Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) | |||||||
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Part of the Hezbollah–Israel conflict, the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war | |||||||
Israel Attested Hezbollah presence in Lebanon Lebanon under Israeli control Syria Golan Heights (Israeli-occupied) Areas ordered evacuated by Israel See here for a more detailed map | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Hezbollah[1] |
Israel Allies: | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Benjamin Netanyahu Israel Katz Herzi Halevi Ori Gordin Tomer Bar | |||||||
Units involved | |||||||
List of units:
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List of units:
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
Lebanon:
Per Israel:
Syria:
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Israel: Per Hezbollah:
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842,000[69] – 1.4 million+ Lebanese displaced[70] 96,000 Israelis displaced[71] 202 Syrian refugees killed by Israeli forces[72] | |||||||
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On 8 October 2023, Hezbollah started firing guided
In northern Israel, the ongoing conflict has forced approximately 96,000 individuals to leave their homes,
There was a significant escalation in September 2024, starting with the
Background
Founding of Hezbollah
Hezbollah is a Lebanese
Elimination of the state of Israel has been a primary goal for Hezbollah from its inception.[94][95][96] Hezbollah opposes the government and policies of the State of Israel.[97][98]
Palestinian factions in Lebanon
Since the
UN Security Council Resolution 1701
A ceasefire was reached between Israel and Hezbollah at the end of the
Since 2006, Hezbollah fortified southern Lebanon,[106] obstructed UNIFIL's access, built tunnels into Israel, and crossed the Blue Line.[107][108] Israel has also accused Hezbollah of using a local environmental organization as a front for its military activities near the Blue Line.[109][110] After retreating behind the Blue Line in 2000,[111][112] Israel reoccupied the whole of Ghajar in 2006, including the Lebanese part of the village.[113][114] Israel continues to occupy Ghajar and an adjacent area,[105][111] and has repeatedly breached Lebanese airspace, waters, and borders.[115][116][117] UNIFIL reports that Israel entered Lebanese airspace on more than 22,000 occasions between 2007–2021.[118][119]
April and July 2023 skirmishes
On 6 April 2023, in response to the
The attacks were the largest escalation between the two countries since the 2006 Lebanon War.[121] The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) described the situation as "extremely serious" and urged restraint.[121]
On 15 July, the IDF fired warning shots and used riot dispersal munitions on 18 people, including journalists and parliamentarians that crossed the border from Lebanon and walked 80 meters into Israeli-occupied territory.[122]
Israel–Hamas war
On 8 October 2023, a day after
Hezbollah has stated it will continue attacking Israel until Israel halts its operations in Gaza,[129] where over 40,000 Palestinians have been killed.[130][131] Israel demanded that Hezbollah implement UNSC 1701 and withdraw its forces north of the Litani River.[132][133] Diplomatic efforts, led by U.S. envoy Amos Hochstein and France, have so far been unsuccessful in resolving the conflict.[134][135]
In November 2023, Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant warned that Beirut could meet the same fate as Gaza.[136] He made the same warning in January 2024.[137] In June 2024, Gallant visited the United States, seeking support for an escalation of the war with Hezbollah and a possible ground invasion in Lebanon.[138]
Events
October 2023
Shebaa farms attack and response
In the morning of 8 October, Hezbollah fired rockets and shells at the Shebaa Farms region in support of Hamas' attack onto Israel; in response, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) fired artillery shells and a drone into southern Lebanon.[139][140][141] Two Lebanese children were reportedly injured by broken glass.[142]
The next day, Israel exchanged a series of airstrikes on southern Lebanon near the towns of Marwahin, Ayta ash Shab[143] and Dhayra in the Bint Jbeil district.[144] This was after numerous Palestinian militants infiltrated the Israeli border,[145] which Hezbollah denied involvement with. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad militia claimed responsibility for the armed infiltration. The IDF killed at least two perpetrators (likely Palestinians),[144] while a third returned to Lebanon.[146] A Hezbollah media source announced three of Hezbollah's members died in the IDF retaliation.[147] Hezbollah fired rockets and artillery in retaliation.[148] During the clashes, two Israeli soldiers and Lt. Col Alim Abdallah, Deputy Commander of the IDF's 300th Brigade, were killed and another three were wounded.[31]
On 11 October, Hezbollah fired anti-tank missiles at an IDF position and claimed to have produced casualties. In response, the IDF shelled the area where the attack was launched.
Hezbollah deputy chief Sheikh Naim Qassem said "when time comes for any action, we will carry it out," stating that Hezbollah was ready and would contribute to confrontations against Israel according to its own plan.[154] The IDF fired artillery, into southern Lebanon following an explosion that caused minor damage to a section of the Israel–Lebanon border wall near the kibbutz of Hanita.[155]
The IDF released footage of a drone attack which, according to them, killed three infiltrators from Lebanon near
On 15 October, Hezbollah launched five anti-tank missiles towards northern Israel killing one civilian and injuring three others in
Killing of Issam Abdallah
On 13 October, while a group of
A February 2024 report by the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon concluded that an Israeli tank killed Abdallah when it fired at "clearly identifiable journalists", and that this broke international law. The report "assessed that there was no exchange of fire across the Blue Line at the time of the incident", with no records of any exchange of fire across the border for the 40 minutes before the tank firing.[168] The IDF responded to the report by claiming that Hezbollah attacked them, prompting them to retaliate with tank fire.[168]
Further clashes in October
On 16 October,
Lebanese state media reported that Dhayra and other areas along the western section of the border came under "continuous" bombardment overnight.[171] In the early morning it was reported that multiple people were suffering from symptoms of suffocation after the IDF allegedly fired white phosphorus shells on the village.[172] Three people were injured after an anti-tank missile from Lebanon landed in the Israeli town of Metula.[173] Hezbollah announced that five of its members were killed on the same day but it was unclear if any had involvement in the border infiltration.[174]
On 19 October, the Lebanese Armed Forces said that one person was killed and another injured after a group of seven Iranian journalists were targeted with machine guns by Israel, although Iranian state media denied the claim and said that all its journalists were "alive and healthy".[175][176] UNIFIL peacekeepers said that one person was killed after civilians were caught in a cross-fire at the border in which the Lebanese Army requested assistance by UNIFIL to deescalate the situation. It was requested to Israel to suspend fire "to facilitate the rescue operation".[177][176]
Israel started evacuating the settlements located close to the border with Lebanon in October 2023 with more than 60 thousand evacuated by April 2024.[178][179]
In the early afternoon of 21 October, several rockets were fired from Lebanon toward the Shebaa Farms; there were no injuries. The IDF conducted a drone strike on the team of militants that launched the rockets.[180] A short while later, anti-tank guided missiles were fired from Lebanon toward Margaliot and Hanita; two foreign workers were injured. The IDF conducted airstrikes against the missile teams.[181] In the evening, another anti-tank guided missile was fired from Lebanon toward Bar'am. One IDF soldier was seriously injured and two others suffered minor injuries. The IDF responded with several airstrikes in southern Lebanon, some of which targeted other missile teams preparing attacks.[182]
The IDF conducted airstrikes against two Syrian military positions on 24 October in southwestern Syria, marking the first time the IDF publicly targeted the Syrian military since the Israel-Gaza war began.[183]
Hezbollah attacked 19 IDF military sites with missiles and artillery shells[184] and fired one-way attack drones at an IDF position for the first time since the conflict began.[185]
November 2023
In his widely awaited first speech since the start of the war in Gaza on 3 November, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said the presence of US warships in the Mediterranean "doesn't scare us".[186][187]
On 5 November, Hezbollah shot down an Israeli Elbit Hermes 450 drone over Nabatieh,[188] with wreckage falling over houses in the towns of Zabdin and Harouf.[189] One Israeli civilian was killed when anti-tank missiles hit the Yiftah kibbutz.[190]
Four people were reportedly injured after an Israeli bombing that hit two ambulances.[191] Later, an Israeli airstrike hit two civilian cars in Lebanon between the towns of Aynata and Aitaroun, killing one women, three of her granddaughters between the ages of 10 and 14, and severely injured her daughter.[192] In response, Hezbollah fired at Kiryat Shmona,[193] killing an Israeli civilian.[194]
The Al-Qassam Brigades took responsibility for firing 16 rockets from Lebanon targeting areas south of Haifa.[195] Meanwhile, Israel reported at least 30 rockets being fired in which the IDF fired back at the sources. Hezbollah and Al-Qassam brigades also conducted four cross-border attacks into northern Israel.[184] Hezbollah deputy general Naim Qassem said that the group could be forced into wider conflict over Israeli attacks in Gaza.[196]
On 10 November, Hezbollah launched anti-tank missiles into an IDF post in Manara which injured three soldiers. The IDF attacked the sources of fire in response.[197] Hezbollah conducted three drone attacks into northern Israel targeting IDF positions and civilians.[198] One drone was intercepted while two others landed on Israeli territory.[199] Seven Hezbollah members were killed during the clashes. The IDF shelled Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital, injuring a doctor. Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health condemned the attack, saying that "Israeli authorities were fully responsible for this unjustifiable act, which would have led to catastrophic results", and called for an investigation.[200]
The Amal Movement, an ally of Hezbollah, announced that a fighter was killed in a missile attack in the village of Rab El Thalathine which also wounded two other members on 11 November.[201] These were the first casualties from the group since it joined the fighting.[202]
On 12 November, Hezbollah anti-tank missile and mortar attacks killed an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation who was conducting repair work and injured 21 other Israelis, including seven IDF members and six of the fatality's colleagues.[203][204] Hezbollah also struck an IDF bulldozer in a separate attack. The IDF said it had launched a drone strike at a militant cell that tried to launch antitank missiles near Metula.[205] Further clashes also killed one Hezbollah member.[157]
Following a Hezbollah strike on 13 November, the IDF responded with heavy shelling across southern Lebanon which reportedly killed two people, according to a first-responder organisation affiliated to the Hezbollah-allied Amal Movement.[206] Unidentified fighters fired anti-tank guided missiles that injured two Israelis near Netu'a.[207] An Israeli rocket struck near journalists in Yaroun, Lebanon, no casualties were reported.[208] Hezbollah condemned the attack, which happened while the journalists were on a public tour in the town.[209]
On 16 November, Hezbollah conducted eight anti-tank missiles targeting Israeli forces and military infrastructure.[210] In the afternoon, Hezbollah attacked numerous towns near the border and targeted military gatherings in Shtula and Hadab Yaron.[211][212] The IDF responded heavily in southern Lebanon and Israeli warplanes raided Hezbollah targets.[213] Hezbollah announced that two of its members were killed.[214]
Four days later, the IDF base of Biranit suffered heavy damage from a Hezbollah barrage using Burkan rockets.[215] IDF fighter jets struck numerous Hezbollah military targets, and soldiers struck a militant cell near Metula.[216] The historically significant St. George church was heavily damaged in Yaroun after it was shelled by the IDF.[217] The house of Amal Movement MP Kabalan Kabalan was also hit with rocket fire.[218] Hezbollah claimed an attack on the IDF's 91st Division barracks at Baranit.[157]
On 21 November, an IDF airstrike in Kafr Kila killed an elderly woman and injured her granddaughter.[219] Another team of journalists were targeted in an IDF strike near Tayr Harfa which killed three people, including two Al Mayadeen journalists, a reporter and a photojournalist, and a guide.[220] On the same day, four members of the Al-Qassam Brigades were killed after an IDF strike on a car near Chaaitiyeh.[221] A Hezbollah member was also killed in a separate attack in Khiam.[222]
Ceasefire
Hezbollah told Al Jazeera that it will "respect" the temporary ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas.[223]
After the temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas on 24 November 2023, Hezbollah stopped its military operations briefly which also prompted the IDF to stop the shelling on targets in southern Lebanon.[224] Many displaced civilians returned to their homes amid the calm.[225] However, during the ceasefire, Hezbollah claimed 23 other attacks into northern Israel.[226]
A UNIFIL patrol unit was hit by IDF gunfire in the vicinity of Aitaroun where there were no casualties. UNIFIL condemned the incident and called on parties to be reminded "of their obligations to protect peacekeepers and avoid putting the men and women who are working to restore stability at risk."[227]
December 2023
On 1 December, Hezbollah claimed five attacks on the Israel–Lebanon border.
On 3 December, Hezbollah fired one anti-tank guided missile targeting an IDF base in Beit Hillel, injuring 11 Israelis and Global Affairs Canada announced that a Canadian citizen was killed in Lebanon.[234][235] On 4 December, Hamas announced the creation of a new unit in Lebanon named the "Al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards" and called on "the youth and men of our people to join the vanguard resistance fighters and take part in shaping the future and liberating Jerusalem and the al-Aqsa Mosque."[24] This created a negative reaction by many Lebanese politicians as they said that it would be a threat to Lebanon's sovereignty.[24]
One Lebanese soldier was killed and three others were injured by an Israeli attack on a Lebanese Army base in Odaisseh.[236] The IDF later apologized for the incident, saying that it would investigate.[237] A farm worker from Syria, was killed in an Israeli artillery attack on a poultry farm near Arnoun that also injured two of his relatives.[238] Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant met with mayors and local council heads in Nahariya, northern Israel to discuss the threat of Hezbollah to northern residents. Gallant said that if diplomacy fails, Israel will use its military to force Hezbollah north of the Litani River.[239]
On 11 December, the mayor of the southern Lebanese village of Taybeh was killed in an Israeli airstrike.[240] Two other Hezbollah fighters were killed by Israeli airstrikes and artillery shelling in Aitaroun, and three civilians were injured. Other airstrikes were carried out by the IAF, destroying five houses and damaging 17 others.[176] Four batches of missiles fired from Lebanon towards northern Israel were intercepted by the Iron Dome defense system, while the Islamic Resistance claimed it attacked several Israeli sites. According to Israeli media, three soldiers were injured.[176] Hezbollah and other militias attacked nine Israeli towns and military positions.[241] Israeli war cabinet minister and former defense minister Benny Gantz discussed security in northern Israel in a phone call with US secretary of state Antony Blinken. Gantz said he conveyed that Hezbollah's heightened aggression and attacks mean that Israel must "remove" the threat from northern Israel. Gantz's statement singled out the Lebanese state, not just Hezbollah, and called for international pressure on Lebanon to stop attacks on its southern border.[176]
The
On the morning of 23 December, IDF aircraft bombed a house in Kfar Kila and intense artillery fire also took place on the outskirts of
January 2024
On 2 January, Israel conducted an airstrike in the
On 8 January, Israel assassinated Wissam al-Tawil, the deputy commander of Hezbollah's Redwan Force, whom it accused of carrying out the attack on Meron airbase two days earlier.[258] In response to al-Tawil's killing, Hezbollah launched a drone attack on Israel's Northern Command headquarters in Safed on the following day, situated approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the border.[259] Ali Hussein Barji, the commander of Hezbollah's aerial forces in southern Lebanon who was reportedly responsible for the attack, was killed by an airstrike, according to Israel, alongside three other Hezbollah members, in Khirbet Selm shortly before al-Tawil's funeral began.[260][261] However, Hezbollah denied that Barji was killed.[262]
On 11 January, two Hezbollah-linked search-and-rescue personnel were killed and an unspecified number of civilians were wounded during an Israeli air raid on the town of Hanine.[263]
The IDF said that they killed four militants that infiltrated the Israeli border through Shebaa while an IDF unit was patrolling nearby on 14 January. Five IDF soldiers were wounded.
On 20 January,
February 2024
Between 3 and 5 February, five Amal Movement fighters were killed. Two fighters were killed in airstrikes in Blida and three others were announced that were killed in Bayt Lif.[272][273]
On 8 February, the IDF conducted a drone strike on a car in Nabatieh. Israeli media said a regional Hezbollah commander named Abbas al-Dabs was assassinated in the attack.[274] A day before, two Hezbollah members, including al-Dabs, were named by Israeli intelligence as reportedly working alongside IRGC officers on building Iranian air defenses in Syria.[275]
On 10 February, an Israeli drone struck a car near Sidon, killing at least two people and wounding two others. An Israeli security source said the target of the strike was Hamas official Basel Saleh, who was "injured to an unknown extent." Saleh was responsible for enlisting new Hamas recruits in Gaza and the West Bank.[276] On 12 February, another assassination attempt took place targeting Hezbollah official Mohammed Abd al-Rasoul Alawiya in his car in Bint Jbeil.[277]
On 14 February, in the deadliest day of fighting,[278] a barrage of eleven rockets fired from Lebanon struck Safed and an army base in northern Israel, killing an Israeli soldier and injuring eight others. Israel responded with widespread airstrikes against targets belonging to Hezbollah infrastructure in Jabal al-Braij, Kfar Houneh, Kafr Dunin, Aadchit and Souaneh, killing a total of ten people.[279] In Nabatieh, an attack on a residential building killed seven members of a family, including a child. Another attack in the town of al-Suwana killed a woman and her two children.[280] The IDF said that it killed a senior commander of the elite Redwan Force unit along with a deputy and another fighter in Nabatieh which was confirmed by Hezbollah the next day.[281][282] A total of seven Hezbollah members were announced dead from the attacks.[283]
In response to the launch of a UAV toward the Lower Galilee from Lebanese territory on 19 February, Israeli jets targeted Hezbollah militants in Marwahin, two weapons storage facilities near the city of Sidon, and Hezbollah infrastructure in the Meiss El Jabal and al-Adisa areas of Lebanon.[284]
On 21 February, an Israeli airstrike on a residential area of Damascus near a fortified compound used by Syrian security forces killed two civilians.[285] On the same day, an Israeli airstrike on the village of Majdal Zoun killed two more civilians, a mother and her child.[286] In addition, Israeli forces struck a Hezbollah observation post in Ramyeh and shelled an area near Aitaroun with artillery to "remove threats." Later on Israeli jets attacked an observation post in Khaim, a military post in Zibqin — from which a missile was fired at Shlomi — and other Hezbollah infrastructure.[287]
On 22 February, after a projectile from Lebanon hit a home in the border town of Yuval, an Israeli drone struck an apartment building in Kfar Remen, killing at least two Hezbollah fighters and wounding three others.[288] The next day, on 23 February, an Israeli strike on a Hezbollah-linked clinic in Blida killed two civilian paramedics and one Hezbollah fighter and injured an unknown number of people.[289]
On 24 February, sirens sounded in Arab el Aramsha, Hanita, Shebaa Farms, and Kiryat Shmona in northern Israel and the Golan Heights due to rocket fire. In response, the IDF struck numerous sites across the areas of Rab El Thalathine, Ayta ash Shab, and Blida. Later an Israeli drone identified a Hezbollah cell entering a military compound in southern Lebanon, leading to an Israeli airstrike on the compound. After the attack, secondary explosions took place, implying the presence of weapons in the building. In addition, fighter jets attacked a Redwan unit operational headquarters near the village of Baraachit, as well as launch posts in the area of Jabal Blat, while Israeli artillery struck to neutralize a threat in the area of Rachaya Al Foukhar.[290]
On 26 February, after Hezbollah shot down a
March 2024
On 4 March, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile strike on Margaliot resulted in seven injuries as well as the death of an Indian national.[295] The next day, an Israeli airstrike on Hula, in retaliation for the previous day's strike on Margaliot, killed three Lebanese citizens, a married couple and their child.[296] Amongst the three killed, Hezbollah announced two as their members.[297][298]
On 9 March, five people, including three Hezbollah members, were killed and at least nine others were wounded in an IDF strike on a house in Khirbet Selm.[299] In retaliation, the next day Hezbollah fired 37 Katyusha rockets at the town of Meron in northern Israel; no injuries were reported.[300][301]
On 12 March, Israeli airstrikes on the town of al-Nabi Shayth in the Beqaa Valley resulted in six injuries and the death of two Hezbollah members.[302]
On 13 March, an Israeli airstrike on a road near Lebanon's Rashidieh refugee camp for Palestinians killed a civilian and Hadi Ali Mustafa, the leader of Hamas forces in Lebanon, and injured two others.[303][304] A week later, two Syrian teenagers (aged 16 and 17) were handed over to Lebanese authorities for allegedly spying for Israel. It was reported that they confessed to have been given an equivalent of US$11 each by a local mosque servant to unknowingly plant a tracking device in Mustafa's car.[305]
On 27 March, IDF claimed the Israeli airstrike on a paramedic center affiliated with the group in Hebbariye killed seven people, whom Israel claimed were militants. The claim was denied by Hezbollah, and that the casualties were actually rescuers.[306] The victims were later identified as volunteers, and Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health condemned the strike. In response to the attack, Hezbollah launched around thirty rockets towards northern Israel, killing a factory worker in Kiryat Shmona and lightly wounding another.[307][308] After sunset, Israeli airstrikes were reported in Tayr Harfa and Naqoura, which each killed five and four people respectively. The strikes killed three paramedics; two from the Islamic Health Society and another from the Amal Movement-affiliated Islamic Risala Scout Association. A local commander of the Amal Movement was also killed, along with at least two Hezbollah members.[309]
On 29 March, an Israeli airstrike targeting Aleppo International Airport killed 38 Syrian soldiers, seven Hezbollah fighters and seven militiamen,[58] in what became the deadliest Israeli strike on Syria in the past three years.[310] Another airstrike in Bazouriyeh, Lebanon killed Ali Abed Akhsan Naim, the deputy commander of Hezbollah's rocket and missiles unit who the IDF said was responsible for planning attacks against Israeli civilians.[311]
On 30 March, Reuters reported that an Israeli strike had injured three UN observers and a translator who were monitoring hostilities along the Blue Line.[312] An investigation by the Lebanese Army determined that the explosion was caused by a landmine, which Israel said was planted by Hezbollah.[313] The IDF struck a centre of the Lebanese Ambulance Association at the end of March killing seven paramedics.[314]
April 2024
On 1 April, an Israeli airstrike targeted an Iranian consulate annex building adjacent to the Iranian embassy in Damascus, Syria. It killed eight people, including a senior Quds Force commander of the IRGC, Brigadier General
On 16 April, an Israeli airstrike on two cars near the town of Ain Ebel, in southern Lebanon, killed two Hezbollah members, including regional commander Ismail Baz, and one civilian.[126] The next day, fourteen Israeli soldiers and four civilians were wounded by drones attack in northern Israel. One IDF officer died of his wounds later that week.[319][320] On 23 April, an Israeli drone strike deep into Lebanon killed an engineer working for Hezbollah's air defense forces as he was traveling in a vehicle. The strike hit the Abu al-Aswad area near the coastal city of Tyre, some 35 kilometers (22 miles) from the border. The fighter's vehicle was completely burnt out. The IDF said it had killed "two significant terrorists in Hezbollah's aerial unit", the second being a senior member of the elite Redwan Force, Muhammad Attiya.[321] In response to the attacks, Hezbollah made its deepest incursion into Israeli territory yet by launching drone attacks into the city of Acre targeting two IDF bases.[322]
May 2024
On 5 May, an Israel airstrike on a house in the Lebanese village of Meiss Ej Jabal killed four civilians. In retaliation, Hezbollah fired dozens of rockets at the Israeli town of Kiryat Shmona.[323]
On 6 May, two reservist Israeli soldiers of the 98th Paratroopers Division's 655th Battalion were killed by a Hezbollah drone attack near Metula, northern Israel, bringing the IDF death toll to 18.[324] Hezbollah also launched 30 rockets at the Golan Heights, damaging houses in Kidmat Tzvi.[325] The IDF struck 15 Radwan targets in al-Lwaiza, southern Lebanon,[326] and a Hezbollah compound in Sefri, near Baalbek. Lebanese media said that the strike destroyed a factory and injured three people.[327][328]
On 8 May, Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon killed two Hezbollah and three PIJ members.[329] The next day an Israeli airstrike on a car near the village of Bafliyeh killed four Hezbollah members.[330]
On 10 May, Israeli airstrikes on two villages in the
On 14 May, an Israeli airstrike on a house in the village of Meiss Ej Jabal killed a member of Hezbollah and injured one other person. Following this, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile strike killed an Israeli civilian and wounded five IDF personnel in the kibbutz of Adamit.[332] At night, an Israeli drone strike on a car in Tyre killed two people including Hussein Makki, a Hezbollah field commander.[333] In response to the commander's killing, Hezbollah fired 60 rockets at Mount Meron air traffic control base causing minor damage. They also fired at least one heavy rocket towards the Biranit army base.[334] One IDF soldier was killed and another five were wounded.[335]
On 15 May, a rocket launched by the Lebanese branch of Hamas fell short of the intended Israeli target, instead landing on the Lebanese side of the border, killing a Syrian immigrant and wounding four others. A Hezbollah drone crashed in the
On 21 May, an Israeli airstrike near Tyre killed a high-ranking officer in Hezbollah's coastal missile unit. That night, an Israeli airstrike on a car in the Beqaa Valley killed two members of the Islamic Group. Targeted assassinations continued the same week with an Israeli airstrike on a car in the village of Kfar Dajjal which killed a Hezbollah member and seriously wounded three children in a nearby school bus. In response, Lebanon issued a formal complaint to the United Nations Security Council.[342]
On 25 May, an Israeli airstrike on a truck near the Syrian town of al-Qusayr killed two Hezbollah members.[343] Later that day, a car bombing in Damascus killed a Syrian Army officer with ties to Hezbollah.[344]
On 26 May, an Israeli airstrike on a house in Aitaroun killed two Hezbollah members. On the same day, another Hezbollah member was killed, as was another person, following an airstrike on a motorcycle in Naqoura. Later, an airstrike on another motorcycle in Ayta ash Shab killed two civilians. An airstrike on a third motorcycle, in Hula, killed two Hezbollah members and wounded two other people. Two civilians were killed in strikes on the village of Yaroun.[345]
June 2024
On 1 June, an Israeli airstrike on a house in Aadloun killed a civilian and wounded four others. Later that evening, two Israeli airstrikes on a house in Ain Qana killed a Hezbollah member and wounded another person.[346] The next day, an Israeli airstrike on a motorcycle in Hula killed two civilians.[347]
On 3 June, a pair of Israeli airstrikes on Naqoura killed two Hezbollah members. Another airstrike, this time on a car near the village of Kauthariyet El Rez, killed another Hezbollah member.[348] In Syria, an Israeli airstrike on a copper plant near Aleppo killed 16 members of Iran-backed militias.[349] Hezbollah said that it fired drones at the IDF's headquarters in the Galilee.[350] It also claimed a drone attack in Metula.[351] The IDF confirmed that two drones crashed in northern Israel while a third was intercepted.[352] Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran made his first overseas visit as foreign minister to Lebanon,[353] during which he confirmed that the Iranian government was engaged in negotiations with the United States hosted by Oman.[354] Forest fires in northern Israel were erupted the entire week which reportedly resulted in 2,500 acres of land burnt and the hospitalization of six Israeli soldiers and five civilians due to smoke inhalation.[355][356]
On 11 June, an Israeli strike on a command and control center in Jwaya killed senior Hezbollah commander Taleb Abdallah and three other militants. The next day, in response to Taleb's killing,[357] Hezbollah launched a barrage of about 90 rockets into Israel targeting an IDF factory, military headquarters in Ein Zeitim and Ami'ad, and an air surveillance station in Meron.[358] It later fired another 70 at the Mount Meron area, and then ten more at Zar'it, bringing the total number of launches to 170.[359] It increased to 215 by the late afternoon.[360]
On 13 June, Hezbollah fired 150 rockets and 30 UAVs at 15 targets in northern Israel and the Golan Heights.[361]
Amos Hochstein, a senior advisor to US President Joe Biden, arrived in Israel on 17 June to attempt to de-escalate tensions between Israel and Lebanese militias.[362]
On 19 June, Nasrallah stated that a Hezbollah invasion of the Galilee "remains on the table"[363][364] and alleged that the government of Cyprus was allowing Israeli forces to operate within its country and thus made Cyprus a legitimate target for Hezbollah strikes. Cypriot president Nikos Christodoulides denied that Cyprus was taking sides in the conflict.[365]
On 30 June, Israeli officials reported 18 IDF soldiers were wounded by a drone attack on the Golan Heights.[366]
July 2024
On 3 July, senior Hezbollah field commander Mohammed Nasser was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Tyre,[367] and in response Hezbollah fired 100 rockets at IDF positions.[368] The following day, it fired 200 more rockets into Israel.[369][370] On 9 July, an Israeli airstrike on the Beirut–Damascus highway in Syria killed two Hezbollah members,[371][372] and Hezbollah fired 40 rockets at the Golan Heights.[373] A week later, at least two people were wounded in an Israeli drone attack in Lebanon,[374] and Hezbollah rocket strikes in Kiryat Shmona damaged residential buildings.[375] On 22 July, drones from Lebanon were intercepted by Israeli forces,[376] and a Hezbollah rocket strike injured two soldiers in northern Israel.[377] The following day and in response, Israel launched artillery strikes on southern Lebanon,[378] Hezbollah launched rocket strikes in northern Israel,[379] and Israeli warplanes and artillery struck southern Lebanon.[380]
On 27 July, an Israeli strike in southern Lebanon killed four members of different militant groups.
August 2024
On 17 August, at least 11 including a woman and her two children were killed and four were wounded including two serious injuries in
On 25 August, Israel began
September 2024: escalation
On 16 September, the
On 18 September
On 19 September, the IDF said that it started carrying out airstrikes against Hezbollah to destroy its capabilities in southern Lebanon while heavy bombing was reported in Deir Qanoun En Nahr.[428] The IDF also said that it killed two Lebanese militants attempting to infiltrate the border and plant an explosive at an IDF post.[429] Two Israeli soldiers were killed and nine others were injured in Hezbollah attacks in the vicinity of the Lebanese border.[430][431] Three rockets launched by Hezbollah to Metula caused fires and damaged electric infrastructure.[432] The IDF said that its jets struck more than a hundred Hezbollah rocket launchers and other Hezbollah sites in its heaviest air strikes since the Israel-Hezbollah conflict started in October 2023.[433][434] An Israeli strike in al-Haniyeh wounded four people.[435] The Lebanese National News Agency reported that Israeli airstrikes targeted Mahmoudieh, Ksar al-Aroush, and Birket Jabbour.[433]
On 20 September, an Israeli
On 21 September, the IDF claimed to have "almost completely dismantled" Hezbollah's military chain of command.[439] The IDF claimed that it destroyed thousands of rocket launchers.[440] Four people were wounded in Israeli strikes.[441] The IAF also launched heavy artillery strikes in several areas in southern Lebanon.[442] The IDF said that it launched 400 strikes targeting Hezbollah rocket launchers and other infrastructure.[443]
On 22 September, Israeli President Isaac Herzog denied any Israeli involvement in the pager explosions.[444] Hezbollah made two attacks on the Israeli Ramat David Airbase using Fadi 1 and Wadi 2 missiles, injuring one person;[445][446] an additional three people were also injured in Krayot and Lower Galilee.[447] Three people were killed in Israeli strikes in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah confirmed the death of two of its militants.[448] Hezbollah claimed that it struck three Israeli targets.[449]
On 23 September, the IDF conducted over
By 25 September, an army of around 40,000 Iraqi, Syrian, and Houthi militants concentrated around the Golan Heights, which the Institute for the Study of War argued was part of a preparation for an Israeli invasion of Lebanon.[461] The number of displaced Lebanese people reached an estimated 500,000.[462][463]
On 26 September, an Israeli strike on a three-storey building in Younine killed at least 19 Syrians and a Lebanese person, mostly women or children, and injured eight others.[464][465]
On 27 September, the IDF said that it struck Hezbollah's central headquarters in Beirut targeting Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.[466] Al-Manar reported that four buildings collapsed in the attack. At least six people including Nasrallah died and at least 100 were injured.[84][467][468]
On 28 September, the Lebanese National News Agency reported that IDF strikes struck civil defense centres and a medical clinic in Taybeh and Deir Siriane killing 11 medical staff and injuring 10 others.[469]
On 29 September, an Israeli air strike on a home in Dahr-al-Ain killed at least 11 people.[470][471] The Lebanese National News Agency reported that at least 17 members of a family were killed and several others were trapped under rubble in an Israeli air strike in Zboud.[472] An Israeli strike in Ain El Delb killed 45 people and injured at least 75 others.[473][474] An Israeli strike in Bekaa killed 12 people and injured 20 others.[473]
On 30 September, Israel informed the United States that it intended to carry out a ground maneuver in Lebanon aimed at clearing Hezbollah's infrastructure along the border. That evening, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and UNIFIL withdrew from the Israeli-Lebanese border to the north to a distance of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi; 2.7 nmi) from the border, while the IDF designated the settlements of Metula, Misgav Am and Kfar Giladi as closed military areas.[475] Israeli troops amassed on the border in southern Lebanon, with Israel stating that they were preparing for a limited ground invasion.[476]
October 2024: Israeli invasion of Lebanon
On 1 October, IDF troops officially crossed the border into Lebanon in a series of small scale raids intended to precede a broader ground invasion.
On 2 October, Israeli forces were
On 3 October, an Israeli strike on the municipality building in
On 4 October, an international dispute occurred as the IDF ordered an Irish
On 5 October, the IDF estimated that at least 440 Hezbollah fighters were killed in its ground offensive in Lebanon.[493] Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu claimed that Israeli forces had destroyed a large part of Hezbollah's arsenal and its tunnels in the vicinity of the Israel-Lebanon border.[494]
On 7 October, two Israeli airstrikes in towns south of Beirut killed at least 12 people, including several Lebanese children.[495] Israeli warplanes struck a fire station building affiliated with the Islamic Health Authority in Baraachit, killing ten firefighters.[496][497]
On 10 October, an Israeli
On 13 October, a
On 14 October, an Israeli airstrike on an apartment building in Aitou in northern Lebanon killed at least 21 people including twelve women and two children and injured eight others.[503][504][505]
On 15 October, the
On 16 October, an Israeli airstrike on the municipal building of Nabatieh killed at least 16 people, including the town's mayor Ahmad Kahil and injured 52 others.[508][509] The IDF said that it targeted Hezbollah infrastructure.[510]
On 17 October, Hezbollah announced that it is moving to a new escalatory stage in the confrontation and said that it will become clear in the coming days.[511]
On 19 October, a drone attack from Lebanon targeted Netanyahu's residence in Caesarea. Netanyahu was not in the residence at the time, while no casualties were reported.[512] Hezbollah later claimed responsibility for the attack.[513]
On 21 October, the IDF estimated that around 2,000 Hezbollah members were killed since October 2023, including over 1,200 killed since the invasion of Lebanon began. It also claimed that Hezbollah maintained only 30% of the rockets it initially had before the conflict.[514]
On 22 October, an Israeli airstrike on a house in Teffahta killed 19 people.[515] An Israeli airstrike near the Rafik Hariri University Hospital in Beirut killed at least 18 people, including four children, and injured at least 60 others.[516][517][518]
On 23 October, the IDF said that it killed three Hezbollah sector commanders and 70 other Hezbollah militants.[519]
On 24 October, the IAF said that it killed dozens of militants on the ground and from the air over the past day.[520]
On 27 October, the IDF claimed to have killed 70 Hezbollah fighters.[521]
On 29 October, nine people were killed and a girl was trapped under rubble in an Israeli airstrike in Haret Saida, southeast of Sidon.[522][523] An Israeli airstrike in Sarafand killed 10 people and injured 21 others.[524][525] Israeli defence minister Yoav Gallant claimed that Hezbollah maintained only 20% of the rockets and missiles it initially had before the conflict.[526] Hezbollah denied the claim.[527] The IDF said that its military goals in Lebanon had been achieved with the Israeli government planning to go ahead with diplomatic negotiations.[528] Israeli officials said the ceasefire negotiations were "in advanced stages" as White House special envoy Amos Hochstein traveled to the region to mediate the negotiations.[529]
On 30 October, the IDF claimed to have killed dozens of militants one day prior.[530] Israeli airstrikes in Sohmor killed 11 people and injured 15 others.[531] Israeli strikes killed 19 people, including eight women in two towns in Baalbek District.[532][533]
On 31 October,
On 1 November, an Israeli airstrike on a home in Amhaz killed at least 12 people and injured several others.[537][538]
On 5 November, an Israeli strike on a residential building in Barja killed at least 30 people and injured several others including a woman and her child.[539]
On 7 November, the IAF said that it struck about 20 sites in the
Casualties and damage
Lebanon
The olive trade in southern Lebanon, which is the main source of income for many, was halted as farmers stopped their harvests in fear of the active shelling.[542][543] According to Agriculture Minister Abbas Hajj Hassan, 40,000 olive trees have been burned down by fires caused by IDF shelling.[544] The ministry has also said that 790 hectares of agricultural land have been damaged and 340 thousand farm animals have been lost.[545] In total, the IDF has caused US$3 billion of agriculture losses.[546] The Institute of International Finance predicted that Lebanon's GDP could decline by one percent by the end of 2023 and by 30 percent in 2024 in the event of further spillover of the war.[547] According to the Council for the South, Israeli strikes have destroyed 1,700 buildings and damaged 14,000 others and caused US$500 million worth of damage on water, electricity, telecoms and other infrastructure.[43]
As of 2 May 2024, Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health reported that 1,359 people had been wounded.[548] As of 29 May 2024, according to OCHA, 88 Lebanese civilians have been killed including 39 women and children, three journalists and 19 militia-linked first responders.[549]
At least 320 militants have been killed in Lebanon, including 250 Hezbollah members, including at least 40 in Syria, 25 Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad members, one Amal Movement member, and one SSNP member. One Lebanese Army soldier was killed and three others were injured.[550] Seven UNIFL workers and peacekeepers were injured in numerous attacks by both Israel and Lebanese militias.[551]
Israel
Twenty-six Israeli civilians, 22 soldiers and one security officer were killed in Israel. An additional three soldiers were killed in non-combat incidents; one by malfunctioning ammunition and the other two in a tank accident. Nine soldiers were killed during combat in southern Lebanon.
As of February 2024, more than 500 homes in northern Israel have been reported damaged by Hezbollah according to reports received by the IDF.[556] Hundreds of other cases in towns like Arab Al-Aramsheh and Menara remain unassessed due to security issues for inspection.[557] As of September 2024, over half of the houses in Metula were damaged by Hezbollah attacks since the start of the conflict.[558]
Economy
According to
Once-robust communities such as Snir and Kiryat Shmona were mostly emptied following the evacuation orders in northern Israel. Kiryat Shmona was planned to be used by food technology businesses, but companies left following the city's evacuation in October 2023. Northern Israel has one-third of Israel's agricultural land, and the occupied Golan Heights and Galilee accounted for 73% of Israel's annual egg production; however, after the outbreak of the conflict, few people remained in the north to tend chicken coops, resulting in a decline in domestic egg production.[560] In August 2024 the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security approved a quota for the import of 45 million eggs due to the anticipated drop in local production over the conflict and other reasons.[561]
War crimes
Israeli war crimes
In October 2024, Israel bombed financial institutions it stated were affiliated with Hezbollah, leading Amnesty International to state the strikes should be investigated as possible war crimes.[562]
Attacks on UNIFIL positions
On October 2024, Israel attacked the UNIFIL peacekeeping bases in southern Lebanon. In response, UNIFL stated, "Any deliberate attack on peacekeepers is a grave violation of international humanitarian law and of Security Council resolution 1701".[563] According to the Israeli Ambassador to the UN, "Hezbollah terrorists are using UNIFIL outposts as hiding places and as places of ambushes."[564]
Killing of Lebanese civilians
On 5 November 2023, an Israeli airstrike hit a car near Ainata, Lebanon, killing three children and their grandmother, and injuring their mother. The IDF admitted to striking the vehicle.[565] Human Rights Watch stated that their killings should be investigated as an apparent war crime.[566] Najib Mikati, Lebanon's caretaker prime minister, called the attack a "heinous crime" and said that Lebanon would file a complaint to the UN Security Council.[565]
In September 2024, thousands of
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human rights, 232 Syrian refugees were killed by the IDF in Lebanon since the start of the Israel-Hamas war.[72]
Targeting of journalists
According to the Council of Europe, the intentional targeting of journalists constitutes a war crime.[568] During the conflict, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) claimed that the Israeli army had deliberately targeted journalists.[569][570][571] An RSF investigation said that Israel had targeted journalists in two missile strikes on 13 October 2023 that killed Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah and injured four others. These two strikes, 30 seconds apart, hit a group of seven journalists in southern Lebanon who were reporting on the border fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. In a video, the journalists are seen wearing vests and helmets identifying them as "PRESS". The marking was also present on the roof of their car, which exploded after being hit by the second missile.[572] The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, which tests and analyses munitions and weapons, assisted Reuters by examining the material collected at the site of the explosion and found that a piece of metal was the fin of a 120 mm tank round fired 1.34 km away from the border from a smoothbore tank gun.[573]
On 26 December 2023, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile impacted near a Channel 13 News team while they were interviewing a farmer at Dovev for an article following a prior Hezbollah assault that killed a 56-year-old employee of the Israel Electric Corporation, and injured five workers who were repairing electric lines.[574]
IDF's use of white phosphorus
On 31 October 2023, after an investigation,
In southern Lebanon, Israel's white phosphorus bombs have destroyed over 4,500 hectares (45,000,000 m2) of forest with economic loses being valued at US$20 million.[580] The American University of Beirut estimated use of white phosphorus has led to more than 134 forest fires as of June 2024 burning 1,500 hectares (15,000,000 m2) of land.[355] As of 28 May 2024, the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health said that exposure to white phosphorus had injured at least 173 people.[579]
Targeting of medical and religious sites
The targeting of hospitals, as well as religious sites, constitutes a war crime.[581] Lebanese health minister Firass Abiad said that 163 rescuers and health workers were killed and 273 others were injured in Lebanon since the start of Israel-Hezbollah conflict.[582] Human Rights Watch stated that Israel's "repeated" attacks on medical workers and healthcare facilities were apparent war crimes.[583]
The IDF shelled
On 26 December 2023, an anti-tank missile shot by Hezbollah fighters from Lebanon damaged a shed in a church compound in Iqrit, but not the church itself, wounding an elderly civilian.[584] As IDF troops and medical services were working to evacuate him, they were hit by further missiles, which resulted in nine soldiers being wounded, one of them seriously.[585][586]
On 11 January 2024, the IDF conducted strikes in the town of Hanine and targeted an emergency center affiliated with the Hezbollah-linked Islamic Health Authority. The attack killed two workers from the rescue force and destroyed an ambulance.[587] Other attacks on Islamic Health Authority centers occurred in Kafr Kila, Odaisseh and Blida killed 7 paramedic and rescue workers and destroyed 17 ambulances.[588]
On 27 March 2024, an Israeli airstrike targeted a paramedic center affiliated with the Islamic Group in Hebbariye, killing seven volunteer paramedics. The airstrike was condemned by the Lebanese Ministry of Health.[307] Later in the day, Israeli airstrikes in Tayr Harfa killed two paramedics from the Islamic Health Society, while strikes in Naqoura killed one from the Amal Movement-affiliated Islamic Risala Scout Association.[309] On 7 May 2024, Human Rights Watch declared the 27 March incident as an unlawful attack on civilians and said that they did not find any evidence of military targets at the site that was targeted. Investigations also showed that the IDF used an MPR 500 missile to conduct the raid.[589]
On 27 May 2024, an Israeli airstrike near Salah Ghandour Hospital in
Use of booby-trapped devices
Experts warned the
On 22 September 2024, Israeli President Isaac Herzog denied any Israeli involvement in the explosions.[444]
Hezbollah war crimes
Killing of Israeli civilians
The elimination of the State of Israel has been a primary goal for Hezbollah. Hezbollah has been accused of "only [regarding] the Jews living in Israel as Zionists, who should be killed".[602] Throughout the war Hezbollah announces the targeting of civilian homes.[603] On 12 November 2023, Hezbollah fired an anti-tank missile killing an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation who was conducting repair work and injured 13 other Israelis, including six other employees of the Israeli Electric Corporation.[604][605][606]
The most notable of Hezbollah's attacks on civilians was on 27 July 2024 in the Majdal Shams attack, when Hezbollah fired an Iranian-made Falaq-1 rocket at Majdal Shams, a Druze town in the Golan Heights. The rocket hit a football pitch killing 12 Druze children and injuring at least 42 others.[607][608][609]
Another attack by Hezbollah resulted in civilian casualties on 9 July 2024, when a rocket struck a couple's car just south of their hometown of
Accusations of Hezbollah using human shields
There have been claims that Hezbollah has intentionally drawn fire to Christian areas in southern Lebanon.[612] Christians in the town of Rmaich clashed with Hezbollah due to the organization's attempts to establish military infrastructure in the town. The residents also wrote a complaint letter.[613] On 26 March 2024, civilians in Rmaich confronted militants and rang their church bells after Hezbollah attempted to place rocket launchers in the town. Hezbollah denied trying to fire rockets from Rmaich.[614]
On 16 October 20 rocket launchers were discovered by the Lebanese Army in the towns of Al-Qlaileh and Chaaitiyeh which have been suspected to be a part of Hezbollah infrastructure.[615] Four reportedly had rockets inside of them and were ready to be fired.[616] They were immediately dismantled by the Lebanese Army.[617]
The Lebanese Kataeb Party criticized Hezbollah for allegedly storing weapons between houses stating that "Hiding weapons between houses does not support Gaza" after an IDF strike on Hezbollah infrastructure in Adloun. Rockets were still exploding about an hour after the strike was reported and the blasts lightly injured three citizens as shrapnel from the explosions flew to surrounding villages. These ammunition depots "open the door to Israeli attacks and turn the Lebanese into human shields", the Kataeb party said.[618]
According to IDF's Arabic spokesman, Avichay Adraee, Hezbollah-run yellow ambulances have been used to transport fighters and weapons. The Islamic Health Authority's website says it has "provided services for the activity of the Hezbollah fighters against the Zionist occupation."[619] According to UNIFIL, Hezbollah has used the environmental NGO "Green Without Borders" to provide direct cover for Hezbollah's military operations by "unlawful construction of military outposts along the Blue Line."[620] Hezbollah has also launched rockets form UNIFL positions. The IDF reported that 25 rockets were launched from UNIFL positions in October 2024 and said that it discovered hundreds of weapons, including firearms, grenades, and rocket launchers, stored in compounds located near UNIFIL posts in southern Lebanon.[621]
After the 20 September 2024 Beirut attack which killed major Redwan Force commanders in the densely populated Dahieh suburbs, Daniel Hagari said that the commanders were holding a meeting "gathered underground under a residential building in the heart of the Dahieh neighbourhood, hiding among Lebanese civilians, using them as human shields."[622]
On 23 September 2024, the IDF began posting pictures and videos of what it claimed was evidence of Hezbollah placing weapons in people’s homes.
Reactions
Lebanon
On 6 November 2023, in response to the killing of four civilians in southern Lebanon, Prime Minister
Samir Geagea, the leader of a main Christian political party, blamed Hezbollah for attacking Israel and said that it harmed Lebanon while having no impact on Israel's Gaza offensive.[627]
Public opinion
Date | Shi'ite | Sunni | Christian |
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 89% | 8% | 16% |
2023 (November) | 93% | 34% | 29% |
As tensions heightened on 8 October 2023 near the Lebanese border, former prime minister Fouad Siniora stressed that Lebanon should not be involved "in any hostilities with the Israeli enemy".[629]
Between 7–9 October 2023, many politicians of long-established Christian parties in Lebanon took a stance against Hezbollah's involvement as well.
On 4 December 2023, Hamas announced the organization's official establishment in Lebanon. The Lebanon-based unit was named the “al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit”.
Screens at Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport were hacked allegedly by the Christian group Jnud al-Rab to display an anti-Hezbollah message. Jnud al-Rab denied any involvement.[632]
On 28 January 2024,
On 24 March 2024, a video showed a nun at a Lebanese Christian school asking students to pray for Hezbollah men defending Lebanon. The video went viral, with some praising the video and others criticizing it.[634]
Iraq
On 9 January 2024, the Kata'ib Hezbollah spokesperson Jafar al-Husseini warned that the Islamic Resistance in Iraq would help Hezbollah fight Israel if war erupted between the two sides.[636] This statement was a few weeks after the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on a Karish rig which Lebanon claims to hold sovereignty to.[637] On 23 June 2024, the spokesperson to Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada Kadhem al-Fartousi said the brigade will join Hezbollah's side if Israel decides to launch a full-blown war in Lebanon.[638][639]
On 24 June 2024,
United States
On 4 November 2023, United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken thanked prime minister Najib Mikati during a meeting in Amman "in preventing Lebanon from being pulled into a war that the Lebanese people do not want".[641] United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed concern about Israel's role in ongoing tensions with Lebanon.[642]
On 30 September 2024, the Pentagon said it would be deploying a "few thousand" more troops to the Middle East.[643] On 1 October 2024, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin told Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant that the United States supports Israel′s ground offensive against Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.[644]
The U.S. Embassy in Beirut announced on 27 September 2024 that it was "not evacuating U.S. citizens at this time."[645] In response, U.S. Representative Rashida Tlaib stated, the State Department was "leaving Americans behind and failing to protect their own citizens".[646] American citizens in Lebanon stated they were being treated like "lesser US citizens".[647] Lebanese Americans filed a class-action lawsuit against the State Department in the hopes of expediting an evacuation.[648]
Other states
Since June 2024, the
On 8 November 2023, two men were arrested by Brazilian police in
Economic
As a result of the fighting, Swiss International Air Lines and Lufthansa suspended flights to Beirut, while Lebanon's flag carrier Middle East Airlines relocated five of its 24 aircraft to Istanbul as a precaution. Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom advised against travelling to Lebanon, whilst the British embassy withdrew family members of its staff.[656]
Humanitarian response
The Lebanon Humanitarian Fund launched its reserve allocation that includes up to four million US dollars to support its partners to help aid those who have been displaced or still in conflict zones.[657]
See also
- List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights
- Outline of the Israel–Hamas war
- Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
- Hamas in Lebanon
- 2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings
- Displacement during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict
Notes
- ^ (per Hezbollah, Hamas, PIJ and Lebanese Health Ministry)[37]
- 449+ Hezbollah members in Lebanon[38] (including 2 Saraya personnel)[10]
- 40 Palestinian militants 25 killed (8 Oct 2023–31 March 2024; on the border),[1] 7 killed (2 Jan 2024; in Beirut),[2] 7 killed (3 April–15 June 2024; on the border),[3][4][5][6][7] and a Hamas official assassinated on 9 August,[39] total of 40 reported killed
- 20 Amal Movement members[40][41][42]
- 16 Islamic Group members[43][44][45]
- 3 Islamic Azz Brigades fighters[1]
- 13 Lebanese security forces members[46][47]
- 1 Eagles of the Whirlwind fighter[48]
- 294+ civilians[49][50][51]
- ^ (per Syrian Observatory for Human Rights)[57][58]
- 172 Iran-backed militiamen (including 3 Palestinian fighters)
- 76 Syrian soldiers
- 76 Hezbollah fighters
- 28 IRGC soldiers
- 53 civilians
- ^ Include all respondents who answered "very positive" and "somewhat positive"
References
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The death toll from Israeli attacks across Lebanon since Monday has risen to 558, including 50 children and 94 women, according to Lebanon's Health Minister Firass Abiad. He added that at least 1,835 people were wounded in Israeli air raids that hit Beirut and southern Lebanon.
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These are the latest casualty figures issued by the Lebanese Health Ministry: At least 1,952 people have been killed since Israel escalated its attacks on Lebanon in mid-September. At least 2,546 people in Lebanon have been killed, including at least 140 children and 270 women, and 11,862 wounded since the start of Israeli-Hezbollah cross-border attacks in October last year.
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The newest figures bring the overall death toll since Israel on September 23 launched an intense air campaign in Lebanon to 1,356.
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Twenty-seven soldiers and a local security officer have also been killed in attacks claimed by Lebanon's Hezbollah and allied terror groups on northern Israel since the fighting started. 35 soldiers were killed during ground operations in Lebanon... The military's list also includes... a soldier killed due to malfunctioning ammunition on the Lebanon border, two soldiers killed in a tank accident in northern Israel...
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Hezbollah's attacks on northern Israel since October 2023 have resulted in the deaths of 31 civilians.
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Hezbollah began attacking Israel's northern border in October, targeting Israeli vehicles, command centers and settlements. The militant group alleged in an infographic on Saturday that it caused 2,000 Israeli casualties
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Lebanon's caretaker PM Mikati says his government's priority is reaching "a ceasefire and deterring the Israeli aggression". In a meeting with Blinken, he said there are more than 1.4 million people who have been displaced from the areas that are being attacked by Israel.
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Hezbollah on Sunday said it had launched guided rockets and artillery onto three posts in the Shebaa Farms 'in solidarity' with the Palestinian people.
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It is also worth pointing out, amid the frequently overwhelming welter of daily horrors, that two children were killed and 74 people injured in the Beirut airstrike, according to Lebanese officials
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The Lebanese armed group said the "first phase" of its retaliatory attack against Israel has been concluded "with complete success". Israeli Army Radio is reporting that a woman has been slightly wounded by shrapnel in Acre in northern Israel
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Lebanon's state-run news agency reported that Israel's strikes in southern Lebanon on Sunday were "the most violent" since the war in Gaza began in October. At least two people were injured, one of them critically, and the strikes caused "severe damage" to local infrastructure, including electricity and water networks, the agency said.
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Hezbollah said six of its fighters were also killed.
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Israel's domestic security agency claims it foiled a plot by the Lebanese armed group to kill a former senior defence official in the coming days.
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It did not say if the fighters were killed in the pager explosions or attacks elsewhere.
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Lebanon's National News Agency, citing the health ministry, says more than 100 people have been wounded in the latest wave of explosions.
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The following day, 25 people were killed and 708 injured, including 61 who remain in the intensive care unit.
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The Lebanese-armed group says it carried out 17 attacks against Israeli targets in the Galilee, the occupied Golan Heights, and the occupied Kfarchouba Hills throughout the day. A Hezbollah missile and drone strike in northern Israel killed two Israeli soldiers and wounded nine others in separate attacks on Thursday in southern Lebanon, the military said.
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Later in the night, Hezbollah launched three huge rockets towards the Israeli town of Metula. We saw pictures of huge fires and there are reports of damage to electricity infrastructure.
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The Lebanese Health Ministry says four people have been injured in an Israeli raid on the town of al-Haniyeh.
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Hezbollah has also named Ahmad Mahmoud Wahabi, a senior commander, among the casualties. Hezbollah said it carried out 16 attacks against targets in northern Israel, firing about 140 rockets as it targeted air defence and intelligence bases, as well as an Israeli tank. It claimed it struck the Meron IDF base in the occupied Golan Heights with "volleys of Katyusha rockets". No casualties have been reported.
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Lebanon's Health Minister says at least 31 people, including three children and seven women, were killed in the Israeli attack on southern Beirut yesterday. Another 68 people were wounded in the attack, he added. The three children among the 31 killed in Israel's attack on southern Beirut yesterday were aged four, six and 10, Lebanon's Health Minister said during a press conference.
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"Hezbollah's military chain of command has been almost completely dismantled," the military said on X.
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The Israeli army says it "dismantled approximately 180 targets and thousands of launcher barrels" in southern Lebanon in the past hours, amid reports of the heaviest crossfire since Israel and Hezbollah began confrontations on October 8 last year. Additionally, it said "approximately 90 projectile launches were identified crossing from Lebanon into Israeli territory."
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An Israeli air strike on Qatrani Heights left one person seriously wounded and in need of intensive care, National News Agency reports. More Israeli attacks targeted the western Bekaa Heights causing minor injuries to three others, who are currently receiving treatment at a hospital, it added.
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Heavy artillery was also fired into several areas in southern Lebanon over the last few hours, the army said in a statement.
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Lebanon's Health Ministry says three people have been killed in Israeli strikes on the southern part of the country. Hezbollah has confirmed two of its fighters killed today.
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An artillery attack on an Israeli radar in the occupied Lebanese Shebaa Farms. A missile attack on an Israeli Merkava tank in an area called al-Marj in northern Israel which caused casualties. An artillery attack on Israeli soldiers in Jal al-Allam.
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The state news agency initially reported that 23 people were killed. The Lebanese Health Ministry later announced 19 Syrians and one Lebanese died – one of the deadliest single strikes in Israel's intensified air campaign.
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