Localist camp
Localist camp 本土派 | |
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Founded | c. 2010s |
Legislative Council | 0 / 90 (0%)
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District Councils | 0 / 470 (0%)
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Localist camp | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 本土派 | ||||||
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Localist and self-determination groups | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 本土自決派 | ||||||
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Politics and government of Hong Kong |
Related topics Hong Kong portal |
This article is part of a series on |
Liberalism in China |
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Localist camp or localist and self-determination groups refers to the various groups with
Although grouped together with the
The localists gained significant traction following
After the
History
Post-80s movements
The localist camp emerged from the
Radical localism
The failure of the peaceful anti-XRL protests damaged the reputation of the moderate activists. Some turned to a more radical approach. Scholar
At the same time, the localists are hostile toward the
Umbrella Revolution and aftermath
The 79-day large-scale occupation protest was perceived to boost the local consciousness of the Hongkongers. Many new localist labelled "Umbrella groups" were formed after the protest. notably Youngspiration and Hong Kong Indigenous. Youngspiration took part in the 2015 District Council election with many other newcoming "Umbrella soldiers" and eventually won one seat out of nine candidates.[13] Hong Kong Indigenous is notable for its protest style, in which it calls for a "militant" approach with "some kind of clash", as opposed to pan-democrats' "gentle approach" of non-violent civil disobedience.[6]
There were also disaffection toward the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS), the leading figure in the protests, resulted in a great split in the student federation. The localists launched a campaign quitting the HKFS. By the end of 2015, four of the eight student unions consisting the federation, the Hong Kong University Students' Union (HKUSU), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Students' Union (HKPUSU), the Hong Kong Baptist University Students' Union (HKBUSU) and the City University of Hong Kong Students' Union (CityUSU), broke up with the HKFS.
The
2016 Legislative Council election
A day after the 2016 New Territories East by-election, three localist groups,
On 14 July 2016, the
The localists scored a great victory in the election, winning six seats (excluding
Oath-taking controversy and disqualification
On 12 October 2016 the inaugural meeting of the Legislative Council, two
Factions
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2020) |
Despite the controversies over "who are localists?" due to the vague concept of localism and the vague platforms of the localist camp, the localist camp can be loosely categorised into the following factions:
- Against Mainlandisation – rejects influx of mainland culture, immigrants and Communist oppression on Hong Kong people's civil liberties and ways of life.
- Represented party and MPs – HK First (Claudia Mo, Gary Fan), a moderate parliamentary faction,[25] categorised into the pan-democracy camp due to their background although carrying a localist agenda.
- Democratic self-determination – rooted from the social activism and student movements within the anti-Express Rail Link protest. They generally hold a more liberal agenda, supporting universal retirement protection scheme and sympathising with the new immigrants.[26] On the autonomy of Hong Kong, they advocate for "democratic self-determination", contrasting the radical localists' notion of "national self-determination".[27]They usually have warmer relationship with the pan-democrats.
- Represented party and MPs – Democracy Groundwork (Lau Siu-lai).
- Advocating members – Alex Chow, Joshua Wong, Lester Shum, Gwyneth Ho, Sunny Cheung, Tiffany Yuen
- Represented party and MPs –
- Hong Kong independence – a faction encompassing the political spectrum that strives for Hong Kong independence by both parliamentary and militant means. "Hong Kong independence, the only way out" has become a popular chant in the 2019 widespread protests.[28]
- Represented party – Hong Kong National Party; Hong Kong Independence Party; Studentlocalism.[29]
- Advocating members – Student leaders and academics including Paladin Cheng , Billy Fung, Lam Wing-kee, Joe Chung[30]
- National self-determination – emerged from the Umbrella Revolution among other "post-Umbrella organisations" and participated in several protests including the "anti-Siu Yau-wai protest". They advocate for a Hong Kong national identity and a national self-determination over the Hong Kong sovereignty and although do not officially support Hong Kong independence. They generally take the anti-immigration stance against the influx of mainland immigrants and tourists. They advocate for a more radical and "militant" approach and also "parliamentary path" under ALLinHKalliance.
- Represented party and MPs – Youngspiration (Baggio Leung, Yau Wai-ching)
- Ideological leader – Hong Kong Indigenous (Edward Leung, Ray Wong)
- Restoration of the British rule – calls for the restoration of the British rule.
- Represented party – Conservative Party; Alliance of Resuming British Sovereignty over Hong Kong and Independence, second political group to advocate a breakaway from China established on 26 June 2016, aims to gain independence as the ultimate goal, but seeks to return to British rule as a transitional phase[31]
- Advocating members – Chip Tsao and others
- Represented party –
- Sustaining of the Basic Law – takes "City-state theory" by Chin Wan which calls for a city-state status of Hong Kong through the amendment of the Hong Kong Basic Law mandated by all citizens through a de facto referendum. After the amendment was accepted by the Chinese Communist Party, the autonomy of Hong Kong would be guaranteed even after the original deadline of 2047. They advocated for a "militant" protest style and are hostile toward the pan-democrats and the moderate localists, opposed the leadership of the pan-democrat-friendly Occupy Central trio and moderate activist groups Scholarism and HKFS. After the electoral defeat of the CP–PPI–HKRO alliance, the platform was announced to be dropped.
- Represented party and MPs – Civic Passion (Cheng Chung-tai); Proletariat Political Institute (Wong Yuk-man)
- Ideological leader – Hong Kong Resurgence Order (Chin Wan, author of On the Hong Kong City-State and "City-state theory")
Electoral performance
Legislative Council elections
Election | Number of popular votes |
% of popular votes |
GC seats |
FC seats |
EC seats |
Total seats | +/− |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 411,893 | 19.00 | 6 | 0 | — | 6 / 70
|
5 |
2021 | did not contest | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 / 90
|
6 |
District Council elections
Election | Number of popular votes |
% of popular votes |
Total seats | +/− |
---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 44,334 | 3.07 | 6 / 458
|
6 |
2019 | 126 / 479
|
120 |
See also
- Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)
- Pan-Green Coalition (Taiwan)
- Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)
- Hong Kong Autonomy Movement
- Localism in Hong Kong
References
- ISBN 978-1-000-28426-3.
- ^ 袁彌昌 (10 September 2016). 筆陣:香港新左翼的崛起 /文:袁彌昌. Ming Pao (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "Hong Kong suffers identity crisis as China's influence grows". The Guardian. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
- ^ "Localism: Why is support for the political perspective growing - and who's behind it?". 1 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ 李, 立峯 (7 July 2016). "從不滿政治到不滿社會:本土派和民主派支持者的差異". Ming Pao. Archived from the original on 1 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ a b Hewitt, Duncan (8 April 2015). "Hong Kong's Clashes Over Mainland Shoppers Show Rising Cultural Tensions With China". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "旺角騷亂 京定性本土激進分離組織策動 議員:為23條立法鋪路". Apple Daily. 13 February 2016. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ a b c 羅永生. "香港本土意識的前世今生". 思想.
- ^ Hung, Ho Fung (3 November 2014). "Three Views of Local Consciousness in Hong Kong 香港 地元の意識、三つの視点". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 12 (44). Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Lau, Stuart (10 June 2013). "Independent thinker Horace Chin treads bold path". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Chang, Ping (9 June 2013). "Will a democratic China harm Hong Kong?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Out with the old: Two big-name pan-democrats ousted in tight district council election races". South China Morning Post. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "【馬嶽.評新東補選】66,524票從何而來?". HK01. 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Chung, Kang-chung (2 March 2016). "All Around Town: So which Hong Kong politician keeps gunning for losing candidate?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "本土組織將派5人出選立會 陳雲或出戰新界東". Apple Daily. 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "青年新政等六組織 組聯盟戰立會 倡2021香港自決公投". Stand News. 10 April 2016. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Ng, Joyce; Ng, Kang-chung (14 July 2016). "'Accept Hong Kong is part of China or you can't run in Legco elections'". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Ng, Joyce (2 August 2016). "Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung disqualified from Legco elections". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ Cheng, Kris (2 August 2016). "Edward Leung has not genuinely switched from pro-independence stance, says election official". Hong Kong Free Press. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Rise of localists in Hong Kong polls set to bring headaches for Beijing, analysts say". South China Morning Post. 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Declaration of war as Hong Kong's newly elected lawmakers plunge opening session into chaos". South China Morning Post. 12 October 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ "Hong Kong will move on controversial security law, CY Leung says, as Beijing bars independence activists from Legco". South China Morning Post. 7 November 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ "Hong Kong court rules localist lawmakers must vacate Legco seats". South China Morning Post. 15 November 2016.
- ^ "「香港本土」成立 拒絕大陸化". Metro Daily. 1 February 2013. p. 12.
- ^ "香港新政黨「香港眾志」成立 黃之鋒任秘書長". 蘋果新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 10 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ "立會票王朱凱廸:他們要民族自決,我要民主自決". The Initium. 7 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "旺角年初一爆警民衝突 警放催淚彈商販市民爭相走避". TMHK. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021./
- ^ "Why Beijing's headache over calls for Hong Kong's independence has only just begun". South China Morning Post. 26 August 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "I support independence over autonomy". Stand News. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021./
- ^ "HK activists seek return to British rule as first step to independence". The Straits Times. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.