Dimitrios Kallergis
Dimitrios Kallergis | |
---|---|
Δημήτριος Καλλέργης | |
Minister of Military Affairs | |
In office 1854–1855 | |
Monarch | Otto |
Prime Minister | Alexandros Mavrokordatos |
Personal details | |
Born | 1803 Major General |
Battles/wars | |
Dimitrios Kallergis (Greek: Δημήτριος Καλλέργης; 1803 – 8 April 1867) was a fighter of the Greek War of Independence, major general, politician and one of the most important protagonists of the 3 September 1843 Revolution.
Life
Early life
Kallergis was born in 1803 in
Greek War of Independence
On 19 January 1822 he disembarked with his relatives, Emmanuel and Nikolaos Kallergis, and the officer Valianos in Hydra bringing with them ammunitions, whose worth was 100.000 rubles and a recommendation letter of bishop Ignatius Oungrovlachias.[3]
During the summer of 1825 he took on along with his compatriot Emmanuel Antoniadis the leadership of the campaign in Crete. On 2 August 200 revolutionaries occupied the fortress of Gramvousa, in which many pirates assembled during the next months.[4] The campaign failed while, according to the American Philhellene Samuel Gridley Howe, Kallergis was unsuitable for the leader's position.[5] Subsequently he participated in the expedition of Georgios Karaiskakis in Roumeli and he was distinguished.[6] In October 1826 he participated in the failed attack of Colonel Fabvier against Thebes (it was sent as reinforcement by Karaiskakis).[7]
On 30 January 1827 he took part in the victorious Battle of Kastella where he had significant contributions and on 20 February he defended strongly the area of the Three Towers, which was eventually conquered by the Ottomans but she had suffered several losses.[8] He was captured by the enemy forces during the disastrous Battle of Phaleron, where he was leader of the Cretan fighters.[9] Finally, he was released after his family paid a large sum for his ransom but during his captivity, one of his ears was cut by the Ottomans.[10]
After Independence
During the government of Ioannis Kapodistrias, Kallergis was one of his supporters.[1] He served as his adjutant and he proceeded to the organization of a regular body of the cavalry, where he became deputy commander.[11] After the governor's assassination he had sided with Augustinos Kapodistrias and he actively participated in the civil conflicts of the time. During January 1832 he fought as a cavalry officer in the Battle of Argos[12] and in March in the Battle of Loutraki where his forces and those of Nikitaras were defeated by the troops of Ioannis Kolettis.[13]
At the same time, he followed a military career as an officer in the regular army[14] while he was actively involved in the political issues of that period, first as a follower of the Russian Party and then of the French Party.[15] In 1834, during the Bavarian regency and the Kolettis government he was imprisoned as a supporter of the Russian Party, whose significant members had made at that time various uprisings in the Greek territory.[16]
In 1843, as colonel of the
In 1848 he made an abortive descent on the Greek coast, in the hope of launching a revolution in the Greek kingdom. He was captured, but soon released and, after a stay in the island of
When he was minister, Kallergis formed for the first time in Greece a fire brigade. In September 1855, a serious episode of Kallergis with the royal couple entailed the fall of Mavrokordatos' government.[19] In 1861 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary in Paris, in which capacity he took an important part in the negotiations which followed the fall of the Bavarian dynasty and led to the accession of Prince George of Denmark to the Greek throne.[2]
In 1866 he participated in the two-day government of
In January 1867 he was appointed as Ambassador of Greece to the
Kallergis was depicted on the reverse of the Greek 50 drachmas commemorative coin issued in 1994 for the 150th anniversary of the first Greek Constitution.[23]
References
- ^ a b c d Dimitris Fotiadis, Όθωνας - Η μοναρχία, Κυψέλη, Athens 1963, p. 291.
- ^ a b c public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kalergis, Dimitri". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 640. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Dionysios Kokkinos, Η Ελληνική Επανάστασις, Μέλισσα, Athens 1974, 6th edition, vol. 2, p. 473.
- ^ Apostolos E. Vakalopoulos, Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού, vol. 7, Thessaloniki 1986, p. 166–168, 381 - 382.
- ^ Apostolos E. Vakalopoulos, vol. 7, Thessaloniki 1986, p. 166 - 168.
- ^ Dimitris Fotiadis, Όθωνας - Η μοναρχία, Κυψέλη, Athens 1963, p. 291
- ^ Apostolos E. Vakalopoulos, Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού, vol. 7, Thessaloniki 1986, p. 664
- ^ Apostolos E. Vakalopoulos, Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού, vol. 7, Thessaloniki 1986, p. 726
- ^ Dionysios Sourmelis, Ιστορία των Αθηνών κατά τον υπέρ ελευθερίας αγώνα, 2nd edition, Athens, 1853, p. 216
- ^ Apostolos E. Vakalopoulos, Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού, vol. 7, Thessaloniki 1986, p. 750
- OCLC 31255024.
- ^ Eleni Gardika-Katsiadaki, Ο ρόλος της Διάσκεψης του Λονδίνου στην πτώση του Αυγουστίνου Καποδίστρια, περιοδικό Μνήμων, Society for the Study of Modern Hellenism, 1985, vol. 10, p. 254
- ^ G. Benekou, Κωλέτης - Ο πατέρας των πολιτικών μας ηθών, Κυψέλη, Athens 1961, p. 183
- ^ a b G. Benekou, Κωλέτης - Ο πατέρας των πολιτικών μας ηθών, Κυψέλη, Athens 1961, p. 221
- ^ OCLC 31255024.
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, Εκδοτική Αθηνών, Athens, 1975, vol. 13, p. 55
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1975, vol. 13, p. 148, 165
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1975, vol. 13, p. 148
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1975, vol. 13, p. 166
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1975, vol.13, p. 246
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1975, vol.13, p. 251
- ^ Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1975, vol. 13, p. 278
- ^ Bank of Greece Archived 28 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Drachma Banknotes & Coins: 50 drachmas Archived 1 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine. – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.