Khuzdar

Coordinates: 27°48′N 66°37′E / 27.800°N 66.617°E / 27.800; 66.617
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Khuzdar
  • خضدار
  • قصدار
City
Calling code
848

Khuzdar (

Balochistan States Union. In 1955, Khuzdar became the capital of the newly formed Kalat Division before it became a district of its own in 1974.[2] As of 2017, it is the largest Brahui-speaking city.[3][4][5]

Etymology

The name for the city was originally in the Middle Persian language, deriving from the Middle Persian word for silk - "qaz", and "dar" which originates from Arabic meaning "house of" or "seat of"[6] - "Qazdar", meaning "place of silk". After the Islamic conquest of Sindh (which included Khuzdar at the time) that solidified the leadership of the area under the Muslims, the name of the city was changed to "Khuzdar". "Khuz" means to "take firmly" or "retain forever" in Arabic.[7]

History

Under the rule of the

Umayyad caliphate, the city was the capital of the Turan province, which was retained administratively from the Sasanian Empire.[8]

Under

Ghaznavid dynasty, conquered Khuzdar.[9]

Khuzdar became the capital of the Brahui kingdom of Makran.[10]

In the early 17th century, it was part of the

Khudadad Khan (1857–1893). By 1896, after Khudadad's death, the authority of Kalat was restored.[11]

Under a treaty with Kalat, the British appointed a political agent at Khuzdar in 1903. British assistance continued until 1947, after which the area was acceded to Pakistan and became a democracy. When the Balochistan States Union became Kalat Division, Khuzdar was established as the divisional headquarters. The divisional administration of Pakistan ended in 2000. Khuzdar was again established as the divisional headquarters in 2009, by the Pakistan People's Party government.[12]

Education

The city has a number of government and private colleges, including the following:

Geography and climate

Khuzdar is at the apex of a narrow valley at an elevation of 1,237 metres (4,058 ft). Despite this altitude, Khuzdar like most of Balochistan has an

semi arid climate (Köppen
BSh) with very low and erratic rainfall. Unlike most parts of the province, the heaviest average rainfall comes from the Asian monsoon in July and August, though this rainfall tends to be very erratic and in many summers there is no significant rain at all.

Climate data for Khuzdar (1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.1
(80.8) 		28.4
(83.1) 		33.0
(91.4) 		37.2
(99.0) 		41.7
(107.1) 		43.0
(109.4) 		43.0
(109.4) 		42.0
(107.6) 		40.2
(104.4) 		38.0
(100.4) 		31.2
(88.2) 		28.0
(82.4) 		43.0
(109.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.8
(64.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		24.7
(76.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		35.6
(96.1) 		38.2
(100.8) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.0
(96.8) 		34.4
(93.9) 		30.4
(86.7) 		25.0
(77.0) 		20.6
(69.1) 		29.2
(84.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) — — — — 28.7
(83.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		30.8
(87.4) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		17.1
(62.8) 		12.9
(55.2) 		—
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.3
(73.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.4
(48.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		15.3
(59.5)
Record low °C (°F) −8
(18) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		0.6
(33.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−8
(18)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19.3
(0.76) 		30.0
(1.18) 		28.0
(1.10) 		18.5
(0.73) 		22.3
(0.88) 		25.5
(1.00) 		54.6
(2.15) 		50.0
(1.97) 		12.3
(0.48) 		6.3
(0.25) 		4.6
(0.18) 		14.3
(0.56) 		285.7
(11.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 2.1 2.8 3.2 2.3 1.7 1.8 5.2 4.3 1.3 0.6 0.6 1.6 27.5
Source: NOAA (extremes 1971–1990)[13][14]

References

  1. ^ "PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities". PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities. citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  2. ^ "History of District". High Court of Balochistan.
  3. ^ "Province-wise" (PDF).
  4. ^ "Division-wise" (PDF).
  5. ^ "Tehsil-wise" (PDF).
  6. ^ "Dar".
  7. ^ "HERITAGE: THE RUINED FORTS OF KHUZDAR". 6 October 2019.
  8. ^ "History of District".
  9. ^ "HERITAGE: THE RUINED FORTS OF KHUZDAR". 6 October 2019.
  10. OCLC 2196225
  11. ^ Hughes-Buller, R. (ed.) (1908) Imperial gazetteer of India: Provincial Series: Baluchistan Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, pages 16–17
  12. ^ "District-Khuzdar".
  13. ^ "Khuzdar Climate Normals 1971–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  14. ^ "Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
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