List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Kyiv
Metropolitan of Kyiv is an
Patriarchate of Constantinople
Metropolitan of Kyiv | |
---|---|
Saint Sophia's Cathedral | |
Seat | Kyiv, Ruthenia |
Appointer | Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople |
Formation | 988 |
First holder | Michael I |
Final holder | Maximus |
Abolished | 1299 |
Succession | Metropolitan of Kyiv and Moscow (Vladimir) |
- "Michael I and Leontius", 988(?)–1004(?) [1][2]
- Theophylact, 988–1018[2]
- John, 1008(?)–1017(?) [3][2]
- Teopempt 1037(?)–1043(?) [3][2]
- "Cyril" (information about him appeared only no earlier than the 16th century)[2]
- Hilarion 1051–(?) [4][2]
- Ephraim, 1055(?)–(?) [5][2]
- George, 1072(?)–(?) [5][2]
- John II Prodrom, 1077(?)–1089 [6][2]
- John III, 1090–1091 [6][2]
- Nicholas, 1097–1101(?) [7][2]
- Nikephoros, 1104–1121 [7][2]
- Nikita, 1122–1126 [8][2]
- Michael, 1130(?)–1145(?) [8][2]
- Clement, 1147–1159[2]
- Constantine, 1156–1159 [9][2]
- Theodore, 1161–1163 [9][2]
- John IV, 1164–1166 [9][2]
- Costantine II, 1167–1177(?) [10]
- Michael II,[2]
- "John V (?)–(?)" [10]
- Nikephoros II, 1182(?)–1197(?) [10][2]
- Matthew, 1210(?)–1220 [11]
- Cyril, 1224–1233 [11][2]
- Joseph I, 1237–(?) [11][2]
- "Peter (Akerovich)", 1241–1246 (Archbishop of Ruthenia),[2][12] never confirmed by the Patriarch
- Maximus, 1283–1299[2] Consecrated as metropolitan in 1283, Maximus moved the episcopal seat to Vladimirin 1299.
- Peter, 1308–1326[citation needed] Metropolitan Peter moved the episcopal seat to Moscow in 1325.[citation needed]
Division of the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'
Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Rus | |
---|---|
Lithuania) Metropolitan of Kyiv, Moscow and all Rus | |
Formation | 1458 |
First holder | Gregory |
Final holder | Michael |
Abolished | 1595 |
Succession | Ruthenian Uniate Church Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Rus |
In the 14th century, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sanctioned the creation of two additional metropolitan sees: the Metropolis of Halych (1303)[14] and the Metropolis of Lithuania (1317).[15]
Metropolitan Roman (1355–1362) of Lithuania and Metropolitan Alexius of Kiev both claimed the see. Both metropolitans travelled to Constantinople to make their appeals in person. In 1356, their cases were heard by a Patriarchal Synod.[16] The Holy Synod confirmed that Alexis was the Metropolitan of Kiev while Roman was also confirmed in his see at Novogorodek. In 1361, the two sees were formally divided. Shortly afterwards, in the winter of 1361/62, Roman died. From 1362 to 1371, the vacant see of Lithuania–Halych was administered by Alexius. By that point, the Lithuanian metropolis was effectively dissolved.
Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' (See in Vladimir) |
Metropolis of Halych (See in Halych) |
Metropolis of Lithuania (See in Navahrudak )
|
---|---|---|
Maximus (1285–1305) | Niphont (1303–1305)[14] | |
Peter of Moscow (1308–1326) |
sede vacante (1305–1326) (Administered by Peter of Moscow) |
Theophilus 1317–1330 |
In 1325, the metropolitan seat was moved from the city of Vladimir to Moscow.
Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' (See in Moscow) |
Metropolis of Lithuania (See in Vilno ) |
Metropolis of Halych (See in Halych | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1326–1328 | vacant | 1317–1330 | Theophilus | 1326–1329 | Gabriel[14] |
1328–1353 | Theognostus |
1352 | Teodorite[17] | 1337–1347 | Theodore II[14] |
1354–1378 | Alexius | 1354–1362 | Roman[18] (united) | ||
1384–1385 | Dionysius I |
1376–1406 | Cyprian[19] |
1370–1391 | Antoniy |
1382–1389 | Pimen
| ||||
1376–1406 | Cyprian (united)
| ||||
1410–1431 | Photius |
1415–1419 | Gregory[20] | ||
1433–1435 | Gerasimus[21] (united) | ||||
1436–1458 | Isidore (united) |
Following the signing of the
In the Holy See
An
- Gregory II, (1458–1473). His title to the metropolitan see was acknowledged both by the Holy See and by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
- Union of Florence. He was appointed by Pope Sixtus IV.
- Spyridon Satana , 1476–1482 [24] – consecrated as Orthodox metropolitan of Kyiv by Patriarch Raphael I of Constantinople but rejected by Casimir IV
Patriarchate of Constantinople (1441–1596)
Following the
- Simeon of Kiev, 1481–1488 [24] – first accepted Orthodox metropolitan since 1458
- Jonah Hlezna, 1489–1494 [26]
- Macarius Chort , 1495–1497 [26]
- Joseph Bolharynovich , 1499–1501 [26]
- Jonah, metropolitan of Kyiv , 1503–1507 [27]
- Joseph Soltan , 1509–1522 [27]
- Joseph Rusin , 1523–1533 [27]
- Macarius Moskovytyanyn , 1534–1555 [28]
- Sylvester Bilkevich , 1556–1567 [28]
- Jonah Protasevich , 1568–1577 [28]
- Elias Kucha , 1577–1579 [29]
- Onesiphorus Devochka , 1579–1589 [29]
- Michael III, 1589–1599
In 1595, most Eastern Orthodox leaders in the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' signed the Union of Brest with the Holy See, thereby establishing the Ruthenian Uniate Church.
In the Holy See (Union of Brest)
Following the failure of the Union of Florence, a second attempt at union was essayed in 1595/6. It resulted in the Union of Brest which re-established full communion with the Holy See. The effect was to create the Ruthenian Uniate Church. This is a list of Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia in the Ruthenian Uniate Church before the partitions of Poland:[30]
- 1596—1599 Michael III (Polish: Michał Rahoza, Belarusian: Міхаіл Рагоза)
- 1600—1613 Hypatius Pociej (Polish: Hipacy Pociej, Belarusian: Іпацій Пацей)
- 1613—1637 Joseph Rutski (Polish: Józef Welamin Rucki, Belarusian: Язэп Руцкі)
- 1637—1640 Raphael Korsak (Polish: Rafał Mikołaj Korsak, Belarusian: Рафаіл Корсак)
- 1641—1655 Antonius Sielawa (Polish: Antoni Sielawa, Belarusian: Антон Сялява)
- 1666—1674 Gabriel Kolenda (Polish: Gabriel Kolenda, Belarusian: Гаўрыла Календа)
- 1674—1693 Cyprian Żochowski (Polish: Cyprian Żochowski, Belarusian: Кіпрыян Жахоўскі)
- 1694—1708 Leo Załęski (Polish: Lew Ślubicz-Załęski, Ukrainian: Лев Слюбич-Заленський)
- 1708—1713 George Winnicki (Polish: Jerzy Winnicki, Ukrainian: Юрій Винницький)
- 1714—1729 : Лев Кишка)
- 1729—1746 Athanasius Szeptycki
- 1748—1762 Florian Hrebnicki
- 1762—1778 Philip Wołodkowicz
- 1778—1779 Leo Szeptycki
- 1780—1786 Jason Smogorzewski
- 1787—1805 Theodosius Rostocki
Patriarchate of Constantinople (Exarchate of Ukraine)
Some clergy in the Commonwealth refused to subscribe to the Union of Brest and continued with the old rites and their allegiance to the Ecumenical Patriarch. More than 25 years of struggles within parishes for possession of church buildings and monasteries ensued. In 1620, the
List of metropolitans of the "Exarchate of Ukraine":
- Job (1620–1631)
- Isaiah (1631–1633) [b]
- Crown of Poland
- Sylvester(1647–1657)
- Dionisius II (1657–1663) who transferred the episcopal seat from Kyiv to Chyhyryn due to Muscovite military incursions [34][35]
- Joseph V, 1663–1675 [36]
- Anton Vinnicky, (anti-Metropolitan) 1663–1679 [37]
- vacant 1679–1685
Appointed by
- Locum Tenens Lazar Baranovych, 1659–1661 [38]
- Locum Tenens Methodius Filimonovich, 1661–1668 [38]
- Locum Tenens Lazar Baranovych, 1670–1685 [38]
In the Patriarchate of Moscow
Metropolitan (Archbishop) of Kyiv, Galicia (and all Little Rus) | |
---|---|
Seat | Kyiv, Kiev Governorate (Cossack Hetmanate) |
Appointer | Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia |
Precursor | Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Rus, Exarch of Ukraine |
Formation | 1685 |
First holder | Gedeon |
Final holder | Anthony |
Abolished | 1919 |
Succession | Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia, Exarch of Ukraine Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church |
Metropolitans of Kyiv, Galicia and of all Little Rus (1685–1770)
According to the Russian Orthodox Church, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox metropolis was transferred from the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the Moscow Patriarchate in 1686 thereby establishing the Metropolis of Kiev (Patriarchate of Moscow). This interpretation is disputed by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (see 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism).
- consecrationto Moscow instead of Constantinople)
- Metropolitan Varlaam, 1690–1707 [39]
- Ioasaph, 1708–1718 [39]
- In 1718 Peter the Great abolished metropolitan.
- Varlaam (Vanatovich) , 1722–1730, [39] archbishop
- Raphael, 1731–1747, metropolitan since 1743
- In 1743 metropolitan was reinstated.
- In 1767 Catherine the Great stripped the Metropolitan Arsenius of title "of all Little Rus"
Metropolitans of Kyiv and Galicia (1770–1921)
In 1770, the Romanov civil authorities stripped the metropolis of its
- Gabriel, 1770–1783 [39]
- Samuel, 1783–1796 [39]
- Hierotheus, 1796–1799 [39]
- Gabriel II, 1799–1803 [39]
- Serapion, 1803–1822 [39]
- Eugene, 1822–1837 [39]
- Philaret, 1837–1857 [39]
- Isidore, 1858–1860 [39]
- Arsenius II, 1860–1876 [39]
- Philotheus, 1876–1882 [39]
- Platon, 1882–1891 [39]
- Joanicius, 1891–1900 [39]
- Theognostus , 1900–1903 [39]
- Flavian, 1903–1915 [39]
- Vladimir, 1915–1918 [39]
- Nicodemus, 1918 (as bishop of Chyhyryn)
- Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia(ROCOR).
- Nazarius Blinov, 1919–1921 [39]
Metropolitans and Archbishops of Kyiv and Galicia (1921–present)
Bishops in communion with the Patriarchate of Moscow (1921–present)
Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine (Exarchate of Ukraine) | |
---|---|
Ukrainian SSR) | |
Appointer | Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' |
Precursor | Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Rus, Exarch of Ukraine |
Formation | 1921 |
First holder | Michael Yermakov |
The Russian Orthodox Church erects
- Michael Yermakov, 1921–1925,[39] bishop in 1921–27 exarch of Ukraine 1921–1929
- Georges Deliev, 1923–1928, [39] bishop acting
- Macarius Karamzin, 1924, [39] bishop acting
- Sergius Kuminsky, 1925–1930, [39] bishop acting
- Demetrius Verbitsky, 1930–1932, [39] archbishop
- Sergius Grishin, 1932–1934, [39] archbishop
- Constantine Dyakov, 1934–1937,[39] exarch of Ukraine 1929–1937
- Alexander, 1937–1938 [39]
- Nicholas Yarushevich, 1941–1944,[39] exarch of Ukraine 1941
- During World War II, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was occupied by Nazi Germany. Exarch Nicholas moved to Moscow. The rest of bishops loyal to the Moscow Patriarchate created the Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church (UAOC) which was recognized by Metropolitan Nicholas. When the German armies retreated from the SSR, the UAOC was dissolved; the exarchate was reinstated.
- Oleksii Hromadskyi, 1941–1943 (Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church)[40]
- Panteleimon Rudyk, 1943–1944 (Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church)[39][41]
- John Sokolov, 1944–1964,[39] exarch of Ukraine
- Ioasaph II, 1964–1966,[39]exarch of Ukraine
- Filaret II, 1966–1990,[39]exarch of Ukraine
In 1990, the Russian Orthodox Church accorded a limited form of self rule to the Ukrainian Exarchate. The additional freedoms were not enumerated. The church is currently styled the "Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)" (UOC-MP). The metropolitan is styled "Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine". There have been three metropolitans of the UOC-MP to date:
- Filaret II (1990–1992) Following differences with the Patriarchate, he left [39] and joined the newly formed Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate. In 1997, he was excommunicated by the Moscow Patriarchate.[42]
- Volodymyr II Sabodan (1992–2014)[39][43]
- Onufriy Berezovsky,[43]2014–incumbent
Bishops not in communion with the Patriarchate of Moscow (1923–present)
In 1923, a split occurred in the Patriarchate of Moscow. A majority (initially) of bishops associated themselves with a wing of the Church that was supported by the OGPU (the Soviet secret police). A minority, called "The Living Church", was spread across the territory of the
- Tikhon (Vasilevsky), 1923
- Nikolay (Fedotov), 1923–1924
- Aleksandr (Shcherbakov), 1924
- Innokentiy (Pustynsky), 1924–1929
- Iuvenaliy (Moshkovsky), 1928–1929
- Pimen (Pegov), 1929–1935
- Aleksandr (Chekanovsky), 1935–1937
- Vladimir (Zlobin), 1938–1941
Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine (self-consecrated)
- Vasyl Lypkivsky, 1921–1927
- Mykola Boretsky, 1927–1930 [45]
- Ivan Pavlovsky, 1930–1936 [45]
Due to Soviet pressure, the UAOC is liquidated in 1936, some of its members emigrated to the United States.
All-Ukrainian Orthodox Autocephalous Synodical Church
Created in 1923, the church was part of all-Soviet Renovation movement (Obnovlenichestvo).[46] It was liquidated in 1935, but after the remaining communities were headed by acting primate.
- Pimen (Pegov), 1923-1935
- Oleksandr (Chekanovskyi), 1935-1937
Fraternal Parish Association of the Ukrainian Orthodox Autocephalous churches
In 1925 there was created another organization which opposed both the Living Church and Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. After 1937 it disappeared.[47]
- Feofil Buldovsky, 1925–1937
Polish Orthodox Church period (World War II)
Following the partition of Poland between
- Polikarp Sikorsky, (Administrator of the Church under the title of Metropolitan of Lutsk and Kovel), 1942–1944 [40]
This relative freedom lasted till the return of the
Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Patriarchs of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine (Kyiv Patriarchate)
Patriarch Mstyslav (Stepan Ivanovych Skrypnyk) was the Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus' and the primate of the
- Volodymyr(1993–1995)
- Filaret II Denysenko (1995–2018; 2019–present) (see Conflict between Filaret and Epiphanius)
Metropolitans and Patriarch of Kyiv and All Ukraine (Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church)
In 1989 the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church was legally registered in the
- Mstyslav(1991-1993) as Patriarch of Kyiv and all Ukraine
- Dymytriy(1993-2000) as Patriarch of Kyiv and all Ukraine
- Mefodiy Kudriakov(2000–2015)
- Makariy Maletych(2015–2018)
On 15 December 2018, the UAOC along with the UOC–KP
One church
Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine | |
---|---|
Seat | Kyiv, Ukraine |
Formation | 2018 |
First holder | Epiphanius I |
The
In June 2019, however, Filaret and a few clergymen declared a split from the UOC, in a dispute over the leadership of the Church.
As of December 2019, the OCU is recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Church of Greece, and the Church of Cyprus.
This is a list of Metropolitans of Kyiv and all Ukraine:
- Epiphanius I, 2018–incumbent
See also
Notes
- ^ King Sigismund III Vasa accused their consecrator, Theophanes III, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, of being a covert agent working on behalf of the Ottoman Empire and ordered his arrest and the arrest of those consecrated by him.[32]
- ^ The hierarchy which was consecrated in 1620 was legalized by the government in a 1632 agreement that permitted both the disuniate Greek Orthodox and uniate Greek Catholic jurisdictions within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[33]
Citations
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 64.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Metropolitans of Kyiv and all Rus (988–1305) (Митрополиты Киевские и всея Руси (988—1305 гг.)). Russia in color.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 65.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 66.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 77.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 78.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 79.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 80.
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 81.
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 82.
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 83.
- ^ Epstein, S. Purity Lost: Transgressing Boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1000–1400. JHU Press, 2007
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 84.
- ^ a b c d "Halych metropoly". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com.
- ^ Metropolis of Lithuania. Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
- ^ Russkaia Istoricheskaia Biblioteka, VI, Prilozheniia, pp. 63-70.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 86.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 87.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, pp. 88–90.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 90.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 91.
- ^ Vortman, D. Navahrudak – Novhorod the Lithuanian (НОВОГРУДОК - НОВГОРОД ЛИТОВСЬКИЙ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2010
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 179.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 180.
- ^ Lencyk, W. Christianization of Ukraine. Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 181.
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 182.
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 183.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 184.
- ^ Pelesz, Julian (1881). Geschichte der Union der ruthenischen Kirche mit Rom. Woerl. pp. 1083–84.
- ^ Subtelny 2009, p. ? (ebook); Crummey 2006, p. 305; Medlin & Patrinelis 1971, p. 90; Krasinski 1840, p. 191.
- ^ Medlin & Patrinelis 1971, pp. 89–90.
- ^ Subtelny 2009, p. ? (ebook).
- ^ a b Senyk 1996, pp. 354–357.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 223.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 225.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 226.
- ^ a b c Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 224.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al UOC-MP 2011.
- ^ a b Magocsi 1996, p. 628.
- ^ Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 405.
- ^ "Official History of the Defrocking and Anathematization of Philaret Denisenko. Documents of the June 1992, 1994, and 1997 Bishops' Councils of the Russian Orthodox Church". OrthoChristian.Com. 17 October 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ a b "Metropolitan Onufriy of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna elected head of Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)". interfax.com.ua. Kyiv, UA: Interfax-Ukraine. 2014-08-13. Archived from the original on 2014-08-13.
- ^ "Living church". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 2019-01-09.
- ^ a b Blazejovskyj 1990, p. 428.
- ^ Yevseyeva, T. Renovation movement (ОБНОВЛЕНСЬКИЙ РУХ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine
- ^ Sahan, O. Fraternal Association. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine
- ^ "Patriarch Bartholomew signs Tomos of autocephaly of Orthodox Church of Ukraine". risu.org.ua. 5 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
- ^ La-Croix.com (2019-01-05). "L'Église d'Ukraine officiellement créée par le patriarche Bartholomée" [The church of Ukraine officially created by Patriarch Bartholomew]. La Croix (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-05.
References
- This article incorporates text from List of Metropolitans of Kiev at OrthodoxWiki which is licensed under the CC-BY-SA and GFDL.
- Blažejovskyj, Dmytro (1990). Hierarchy of the Kyivan Church (861–1990). Vydanni͡a Ukraïnsʹkoho katolʹytsʹkoho universytetu im. Sv. Klymenta Papy Editiones Universitatis Catholicae Ucrainorum S. Clementis Papae Sacrum Ucrainae millenium. Vol. 72. Rome: [Ukraïnsʹkyĭ katolyt͡sʹkyĭ universytet im. Sv. Klymenta Papy]. OCLC 22834909.
- Crummey, Robert O. (2006). "Eastern Orthodoxy in Russia and Ukraine in the age of counter-Reformation". In Angold, Michael (ed.). Eastern Christianity. The Cambridge history of Christianity. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 302–324. ISBN 9780521811132– via Cambridge Histories Online.
- Krasiński, Waleryan (1840). Historical sketch of the rise, progress and decline of the reformation in Poland. Vol. 2. London: J. L. Cox and Sons. OCLC 714971939.
- Pelesz, Julian (1881). Geschichte der Union der ruthenischen Kirche mit Rom. Woerl.
- Senyk, Sophia (1996). "The Ukrainian Church in the seventeenth century". Analecta Ordinis S. Basilii Magni (Sectio II, vol XV (XXI), Fasc 1–4). Rome: sumptibus PP. Basilianorum.
- "Metropolitans of Kyiv". orthodox.org.ua. Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). 2011-01-14. Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- Magocsi, Paul (1996). A history of Ukraine. Toronto Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9.
- Medlin, William K.; Patrinelis, Christos G. (1971). Renaissance influences and religious reforms in Russia : Western and post-Byzantine impacts on culture and education (16th-17th centuries). Études de philologie et d'histoire. Vol. 18. Genève: Librairie Droz. ISBN 9782600038942.
- Subtelny, Orest (2009). Ukraine: a history (4th ed.). Toronto [u.a.]: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-44269728-7.