Massacre of Samothrace (1821)
Massacre of Samothrace | |
---|---|
Part of the Greek War of Independence | |
Location | Samothrace |
Coordinates | 40°17′N 25°19′E / 40.29°N 25.31°E |
Date | 1 September 1821 |
Target | Greeks |
Deaths | Hundreds |
Perpetrators | Ottoman Army |
The Massacre of Samothrace (Greek: Ολοκαύτωμα της Σαμοθράκης, romanized: Holocaust of Samothrace) was the mass murder and enslavement of the Greek population of the island of Samothrace. Following the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, the Samothracians rose in revolt against the local Ottoman authorities. On 1 September 1821, an Ottoman punitive expedition under the Castellan of Dardanelles Mehmet Pasha arrived at the island. After suppressing the uprising, the Ottoman troops killed or enslaved most of island's population.
Five Samothracians who refused to convert to Islam in the aftermath of the massacre were recognized as neomartyrs by the Greek Orthodox Church. Samothrace was awarded the golden medal of the Academy of Athens for its contribution to the Greek War of Independence.
Background
Towards the end of the 18th century Samothrace began to flourish economically. Its limited resources, remote location and the absence of a safe harbor that could be used year-round led the Ottomans to largely leave the local Greek population to their own devices. The subsequent increase in agricultural production, led to a growth of the island's population and raised the overall quality of life. According to Sofi Papageorgiou, at the time of the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, the population of the Island numbered from approximately 4,000 to over 10,000 inhabitants.[1]
A number of Samothracian
Massacre
In August 1821, an Ottoman fleet set sail from the
Those who managed to escape sought refuge in the mountains. The Ottomans employed a turncoat named Kyriakos who convinced many of the survivors that they would be amnestied. The Ottomans enslaved the women and children and brought approximately 700 men underneath a Byzantine fortress at Efka where they were massacred.
Aftermath
The remaining Greeks after accepting the amnesty terms of the Ottoman Empire were granted pardon in April 1822.
Approximately 70-80 Greeks from Samothrace fled to
The Ottomans tore or burned the books they found during the course of the massacre. A bayoneted bible was recovered by the survivors from the ruins of the Chora village church.[17] It was rediscovered by Ion Dragoumis in Nikolaos Fardys' library during his visit to Samothrace in July 1906. Dragoumis donated the bible to the National Historical Museum, Athens, which houses it in its collection to this day. On 23 March 1980, the Academy of Athens awarded Samothrace its golden medal in recognition of its contribution to the Greek War of Independence.[18]
References
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, p. 75.
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, pp. 75–76.
- ^ Euthymiadis 2002, pp. 177–178.
- ^ a b c d Papageorgiou 1982, p. 76.
- ^ Euthymiadis 2002, p. 178.
- ^ a b Ilıcak 2021, p. 167.
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, p. 79.
- ^ Euthymiadis 2002, pp. 178–179.
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, p. 80.
- ^ a b Euthymiadis 2002, p. 180.
- ^ a b Ilıcak 2021, pp. 291–292.
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, pp. 78–80.
- ^ Euthymiadis 2002, p. 181.
- ^ Karpat 1985, pp. 9, 114.
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, pp. 81–82.
- ^ Dragoumis 1926, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Euthymiadis 2002, p. 179.
- ^ Papageorgiou 1982, pp. 80–82.
Sources
- Dragoumis, Ion (1926). Σαμοθράκη [Samothrace] (in Greek). Athens: Nea Zoi Alexandreias.
- Euthymiadis, Apostolos (2002). Η συμβολή της Θράκης εις τους απελευθερωτικούς αγώνας του Έθνους : (από του 1361 μέχρι του 1920) [Thrace's Contribution to the Nation's Liberation Struggle: (from 1361 to 1920)] (in Greek). Alexandroupoli: Aigaio. ISBN 9607092813.
- Ilıcak, H. Şükrü (2021). Those Infidel Greeks: The Greek War of Independence through Ottoman Archival Documents. Leiden: ISBN 9789004471306.
- ISBN 0299091600.
- Papageorgiou, Sofi (1982). Σαμοθράκη : Ἱστορία τοῦ νησιοῦ ἀπό τά πρῶτα χριστιανικά χρόνια ὡς τό 1914 [Samothrace: The History of the Island from the First Christian Years to 1914] (in Greek). Athens: Syllogos pros Diadosin ton Ellinikon Grammaton.