
Masjid al-Qudama	Uitenhage, Eastern Cape	South Africa	1849	It has been deduced that the mosque was a completed in March 1849^[54]
Grey Street Mosque (Juma Mosque)	Durban	South Africa	1881	^[55]
Soofie Masjid	Butha Buthe	Lesotho	1900	Founded by Soofie Saheb at the turn of the century; the community is described as African Muslim yet speaking an Indian language.^[49]^: 115
Habibia Soofie Saheb Jamia Masjid	Rylands, Cape Town	South Africa	1905
Lobatse Masjid	Lobatse	Botswana	1960s	Founded by Indian Muslims who were brought over during the British colonial period.^[56]
Ezulwini Mosque	Ezulwini, near Mbabane	Eswatini	1982	^[57]

West Africa

West Africa
Building	Location	Country	First built	Notes
Larabanga Mosque	Larabanga	Ghana	1421	The oldest existing mud-brick mosque in Ghana.
Great Mosque of Kano	Kano	Nigeria	15th century	Built in for Emir Muhammad Rumfa
Agadez Mosque	Agadez	Niger	1515	Niger's oldest mosque.
Grand Mosque, Sokodé	Sokodé	Togo	1820	^[58]

Americas

North America

North America (including Central America and island-states of the Caribbean Sea)
Building	Location	Country	First built	Tradition	Notes
Al-Sadiq Mosque	Chicago, Illinois	United States	1922	Ahmadiyya	Oldest extant mosque in the Americas.
Mother Mosque of America (Moslem Temple)	Cedar Rapids, Iowa	United States	1934		Oldest extant purpose-built mosque in the United States
Al-Rashid Mosque	Edmonton, Alberta	Canada	1938		First purpose-built mosque in Canada.
	Spanish Town	Jamaica	1950s		Constructed by the Islamic Society of Jamaica, which was founded in 1950.^[59]
Bridgetown Mosque	Bridgetown	Barbados	1957		First purpose-built mosque in Barbados.^[60]
Omar bin Al-Khattab Mosque	Willemstad, Curaçao	Netherlands	1965		^[61]
		Haiti	1985		Converted private residence.^[62]
Suraya Mosque	Torreón	Mexico	1989	Shi'ite	Built by the immigrants from the Middle East living in Torreón.
Omar Mosque	San José	Costa Rica	1995	Sunni	Founded by the Islamic Cultural Association of Costa Rica.^[63]
	Belize City	Belize	c. 2008		Founded by Belizeans who converted to Islam while in the United States.^[64]^[65]
Boukman Buhara Mosque	Cap-Haïtien	Haiti	2016		First purpose-built mosque in Haiti; includes a minaret. Constructed following the 2010 Haiti earthquake.^[66]

South America

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[9] Quran 48:25–27.^[8]

[24] According to historian Oleg Grabar, "It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram). While the exact early history of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca's sanctuary, al-masjid al-ḥarâm,"^[22]

[Michigan_C_1986-1] 
ISBN 978-0-9187-2058-0
.

[Cite_quran|17|1|e=7|s=ns-2] 
Quran 17:1-7 Quran 17:1–7

[Cite_quran|2|144|e=217|s=ns-3] Quran 2:144–217

[Cite_quran|5|2|t=y|s=ns-4] Quran 5:2 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

[Cite_quran|8|34|t=y|s=ns-5] Quran 8:34 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

[Cite_quran|9|7|e=28|s=ns-6] Quran 9:7–28

[Cite_quran|22|25|t=y|s=ns-7] Quran 22:25 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

[Cite_quran|48|25|e=27|s=ns-8] Quran 48:25–27

[Cite_quran|2|127|t=y|s=ns-10] Quran 2:127 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

[Cite_quran|3|96|t=y|s=ns-11] Quran 3:96 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

[Cite_quran|22|25|e=37|s=ns-12] Quran 22:25–37

[Lings-13] Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now, M. Lings, pg. 39, Archetype

[Zeitlin-14] ISBN 978-0745654881
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[NG-15] ISBN 978-0-471-74117-6
. Retrieved June 15, 2022. Al 'Aqsa is the second oldest mosque in Islam after the Kaaba in Mecca and is third in holiness after the mosques in Mecca and Medina. It holds up to 400,000 worshippers at one time.

[16] "The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem: The Islamic Vision. The Islamic Quarterly. 4 (1998): pp.233–242

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[:9-19] Khalek, N. (2011). Jerusalem in Medieval Islamic Tradition. Religion Compass, 5(10), 624–630. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00305.x. "One of the most pressing issues in both medieval and contemporary scholarship related to Jerusalem is weather the city is explicitly referenced in the text of the Qur'an. Sura 17, verse 1, which reads [...] has been variously interpreted as referring to the miraculous Night Journey and Ascension of Muhammad, events recorded in medieval sources and known as the isra and miraj. As we will see, this association is a rather late and even a contested one. [...] The earliest Muslim work on the Religious Merits of Jerusalem was the Fada'il Bayt al-Maqdis by al-Walid ibn Hammad al-Ramli (d. 912 CE), a text which is recoverable from later works. [...] He relates the significance of Jerusalem vis-a-vis the Jewish Temple, conflating 'a collage of biblical narratives' and comments pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a practice which was controversial in later Muslim periods."

[Colby20082-20] 
ISBN 978-0-7914-7788-5. Archived
from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2018. If Muslims interpret the qur'anic phrase "the sacred place of prayer" in diverse ways, one encounters even more debate over the destination of the night journey, the "furthest place of prayer". From the earliest extant Muslim texts, it becomes clear that a group of Muslims from the beginning interpreted "furthest place of prayer" with the city of Jerusalem in general and its Herodian/Solomonic Temple in particular. It is equally clear that other early Muslims disputed this connection, identifying the "furthest place of prayer" instead as a reference to a site in the heavens. Eventually a general consensus formed around the idea that Muhammad's journey did indeed take him to Jerusalem. Even if the night journey verse were thought to refer first and foremost to the terrestrial portion of Muhammad's journey, nevertheless for centuries scholars and storytellers also continued to connect this verse with the idea of an ascent through the levels of the heavens.

[:10-21] JSTOR 4629098
. Bevan has shown that among early traditionists there are many who do not accept the identification of the masjid al-aqsd, and among them are to be found such great names as al-Bukhari and Tabarl. Both Ibn Ishaq an al-Ya'qubi precede their accounts with expressions which indicate that these are stories which are not necessarily accepted as dogma. It was suggested by J. Horovitz that in the early period of Islam there is little justification for assuming that the Koranic expression in any way referred to Jerusalem. But while Horovitz thought that it referred to a place in heaven, A. Guillaume's careful analysis of the earliest texts (al-Waqidi and al-Azraqi, both in the later second century A.H.) has convincingly shown that the Koranic reference to the masjid al-aqsa applies specifically to al-Ji'ranah, near Mekkah, where there were two sanctuaries (masjid al-adnai and masjid al-aqsa), and where Muhammad so-journed in dha al-qa'dah of the eighth year after the Hijrah.

[22] Busse, H. (1968). The sanctity of Jerusalem in Islam. Judaism, 17(4), 441. "Tradition varies as to the location of the Ascension; Syrian local tradition was able to prevail, by maintaining that the Ascension started in Jerusalem rather than in Mecca, directly following the Night Journey".

[23] Grabar 2000, p. 203.

[Cite_quran|2|129|t=y|s=ns-25] Quran 2:129 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

[Long1979-26] ISBN 978-0-8739-5382-5
. With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah, the potential is there for one of ... There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) ...

[Danarto1989-27] ISBN 978-0-8674-6939-4
. It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj . We scrambled out of the bus and looked ...

[Jones2005-28] ISBN 978-0-0286-5743-1
. The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt ...

[BadawiSardar1978-29] ISBN 978-0-8566-4681-2
. Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart ...

[Cite_quran|9|108|t=y|s=ns-30] Quran 9:108 ^{(Translated by Yusuf Ali)}

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holiest site

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Temple Mount

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Building	Location	Country	First built	Tradition	Notes
		Suriname	1906		Built by immigrant Javanese rice farmers, in the Netherlands colony of the time.^[67]
Mesquita Brasil	São Paulo	Brazil	1929		Previous site built in 1929;^[68] current building inaugurated in 1952. First known mosque in Brazil.^[69]
		Panama	1930	Ahmadiyya	^[70]^: 453–
	El Paraíso, Caracas	Venezuela	1968		^[70]^: 453–
At-Tauhid Mosque	Buenos Aires	Argentina	1983	Shi'ite	Opened in October 1983 with the support of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Argentina.^[71] It is a very simple building with a subtle Islamic style in its facade.^[72]
Mezquita as-Salam	Santiago	Chile	1995		Commissioned 1989, inaugurated in 1995.^[73]
Mohammed VI Mosque	Coquimbo	Chile	2007

Building	Location	Country	First built	Notes
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi	Medina	Saudi Arabia	622	Second holiest site in Islam (after Al-Haram Mosque) and Muhammad's mosque, which houses his tomb in what was initially his and his wife green dome atop the prophet's mausoleum.
Masjid al-Qiblatain	Medina	Saudi Arabia	623	Mosque originally with two Qiblah walls: One facing Jerusalem, the first Qiblah and another facing Mecca
Jawatha Mosque	Al-Kilabiyah	Saudi Arabia	629/639	Has recently^[when?] been renovated^{[citation needed]} and prayers are still held in this mosque.^[74]^[75]^[76]
Great Mosque of Sana'a	Sana'a	Yemen	7th century	Possibly the oldest mosque in the country.
Mazin Mosque	Samail	Oman	7th century	Founded by Mazin Ben Ghadooba, who is considered to be the first Omani to adopt Islam during Muhammad's lifetime.^{better source needed ]}
Al-Shawadhna Mosque	Nizwa	Oman	628–629 (possibly)	Original foundation attributed by some to 7 AH (628/629CE). A construction or renovation dated to 1529 CE is recorded by an inscription above the mihrab.^[78]^[79]
Al-Hadi Mosque	Sa'dah	Yemen	897
Khamis Mosque	Khamis, Manama	Bahrain	1000–1200 (approximate)	Though most of the structure is dated to the 11th or 12th century,^{Caliph Omar in the 600s.^[81]}
Mosque in Al-Ain	Al Ain	United Arab Emirates	1000s (Islamic Golden Age)	Possible the oldest mosque in the country.^[82]^[83]
Al Badiyah Mosque	Fujairah	United Arab Emirates	1400s	Some much earlier estimates have been proposed.^[84]

Building	Location	Country	First built	Notes
Huaisheng Mosque	Guangzhou	China	627	Originally built by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, who was an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was named in memory of Muhammad. Rebuilt many times since.
Xianxian Mosque	Guangzhou City	China	629	The mosque was originally built in 629 during the Tang dynasty.
Great Mosque of Xi'an	Xi'an, Shaanxi	China	742	Although the oldest stones date from the 18th century,^[85] the mosque was founded in 742.^[86]^[87]
Jamia Mosque	Hong Kong	China	1890	Then British Hong Kong
Taipei Grand Mosque	Taipei	Taiwan	1947	Oldest and most famous mosque in Taiwan. Original building was firstly used in 1947, then relocated to a new site where it was reconstructed in 1960.
Kaohsiung Mosque	Taipei	Taiwan	1949	The second oldest mosque in Taiwan. The original building was built in 1949, then moved to a new location where the second building was built in 1951, and the third and final building built in 1992.
Macau Mosque	Macau	China	1980	The first and only mosque in Macau, then Portuguese Macau.

Building	Image	Location	Country	First built	Tradition	Notes
Kobe Mosque		Kobe	Japan	1935		Designed in the Turkish style by a Czech architect, confiscated by the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1943, and later returned.^[88]
Seoul Central Mosque		Seoul	South Korea	1976		^[89]

Building	Location	Country	First built	Tradition	Notes
Al-Omari Grand Mosque	Beirut	Lebanon	635	Sunni	The mihrab is the oldest part of the mosque, dating back to the Caliphate of Umar.
Al-Qibli Mosque (al-Jami' al-Aqsa)	Jerusalem (old city)	Palestine	637		A Muslim Umar ibn Al-Khattab .
Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque	Aleppo	Syria	637
Ibrahimi Mosque	Hebron	Palestine	637		^[90]
Great Mosque of Aleppo	Aleppo	Syria	715
Umayyad Mosque	Damascus	Syria	715	Sunni	Fourth holiest site and the national mosque of Syria. It was originally built after the Muslim conquest of the city in 634. The current structure dates to 715.
White Mosque	Ramla	Israel	720
Al-Omari Mosque	Bosra	Syria	721
Great Mosque of Raqqa	Raqqa	Syria	772
Arab Ahmet Mosque	Arab Ahmet quarter of Nicosia	Cyprus	Late 16th century		The mosque is named after a commander of the 1571 Ottoman army who made an expedition in 1571.^[91]^[92]

List of the oldest mosques

Mentioned in the Quran

Africa

Northeast Africa

Northwest Africa

Southeast Africa

Southern Africa

West Africa

Americas

North America

South America

Asia

Arabian Peninsula

Central Asia

China and Taiwan

East Asia

Levant

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Southwest Asia

Transcaucasia

Europe

Central and Eastern Europe

Iberian Peninsula

Russia

Scandinavia

United Kingdom and Ireland

Western Europe

Oceania

Australasia

Melanesia

See also

Notes

References

External links